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Caries Impacts and Experiences Questionnaire for Children (CARIES-QC) is a child-centred caries-specific quality of life measure. This study aimed to select, and validate with children, a classification system for a paediatric condition-specific preference-based measure, based on CARIES-QC.

First, a provisional classification system for a preference-based measure based on CARIES-QC was identified using Rasch analysis, psychometric testing, involvement of children and parents, and the developer of CARIES-QC. Second, qualitative, semi-structured 'think aloud' validation interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of children with dental caries. The interviewer aimed to identify whether items were considered important and easily understood, whether any were overlapping and if any excluded items should be reintroduced. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis conducted.

Rasch analysis identified poor item spread for the items 'cross' and 'school'. Items relating to eating validate the classification system can be applied in the development of other preference-based measures.
Following child-centred modification, the preliminary five-item classification system is considered valid and suitable for use in a valuation survey. The innovative child-centred methods used to both identify and validate the classification system can be applied in the development of other preference-based measures.Patient safety is a priority in healthcare, yet it is unclear how sources of errors should best be analyzed. Eye tracking is a tool used to monitor gaze patterns in medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of visual attention among critical care nurses performing non-simulated, routine patient care on invasively ventilated patients in an ICU. ICU nurses were tracked bedside in daily practice. Eight specific areas of interest were pre-defined (respirator, drug preparation, medication, patient data management system, patient, monitor, communication and equipment/perfusors). Main independent variable and primary outcome was dwell time, secondary outcomes were hit ratio, revisits, fixation count and average fixation time on areas of interest in a targeted tracking-time of 60 min. 28 ICU nurses were analyzed and the average tracking time was 65.5 min. Dwell time was significantly higher for the respirator (12.7% of total dwell time), patient data management system (23.7% of total dwell time) and patient (33.4% of total dwell time) compared to the other areas of interest. A similar distribution was observed for fixation count (respirator 13.3%, patient data management system 25.8% and patient 31.3%). Average fixation time and revisits of the respirator were markedly elevated. Apart from the respirator, average fixation time was highest for the patient data management system, communication and equipment/perfusors. Eye tracking is helpful to analyze the distribution of visual attention of critical care nurses. It demonstrates that the respirator, the patient data management system and the patient form cornerstones in the treatment of critically ill patients. This offers insights into complex work patterns in critical care and the possibility of improving work flows, avoiding human error and maximizing patient safety.
Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the colon are among the rarest types of colorectal cancers. Among these, large cell type neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is particularly rare. Colorectal NEC is an aggressive disease, and there are few reports of long-term survivors. Here, we report a case of LCNEC accompanied by disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis that was difficult to diagnose.

The case involves a 62-year-old female found to be positive for fecal occult blood by medical examination. An endoscopy revealed a tumor in the ascending colon, and the biopsy revealed poorly differentiated cancer. Abnormal FDG accumulation with peritoneal thickening was visible on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) and suspected to be peritoneal dissemination. Laparoscopic ileocecal resection was performed for the tumor of the ascending colon with abdominal wall invasion. At that time, numerous intra-abdominal nodules were observed, indicating peritoneal dissemination. The pathological diagnosis lly poor, multidisciplinary treatment for advanced colorectal LCNEC may result in a favorable outcome for some patients. If peritoneal dissemination is suspected during operation, sampling of the nodule to confirm the pathological diagnosis is advisable.
We experienced a case of Stage IVa colorectal LCNEC accompanied by disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. Although the prognosis is generally poor, multidisciplinary treatment for advanced colorectal LCNEC may result in a favorable outcome for some patients. If peritoneal dissemination is suspected during operation, sampling of the nodule to confirm the pathological diagnosis is advisable.
Nodular fasciitis (NF) is a type of rare and rapidly growing tumor that affects the muscular fascial layers. Due to its locally aggressive nature and rapid growth, NF can be mistaken as a malignant process on either clinical or histological grounds.

A 61-year-old man was affected by rectal cancer. We performed a robotic, high-anterior resection with lymph node dissection. According to the 8th edition of Union for International Cancer Control, the diagnosis was stage I pT2N0M0. During a routine follow-up 1.5years after the robotic surgery, a computed tomography examination revealed a tumor in the upper right abdominal wall, at the site of the surgical port, that measured 45mm. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated a hypo-intensive mass within the right straight muscle of the abdomen. Port site recurrence following the robotic surgery for rectal cancer was suspected, and an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration was performed; it revealed a low-grade myofibroblastic tumor or benign neoplasm, but was inconclusive. We performed an excision of the lesion, and histopathology confirmed NF, seen as a solid, nodular, spindle-cell lesion. The patient was postoperatively followed for more than 1year without any sign of recurrence of either cancer or NF.

NF is histologically benign, but local recurrence frequently occurs. We encountered a patient with NF at the port site after robotic surgery for rectal cancer.
NF is histologically benign, but local recurrence frequently occurs. We encountered a patient with NF at the port site after robotic surgery for rectal cancer.Spintronics is the most promising technology to develop alternative multi-functional, high-speed, low-energy electronic devices. read more Due to their unusual physical characteristics, emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials provide a new platform for exploring novel spintronic devices. Recently, 2D spintronics has made great progress in both theoretical and experimental researches. Here, the progress of 2D spintronics has been reviewed. In the last, the current challenges and future opportunities have been pointed out in this field.Pleural infection is a millennia-spanning condition that has proved challenging to treat over many years. Fourteen percent of cases of pneumonia are reported to present with a pleural effusion on chest X-ray (CXR), which rises to 44% on ultrasound but many will resolve with prompt antibiotic therapy. To guide treatment, parapneumonic effusions have been separated into distinct categories according to their biochemical, microbiological and radiological characteristics. There is wide variation in causative organisms according to geographical location and healthcare setting. Positive cultures are only obtained in 56% of cases; therefore, empirical antibiotics should provide Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic cover whilst providing adequate pleural penetrance. With the advent of next-generation sequencing techniques, yields are expected to improve. Complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema necessitate prompt tube thoracostomy. It is reported that 16-27% treated in this way will fail on this therapy and require some form of escalation. The now seminal Multi-centre Intrapleural Sepsis Trials (MIST) demonstrated the use of combination fibrinolysin and DNase as more effective in the treatment of empyema compared to either agent alone or placebo, and success rates of 90% are reported with this technique. The focus is now on dose adjustments according to the patient's specific 'fibrinolytic potential', in order to deliver personalised therapy. Surgery has remained a cornerstone in the management of pleural infection and is certainly required in late-stage manifestations of the disease. However, its role in early-stage disease and optimal patient selection is being re-explored. A number of adjunct and exploratory therapies are also discussed in this review, including the use of local anaesthetic thoracoscopy, indwelling pleural catheters, intrapleural antibiotics, pleural irrigation and steroid therapy.
Head or scalp injury is a life-threatening and typically accidental human injury. Most medical departments require immediate medical treatment and proper treatment with specialized medical personnel and facilities. However, in low-resource environments, such as the rural region of West Africa, the authors have treated emergency trauma patients and provided immediate treatment despite lack of resources.

We reviewed three cases of scalp injury patients, with representative clinical information, and used these cases to outline feedback on scalp trauma treatment based on the specialty knowledge of general and emergency surgeon.

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are medical specialists that can immediately diagnose and treat these scalp injuries based on their medical knowledge and experience with the maxillofacial region.
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are medical specialists that can immediately diagnose and treat these scalp injuries based on their medical knowledge and experience with the maxillofacial region.
Fractionated peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with
Lu-DOTATATE is increasingly applied as an effective treatment for patients with disseminated neuroendocrine tumors. In parallel to dose planning before external beam radiation therapy, dosimetry is also needed to optimize PRRT to the individual patient. Accordingly, absorbed doses to organs at risk need to be calculated during PRRT, based on serial measurements of radioactivity distribution utilizing SPECT/CT. The dosimetry should be based on as few measurements as possible, while still retaining reliable results. The main aim of the present work was to calculate the fractional contribution of the extrapolations of the curve fits for the absorbed dose calculations to the kidneys. The secondary aim was to study agreement between absorbed dose (AD) and the effective half-life (t
) for the kidneys, estimated by means of measurements at one or two time points, in comparison to our current method employing three time points.

In 777 patients withn the reference method. Measurements at an early and a late time point were found most important. An intermediate measurement contributes with an idea of the goodness of the fit.
When assessing simplifications of methods for calculation of the absorbed dose to the kidneys, it was of the uttermost importance to incorporate the fractional contribution for the extrapolations included in the reference method. Measurements at an early and a late time point were found most important. An intermediate measurement contributes with an idea of the goodness of the fit.
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