Notes

Scientific practices related to high-flow nose cannulas in kid vital care in South america when compared with other countries: the Brazil questionnaire.
The accuracy of T1WI, T2WI, CET1WI, and the joint T2WI and CET1WI models ranged from 72.0 %-78.0 %, from 79.6 %-81.6 %, from 74.0 %-82.0 %, and from 76.0 %-86.0 % in the test set. In the test set, the AUC for T1WI, T2WI, CET1WI, joint T2WI, and CET1WI models ranged from 0.775 to 0.829, 0.816 to 0.826, 0.836 to 0.861, and 0.870 to 0.877, respectively. In the combined model, the performance of ML classifiers was better than the performance of visual assessment in the training set and in all patients (p＜0.05).

Radiomics analysis represents a promising tool in separating UM from other intraocular masses.
Radiomics analysis represents a promising tool in separating UM from other intraocular masses.Recently, during the pandemic infection of the novel SARS-CoV-2, some cases of Guillan-Barré Syndrome (GBS) have been reported. The aim of this work is to report the natural history of patients with GBS, both COVID and not-COVID related, hospitalized in Liguria region, during lock down period, in order to assess clinical features of both groups and possible managements pitfalls due to pandemic emergency. Fifteen GBS patients were admitted to the Hospitals of Liguria, from February 15th to May 3rd 2020, six with SARS-CoV-2 infection and nine without infection. In COVID-19 related GBS five patients presented with classical GBS and one with variant. Two patients presented neurologic symptoms during or shortly after the viral syndrome, suggesting the pattern of a para-infectious profile. Multi-organ involvement, delay in the diagnosis, incomplete work up and start of therapy, were registered in 50% of cases with a GBS-Disability scale ≥4 at follow-up evaluation. In not-COVID-19 related GBS, main problem was diagnostic delay. In three patients the first neurological observation took place after a mean of 33,6 days. Moreover, five patients went to emergency room after an average of 30 days since the onset of neurological symptoms because of fear of contagion. In conclusion, not only SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause GBS, but it can also, due to effects of pandemic on the health organization, affect the outcome of patients with not COVID-19 related GBS.
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the associations of multiple sclerosis (MS) neurodegeneration serum cholesterol profiles is currently unknown.

To determine associations between lipid profile measures and cerebral perfusion-based indices in MS patients.

Seventy-seven MS patients underwent 3T MRI. Cerebral blood volume (CBV), time-to-peak (TTP) and mean transit time (MTT) measures were computed from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) for normal-appearing brain tissue (NABT), GM, cortex, deep gray matter (DGM) and thalamus. Total cholesterol, low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C) and the apolipoproteins (Apo), ApoA-I, ApoA-II, ApoB, ApoC-II and ApoE levels were measured in plasma. Age and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted correlations were used to assess the associations between PWI and lipid profile measures.

Higher HDL-C levels were associated with shorter MTT, which are indicative of greater perfusion, in NABT (p=0.012), NAWM (p=0.021), GM (p=0.009), cortex (p=0.014), DGM p=0.015; and thalamus p=0.015). The HDL-C-associated apolipoproteins, ApoA-I and ApoA-II, were associated with shorter MTT of the same brain regions (all p<0.028). HDL-C and ApoA-I levels were also associated with shorter TTP, indicative of faster cerebral blood delivery. ApoC-II was associated with lower nCBV of the GM and cortex (p=0.035 and p=0.014, respectively).

The HDL pathway is associated with better global brain perfusion and faster cerebral blood delivery as measured by shorter MTT and TTP, respectively. ApoC-II may be associated with lower cortical and DGM perfusion.
The HDL pathway is associated with better global brain perfusion and faster cerebral blood delivery as measured by shorter MTT and TTP, respectively. ApoC-II may be associated with lower cortical and DGM perfusion.
Post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) is associated with poorer quality of life, higher mortality, and greater health expenditures. We are unaware of any published reports on the frequency of and factors associated with PSE in Africa.

To assess the frequency and factors associated with PSE among Ghanaian stroke survivors.

We conducted a cross-sectional study of consecutive stroke survivors seen at an out-patient Neurology clinic enrolled into a stroke registry at a tertiary medical center in Ghana between January 2018 and March 2020. We collected baseline demographic and clinical details including diagnosis of post-stroke epilepsy, anti-epileptic medications, presence, treatment and control of vascular risk factors. sirpiglenastat Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with PSE.

Of 1101 stroke patients encountered, 126 had PSE (frequency of 11.4%; 95% CI of 9.6-13.5%). Mean (± SD) age among PSE vs. non-PSE patients was 57.7 (± 15.2) vs. 58.7 (± 13.9) years. Factors independently associated with PSE were being male (aOR 1.94; 95% CI 1.32-2.86), cortical ischemic strokes (1.79; 1.12-2.87), blood pressure>130/80mmHg (OR 2.26; 1.06-4.79), use of antihypertensive treatment (OR 0.43; 0.23-0.79). There was an inverted J-shaped curve association between number of classes of antihypertensive drugs prescribed and occurrence of PSE, with the lowest inflection point at 3 classes (OR 0.34; 0.17-0.68).

In this convenience sample of ambulatory Ghanaian stroke survivors, one in ten had PSE. Further investigations to confirm and clarify the associations between the identified demographic and clinical characteristics are warranted.
In this convenience sample of ambulatory Ghanaian stroke survivors, one in ten had PSE. Further investigations to confirm and clarify the associations between the identified demographic and clinical characteristics are warranted.There is growing interest in the radiotherapy community in the application of FLASH radiotherapy, wherein the dose is delivered to the entire treatment volume in less than a second. Early pre-clinical evidence suggests that these extremely high dose rates provide significant sparing of healthy tissue compared to conventional radiotherapy without reducing the damage to cancerous cells. This interest has been reflected in the proton therapy community, with early tests indicating that the FLASH effect is also present with high dose rate proton irradiation. In order to deliver clinically relevant doses at FLASH dose rates significant technical hurdles must be overcome in the accelerator technology before FLASH proton therapy can be realised. Of these challenges, increasing the average current from the present clinical range of 1-10 nA to in excess of 100 nA is at least feasible with existing technology, while the necessity for rapid energy adjustment on the order of a few milliseconds is much more challenging, particularly for synchrotron-based systems.
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