Notes

GPS generating: an electronic biomarker with regard to preclinical Alzheimer condition.
Microwave showed to be the most efficient approach and the delamination order for WPCBs was NMP > DMSO >DMF > DMAc. Subsequent optimization of key parameters (dimensions of WPCBs and reaction time) were obtained dimensions of 225 mm2 using NMP (solid/liquid ratio of 300 g/L) at 200 °C with 2 cycles of 10 min. In conclusion, microwave-assisted swelling revealed to be more efficient and faster process to delaminate WPCBs into metallic and non-metallic components, which are important advantages when envisaging a future industrial waste management implementation.Previous studies showed that resources recovery through landfill mining (LFM) is generally challenging from an economic perspective and that a large share of project costs is related to the external treatment and disposal of bulk process wastes such as combustibles and fines residue. Building on these analyses, this study aims to explore the potential for improving the economy of LFM in Europe by creating value from these bulk process wastes. Specifically, the combustibles are treated through internal incineration with subsequent energy recovery, while fines residue is utilized as construction aggregates. These explored possibilities are investigated considering other varying factors at the site, project, and system levels that cover possible LFM project settings in Europe. A set-based modelling approach is adapted to generate multiple LFM scenarios (531,441) and investigate the underlying critical factors that drive the economy of LFM through global sensitivity analysis. Results show that an additional 16% of LFM scenarios become net profitable, mainly driven by fines residue utilization. Avoided costs for re-landfilling are higher than the revenues from construction aggregates. By contrast, internal incineration is driven by the revenues from recovered energy rather than the avoided gate fee, which is substituted by the costs for building and operating own plants. Overall, the policy conditions remain critical to further improve the economy of LFM in Europe. Recommendations include an inclusive quality standard that relies on pollutant leachability rather than total concentration for higher-value application of fines residue and incentive rather than taxation for producing renewable energy from the combustibles.Countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) rely on IPCC emission factors (EF) for GHG emission reporting. BOS172722 solubility dmso However, these were derived for industrialized livestock farms and do not represent conditions of smallholder farms (small, low-producing livestock breeds, poor feed quality, feed scarcity). Here, we present the first measurements of CH4 and N2O emissions from cattle-manure heaps representing feeding practices typical for smallholder farms in the highlands of East Africa 1) cattle fed below maintenance energy requirements to represent feed scarcity, and 2) cattle fed tropical forage grasses (Napier, Rhodes, Brachiaria). Sub-maintenance feeding reduced cumulative manure N2O emissions compared to cattle receiving sufficient feed but did not change EFN2O. Sub-maintenance feeding did not affect cumulative manure CH4 emissions or EFCH4. When cattle were fed tropical forage grasses, cumulative manure N2O emissions did not differ between diets, but manure EFN2O from Brachiaria and Rhodes diets were lower than the IPCC EFN2O for solid storage (1%, 2019 Refinement of IPCC Guidelines). Manure CH4 emissions were lower in the Rhodes grass diet than when feeding Napier or Brachiaria, and manure EFCH4 from all three grasses were lower than the IPCC default (4.4 gCH4kg-1 VS, 2019 Refinement of IPCC Guidelines). Regression analysis revealed that manure N concentration and CN were important drivers of N2O emissions, with low N concentrations and high CN reducing N2O emissions. Our results show that IPCC EFs overestimate excreta GHG emissions, which calls for additional measurements to develop localized EFs for smallholder livestock systems in SSA.Electrophysiological (EEG) correlates both at time (i.e., event-related potentials, ERP) and frequency (i.e., event-related desynchronization, ERD) domains have been shown to be modulated by external magnetic interference. Parallel studies reported a similar interference also for the EEG microstate at rest and in the period that anticipates a task. Here we investigated whether such interference was prolonged during the evoked activity in the framework of the semantic decision task. To this aim, rTMS was delivered over a core region of both the Default mode network and the language network (i.e., left angular gyrus, AG), previously associated to the current task, and as active control we stimulated the left IPS. When subjects received a non-active stimulation (i.e., Sham), in the period that follows the target onset (i.e., 2 sec after the rTMS) we found an interesting alternation of two dominant microstates (MS1, MS3), previously associated to the phonological network and the Cingulo-Opercular Network (CON), respectively. This dynamic was not altered when TMS was delivered over the left IPS. On the contrary, rTMS over left AG selectively suppressed the phonological-related microstate. These findings provide the first causal evidence of region specificity of the EEG microstates topography during the evoked activity corroborating the idea of a crucial role of AG in the semantic memory. Moreover, the present results might provide insight for understanding the neurophysiological correlates of language disorders e.g., aphasia as well as for planning non-invasive brain stimulation protocols for the rehabilitation.The dual-route models of action distinguish between a semantic and a non-semantic visuo-motor route to execute different types of gestures. Despite the large amount of evidence in support to the model, some aspects are debated. One issue concerns the recruitment of the visuo-motor route to correctly execute meaningful gestures when the semantic route is damaged. Debated predictions of the dual-route model were investigated in a sample of 32 patients with left hemisphere stroke lesions compared to 27 healthy controls. Group analysis showed that patients were equally impaired on meaningful and meaningless gestures. Single-case analysis demonstrated that most cases were more impaired on meaningful than on meaningless gestures both when they are given in separate lists and when they are intermingled. Impaired performance on the imitation of meaningful gestures in both the separate and mixed list but spared performance on meaningless gestures in the separate list is against the hypothesis that the intact visuo-motor route compensates for damage to the semantic route.
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