Notes

Evaluation of stats methods found in case study regarding disrupted period sequence scientific studies: a simulator study.
Psychosocial factors such as anxiety, fear and catastrophizing can modulate pain responses in a subject without structural problems. Thus, counseling and education in pain science can be an effective therapeutic method, especially with conditions of acute, as well as chronic, pain.

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Literature consistently identifies two key examination components when managing ankle/foot pathologies 1) dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) and 2) single limb balance. Mobilizations with movement (MWM) and Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue (IASTM) are two emerging manual therapy (MT) options in the management of ankle/foot conditions.

In this observational cohort study, 147 subjects were randomized in a block fashion as follows 1) Control, 2) IASTM, 3) MWM, and 4) Combination of both MT interventions. Descriptive statistics of the sample were conducted with integrity checks followed by comparative analysis for mean change between the variables or DFROM and YBTLQ ™ performance.

ANOVA Welch's F indicated significant differences between the treatment conditions (Welch's F (3,75.669)=4.533, p=.006). Games-Howell post hoc tests indicated significantly more change in DFROM in the IASTM (p=.043) and CKCMOB (p=.026) conditions when they were administered as single treatments, than in the Control Condition or when the treatments were combined. Dynamic balance, as measured by the YBT-LQ™, did not yield a significant response based on the intervention arm.

Specifically, IASTM or closed kinetic chain (CKC) MWM MT techniques used in isolation can be considered a cost-effective intervention that can be administered by a skilled MT practitioner in a "low risk-high reward" clinical scenario with potential biomechanical and neurophysiological benefits for improving CKCDFROM.
Specifically, IASTM or closed kinetic chain (CKC) MWM MT techniques used in isolation can be considered a cost-effective intervention that can be administered by a skilled MT practitioner in a "low risk-high reward" clinical scenario with potential biomechanical and neurophysiological benefits for improving CKCDFROM.
Although scapulocostal syndrome (SCS) and masticatory myofascial pain (MMP) occur in different regions, the concept of myofascial linkage and neurophysiology may be proven per the connection of the two disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between SCS and MMP on selected pain and functional parameters.

75 participants with SCS participated in the protocol. The diagnosis of SCS was considered by the presence of muscle referred pain in the medial scapular muscles. All participants were measured for pain intensity, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and craniovertebral angle (CV-angle) for pain and functional parameters related to SCS. They were measured for pain intensity, PPT, and mouth distance for the pain and functional parameters related to MMP. The diagnosis of MMP was considered by the presence of muscle tenderness of the masticatory muscle and the decreasing of mouth opening distance. The correlation between SCS and MMP was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's correlation.

Participants exhibiting SCS were diagnosed for MMP at 74.67%. The results showed positive correlations in pain intensity and PPT between SCS and MMP (r=0.367, r=0.478, p<0.01), PPT of SCS, and mouth distance amid both pain-free and maximum mouth opening conditions, respectively (r=0.290, r=0.282, p<0.05).

In conclusion, SCS and MMP present an association with each other in terms of both selected pain, and functional parameters. Thus, a treatment program for SCS patients should be concerned with the masticatory muscles even if they did not report any pain at the jaw area.
In conclusion, SCS and MMP present an association with each other in terms of both selected pain, and functional parameters. Thus, a treatment program for SCS patients should be concerned with the masticatory muscles even if they did not report any pain at the jaw area.This randomized, controlled, double-blinded study related the effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the orthostatic posture using the molar shim (MS) as a postural adjustment factor. Twenty individuals classified with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) were randomly assigned to a treated group (TG, n = 10) and placebo (PG, n = 10). The independent variables were MS and OMT of the TMJ. The dependent variables were DC-TMD data; local pressure pain using algometry; and orthostatic posture assessed by the distribution of plantar pressures (baropodometry), in the evaluation periods before and immediately after the interventions. Results pain did not show a statistically significant difference after the interventions. However, when comparing the Effect Size (ES) between the groups in the post-intervention moment, a moderate relationship was observed for the left trapezius muscle (0.51) and right and left TMJ (0.41 and 0.54 respectively). When correlating the pain and percentage of anteroposterior postural dislocation variables, a significant moderate inverse correlation was observed in the post-intervention moment. The results of the MS pointed to a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) of the average peak pressure (Medium P) during the use of the MS (503.4 ± 44.1 kgf/cm2) and after performing the OMT (516.5 ± 49.6 kgf/cm2), both for the TG compared to the pre intervention moment (519.3 ± 42.9 kgf/cm2). There is a correlation between TMJ and orthostatic posture. OMT of the TMJ influences orthostatic posture. The MS can be added to the evaluative context of TMD.
This study evaluated the electrical activities of the pelvic floor muscles in response to selected abdominal and hip adductor exercises, using the Kegel's maneuver as a gold standard, to compare the efficacies of these maneuvers in pelvic floor muscles recruitment to guide their informed utilization as adjuncts for Kegel's exercises.

Twenty-one postpartum mothers with recent vaginal deliveries performed six trials, including the typical Kegel's exercise; two abdominal exercises (curl-up and abdominal hollowing); two hip adductor exercises (adductor ball squeeze and auto-resisted hip adduction); and a combination of abdominal, hip adductor and pelvic floor muscle contractions (combo). Pelvic floor muscles activities were monitored via surface electromyography during each 5-s trial. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of one way ANOVA at p<0.05.

Generally, the pelvic floor muscles were statistically significantly (p<0.001) most active during the combo trial, compared to other trials. Comparing the two abdominals, Kegel's and combo trials, pelvic floor muscles activity was least during the curl-up contraction (p<0.001). On the other hand, Kegel's trial elicited the lowestpelvic floor muscles activity when compared with the combo and two adductor trials (p<0.001).

Abdominal and hip adductor exercises are recommended adjuncts of Kegel's exercise but the combo maneuver was the most effective in activating the pelvic floor muscles.
Abdominal and hip adductor exercises are recommended adjuncts of Kegel's exercise but the combo maneuver was the most effective in activating the pelvic floor muscles.
Low back pain is a major health issue in most industrialized countries. Lumbar fascia is supported as a potential source of pain in the lumbar region. Myofascial release is a manual therapeutic approach that focuses on restoring altered soft tissue function. On the other hand, one of the most commonly used physical therapy methods for low back pain is electrotherapy. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of lumbar Myofascial release and electrotherapy on clinical outcomes of Non-specific low back pain and elastic modulus of lumbar myofascial tissue.

Randomized, clinical trial.

Outpatient Low back pain clinic.

32 subjects with low back pain.

Subjects were randomized into the myofascial release group (n=16) and electrotherapy group(n=16). Subjects in the myofascial release group received 4 sessions of myofascial release in the lumbar region, and the electrotherapy group received 10 sessions of electrotherapy.

Low back pain severity, and elastic modulus of the lumbar myofascial tissue w fascia and the severity of low back pain are directly linked. Decreasing the elastic modulus after myofascial release can directly affect reducing low back pain.Mat Pilates has become an attractive alternative exercise among older women, however, despite knowing the importance of regular exercise, interrupting training is a common issue in this population. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of 6-weeks of detraining after a period of 12-weeks of training with Mat Pilates on the functional capacity and neuromuscular performance of the knee extensor muscles in older women. Ten older women (62.6 ± 2.6 years; 1.57 ± 0.05 m height; 69.3 ± 9.2 kg; 27.8 kg/m2 body mass index) volunteered to participate in this study. The study was divided into three periods a 4-week control period, followed by 12 weeks of Mat Pilates intervention, and a 6-week detraining period. During the intervention, the results showed significant improvements in functional capacity tests (time up and go, time up stairs, time down stairs, and chair sit-and-reach), rate of torque development, and impulse (p less then 0.05). After the detraining period, a decrease was observed in the chair sit-and-reach test (p less then 0.05) and contractile impulse at intervals 0-30 and 0-50 ms (p less then 0.05). MKI-1 We conclude that a 6-week detraining period after a Mat Pilates training protocol was sufficient to cause declines in the chair sit-and-reach test and in the contractile impulse of the knee extensors in the early phase of the torque-time curve (0-30 and 0-50 ms), but not in the other functional capacity tests and neuromuscular parameters evaluated.
The use of motor imagery (MI) has been shown to offer significant improvements in movement performance in sports, and is now receiving a lot of attention as a relatively new therapeutic approach which can be applied in rehabilitation. However, the effects of MI on the quality of movement is still unclear. This study explored the immediate effect of MI on reaching tasks in healthy subjects.

17 healthy individuals (33±8.2 years) participated in the study. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and inertial measurement units (IMU) were used to identify muscle activity and angular velocity in both upper limbs. Participants performed a reach task using their dominant and non-dominant arms at their most comfortable speed, they were then asked to imagine themselves performing the same reaching task, and finally they were asked to repeat the reaching task.

Significant decreases were seen in the muscle activity between pre and post MI for Biceps Brachii, Anterior Deltoid and Triceps Brachii. In addition, a significant increase was seen in extension angular velocity post MI.

The results indicate that the use of MI just after physical practice appears to have an immediate effect on the muscle activity and kinematics during a reaching task, which may suggest an improved quality of movement.

This proof of concept study shows the potential for MI to improve the quality of performing reaching task and offers a possible therapeutic option for Stroke survivors and other neuromuscular disorders.
This proof of concept study shows the potential for MI to improve the quality of performing reaching task and offers a possible therapeutic option for Stroke survivors and other neuromuscular disorders.
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