Notes

To bend without breaking: any qualitative study on management simply by medical professionals within Sierra Leone.
ethical, regulatory, and sociocultural concerns related to using data from mobile technologies in the East African region. this website A comprehensive framework that accounts for the critical concerns raised would be valuable for guiding the safe use of mobile technology data for public health research purposes.Constipation is a common complaint and challenge in the elderly. Methods such as acupressure and abdominal massage can be considered for the treatment of constipation in the elderly. This study aimed to compare the effect of abdominal massage and acupressure on constipation in healthy elderly women. In this study, 60 elderly women with constipation participated in two groups. The first group underwent acupressure for 3 minutes every day for 5 days, and the other group underwent classical abdominal massage for 15-20 minutes every day for 5 days. The two groups were followed for a month. Data collection tools included a demographic characteristics questionnaire, Rome III criteria, and constipation assessment scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS18 software. Following the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p > .05). But in the first month, the mean scores of constipation in the abdominal massage and acupressure groups were 6.30 ± 3.47 and 9.03 ± 3.84, respectively, which showed a significant difference between the two groups for that time period (p = .005). Although there was no significant difference between the two methods during the intervention, the severity of constipation did decrease in each group. Also, in the first month after individual intervention, a significant difference was observed between the two groups. We conclude that abdominal massage can be suggested as an applicable and simple method in the treatment of constipation for elderly women.
Racial and ethnic disparities in receipt of recommended colorectal cancer screening exist, however the impact of social determinants of health on such disparities has not been recently studied in a national cohort.

The objective of this study was to determine whether social determinants of health attenuate racial disparities in receipt of colorectal cancer screening.

Cross-sectional telephone survey of self-reported race and ethnicity and up-to-date colorectal cancer screening. Associations between race/ethnicity and colorectal cancer screening were tested before and after adjustment for demographics, behavioral factors, and social determinants of health.

This was a nationally representative telephone survey of USA residents in 2018.

The patients were USA residents aged 50-75 years.

Up-to-date colorectal cancer screening status, according to 2008 U.S. Preventative Services Task Force recommendations.

This study included 226,106 respondents aged 50 to 75 years. Prior to adjustment, all minority rAdjustment for social determinants of health reduced racial and ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer screening among all minority racial and ethnic groups except non-Hispanic Asian individuals; however, other unmeasured confounders likely exist. See Video Abstract at http//links.lww.com/DCR/B977.It is unknown whether visual memory capacity can develop if onset of pattern vision is delayed for several years following birth. We had an opportunity to address this question through our work with an unusual population of 12 congenitally blind individuals ranging in age from 8 to 22 years. After providing them with sight surgery, we longitudinally evaluated their visual memory capacity using an image-memorization task. Our findings revealed poor visual memory capacity soon after surgery but significant improvement in subsequent months. Although there may be limits to this improvement, performance 1 year after surgery was found to be comparable with that of control participants with matched visual acuity. These findings provide evidence for plasticity of visual memory mechanisms into late childhood but do not rule out vulnerability to early deprivation. Our computational simulations suggest that a potential mechanism to account for changes in memory performance may be progressive representational elaboration in image encoding.In this paper, the performance of more than 40 popular or recently developed density functionals is assessed for the calculation of 463 vertical excitation energies against the large and accurate QuestDB benchmark set. For this purpose, the Tamm-Dancoff approximation offers a good balance between computational efficiency and accuracy. The functionals ωB97X-D and BMK are found to offer the best performance overall with a root-mean square error (RMSE) of around 0.27 eV, better than the computationally more demanding CIS(D) wave function method with a RMSE of 0.36 eV. The results also suggest that Jacob's ladder still holds for time-dependent density functional theory excitation energies, though hybrid meta generalized-gradient approximations (meta-GGAs) are not generally better than hybrid GGAs. Effects of basis set convergence, gauge invariance correction to meta-GGAs, and nonlocal correlation (VV10) are also studied, and practical basis set recommendations are provided.This analysis highlights the evolution of the theory of maternal role attainment. Reva Rubin established the foundation for theory of maternal role attainment in her 1967 article. In 2004, Ramona Mercer made the argument to change the name from maternal role attainment to becoming a mother. In this analysis, recommendations are made to further develop this theory including updated theoretical models. This theory remains relevant to nursing, especially to nurses working with families during this transitionary time.Lipoteichoic acid synthase (LtaS) is a key enzyme for the cell wall biosynthesis of Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria that lack lipoteichoic acid (LTA) exhibit impaired cell division and growth defects. Thus, LtaS appears to be an attractive antimicrobial target. The pharmacology around LtaS remains largely unexplored with only two small-molecule LtaS inhibitors reported, namely "compound 1771" and the Congo red dye. Structure-based drug discovery efforts against LtaS remain unattempted due to the lack of an inhibitor-bound structure of LtaS. To address this, we combined the use of a molecular docking technique with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to model a plausible binding mode of compound 1771 to the extracellular catalytic domain of LtaS (eLtaS). The model was validated using alanine mutagenesis studies combined with isothermal titration calorimetry. Additionally, lead optimization driven by our computational model resulted in an improved version of compound 1771, namely, compound 4 which showed greater affinity for binding to eLtaS than compound 1771 in biophysical assays. Compound 4 reduced LTA production in S. aureus dose-dependently, induced aberrant morphology as seen for LTA-deficient bacteria, and significantly reduced bacteria titers in the lung of mice infected with S. aureus. Analysis of our MD simulation trajectories revealed the possible formation of a transient cryptic pocket in eLtaS. Virtual screening (VS) against the cryptic pocket led to the identification of a new class of inhibitors that could potentiate β-lactams against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Our overall workflow and data should encourage further drug design campaign against LtaS. Finally, our work reinforces the importance of considering protein conformational flexibility to a successful VS endeavor.Rationale E-cigarette- or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) was first identified in 2019. The long-term respiratory, cognitive, mood disorder, and vaping behavior outcomes of patients with EVALI remain unknown. Objectives To determine the long-term respiratory, cognitive, mood disorder, and vaping behavior outcomes of patients with EVALI. Methods We prospectively enrolled patients with EVALI from two health systems. We assessed outcomes at 1 year after onset of EVALI using validated instruments measuring cognitive function, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, respiratory disability, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection, pulmonary function, and vaping behaviors. We used multivariable regression to identify risk factors of post-EVALI vaping behaviors and to identify whether admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) was associated with cognitive, respiratory, or mood symptoms. Results Seventy-three patients completed 12-month follow-up. Most patients were male (66.7%), young (mean age, 31 ± 11 yr), and White (85%) and did not need admission to the ICU (59%). At 12 months, 39% (25 of 64) had cognitive impairment, whereas 48% (30 of 62) reported respiratory limitations. Mood disorders were common, with 59% (38 of 64) reporting anxiety and/or depression and 62% (39 of 63) having post-traumatic stress. Four (6.4%) of 64 reported a history of COVID-19 infection. Despite the history of EVALI, many people continued to vape. Only 38% (24 of 64) reported quitting all vaping and smoking behaviors. Younger age was associated with reduced vaping behavior after EVALI (odds ratio, 0.93; P = 0.02). ICU admission was not associated with cognitive impairment, dyspnea, or mood symptoms. Conclusions Patients with EVALI, despite their youth, commonly have significant long-term respiratory disability; cognitive impairment; symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress; and persistent vaping.
Coevolution of tumor cells and adjacent stromal elements is a key feature during tumor progression; however, the precise regulatory mechanisms during this process remain unknown. Here, we show stromal p53 loss enhances oncogenic KrasG12D, but not ErbB2, driven tumorigenesis in murine mammary epithelia. Stroma-specific p53 deletion increases both epithelial and fibroblast proliferation in mammary glands bearing the KrasG12D oncogene in epithelia, while concurrently increasing DNA damage and/or DNA replication stress and decreasing apoptosis in the tumor cells proper. Normal epithelia was not affected by stromal p53 deletion. Tumors with p53-null stroma had a significant decrease in total, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells; however, there was a significant increase in myeloid-derived suppressor cells, total macrophages, and M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages, with no impact on angiogenesis or connective tissue deposition. Stroma-specific p53 deletion reprogrammed gene expression in both fibroblasts and adjacent epithelium, with p53 targets and chemokine receptors/chemokine signaling pathways in fibroblasts and DNA replication, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis in epithelia being the most significantly impacted biological processes. A gene cluster in p53-deficient mouse fibroblasts was negatively associated with patient survival when compared with two independent datasets. In summary, stroma-specific p53 loss promotes mammary tumorigenesis in an oncogene-specific manner, influences the tumor immune landscape, and ultimately impacts patient survival.

Expression of the p53 tumor suppressor in breast cancer tumor stroma regulates tumorigenesis in an oncogene-specific manner, influences the tumor immune landscape, and ultimately impacts patient survival.
Expression of the p53 tumor suppressor in breast cancer tumor stroma regulates tumorigenesis in an oncogene-specific manner, influences the tumor immune landscape, and ultimately impacts patient survival.
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