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Further, it affirms the potency of PBL.
These signs of bacterial inactivation at a dose deliberately selected to be sub-lethal supports our previous finding that rapid depolarization of bacterial cell membrane and disruption of cellular function comprise another mechanism underlying photo-inactivation of bacteria. TEPP-46 mouse Further, it affirms the potency of PBL.
To explore the recovery experience of patients who completed medical treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC).

The study conducted interviews with a strategic sample of 12 patients at an oncology clinic. Interview data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis with a deductive approach based on transition theory.

The transition theory coding frame for patients' descriptions of their recovery process produced four categories properties, personal conditions, process indicators, and outcome indicators. Personal conditions, such as cultural beliefs and attitudes, impact the outcome of recovery, and necessitate interaction throughout the care chain using the person-centered care approach to help survivors master their changed living conditions during recovery after HNC. The transition was described as a journey out of a dark period characterized by a struggle with the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation treatment.

This study highlighted the use of person-centered care to facilitate transition in the recovery phase, supported by an intra-professional team that collaborates during the care chain (primary care to hospital care). Patient education and self-care are tools that improve the transition from illness to everyday life.
This study highlighted the use of person-centered care to facilitate transition in the recovery phase, supported by an intra-professional team that collaborates during the care chain (primary care to hospital care). Patient education and self-care are tools that improve the transition from illness to everyday life.
To understand the phenomenon of communication related to knowing the diagnosis and prognosis, by exploring the perspectives of patients with advanced cancer and those of their caregivers, physicians and nurses.

Drawing upon a multi-perspective design, a total of 27 semi-structured interviews involving four different groups of stakeholders (7 patients, 7 caregivers, 6 physicians, and 7 nurses) -who were linked by a carer-cared relationship-were conducted in two Oncology Departments of two Italian hospitals. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to interpret the participants' narratives.

Two overarching themes were identified The first theme "the «what is it?» and the «what will happen to me?»" illustrates the two different paths of communication of diagnosis and prognosis. The second theme "Matching and mismatching in identifying the others as speakers" shows that not each of the four parties recognizes the others as reciprocal speakers on topics related to diagnosis and prognosis, although a related communication, and the descriptions and perceptions of the nurse's role reported by the other participants. Understanding how the different groups of stakeholders reciprocally interact and influence each other, can help to identify potential positive resources and detect hindrance in the implementation of an effective patient-centered approach, while avoiding silo cultures.
We aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio (CAR), which are obtained from the first laboratory values of the elderly patients at admission to the emergency department (ED), in predicting in-hospital mortality.

This retrospective observational study includes the patients aged 65 and above who applied to the emergency department for two months. The patients' neutrophil, lymphocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, NLR and CAR values were recorded. Statistical analysis of NLR and CAR values was performed according to in-hospital mortality and ED outcome.

784 patients were included in the statistical analysis of the study. Increased NLR (8.82 (4.16-16.63), 4.76 (2.62-8.56), p˂0.001) and increased CAR (21.39 (6.02-55.07), 4.82 (1.17-17.03), p<0.001) values were found to be statistically significant in the group with mortality compared to the group without mortality. Increased NLR (AUC 0.642) and increased CAR (AUC 0.723) were a predictor of in-hospital mortality. It was found that in-hospital mortality risk in patients with concurrent high NLR and CAR values (CAR˃12.3, NLR˃7.1) was 9.87 times more than the patients with concurrent low NLR and CAR values (CAR<12.3, NLR<7.1). NLR and CAR values of the patients hospitalized in intensive care and service (NLR 7.21 (4.07-13.36), 5.77 (3.45-11.22); CAR 12.65 (2.79-36.8), 9.56 (1.74-33.97)) were found to be statistically significantly higher than those who were discharged (NLR 3.64 (2.26-7.02); CAR 2.88 (0.9-10.59)).

According to our results, the concurrent high levels of NLR and CAR values were found to be more effective in predicting in-hospital mortality compared to a separate evaluation.
According to our results, the concurrent high levels of NLR and CAR values were found to be more effective in predicting in-hospital mortality compared to a separate evaluation.
COVID-19 created lifestyle changes, and induced a fear of contagion affecting people's decisions regarding seeking medical assistance. Concern surrounding contagion and the pandemic has been found to affect the number and type of medical emergencies to which Emergency Medical Services (EMS) have responded.

To identify, categorize, and analyze Magen David Adom (MDA), Israel's national EMS, pre-hospital activities including patients' refusal to hospital transport, during the COVID-19 pandemic crises.

A comparative before and after design study of MDA incidents during March/April 2019 and March/April 2020. Medical type, frequency, demographic, location, and transport refusal proportions and outcomes were analyzed.

A decrease of 2.6% in the total volume of incidents was observed during March and April 2020 compared with the equivalent period in 2019. This contrasted with the retrospective trend of annually increase observed through 2016-2019. Medical categories showing increase in 2020 were infectious disic times, will allow EMS to assist patients safely, either by reducing truly unnecessary ED visits minimizing contagion or by increasing hospital transports for patients in urgent or emergent conditions.
Many victims of drowning fatalities are lay-people attempting to rescue another. This review aims to identify the safest techniques and equipment (improved or purpose made) for an untrained bystander to use when attempting a water rescue.

A sample of 249 papers were included after the bibliographic search, in which 19 were finally selected following PRISMA methodology and 3 peer review proceeding presented at international conferences. A total of 22 documents were added to qualitative synthesis.

Geographical location, economic level, physical fitness, or experience may vary the profile of the lay-rescuers and how to safely perform a water rescue. Four lay-rescuers profiles were identified 1) Children rescuing children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), 2) Adults rescuing adults or children, 3) Lay-people with some experience and rescue training, 4) Lay-people with cultural or professional motivations. Three types of techniques used by those lay-rescuers profiles a) non-contact techniques for rto a safer rescue. Training strategies for lay-people should be considered.
Longer prehospital times were associated with increased odds for survival in trauma patients. The purpose of this study was to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected emergency medical services (EMS) prehospital times for trauma patients.

This retrospective cohort study compared trauma patients transported via EMS to six US level I trauma centers admitted 1/1/19-12/31/19 (2019) and 3/16/20-6/30/20 (COVID-19). Outcomes included total EMS pre-hospital time (dispatch to hospital arrival), injury to dispatch time, response time (dispatch to scene arrival), on-scene time (scene arrival to scene departure), and transportation time (scene departure to hospital arrival). Fisher's exact, chi-squared, or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used, alpha=0.05. All times are presented as median (IQR) minutes.

There were 9400 trauma patients transported by EMS 79% in 2019 and 21% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients were similar in demographics and transportation mode. Emergency room deaths were also similar between 2019 and COVID-19 [0.6% vs. 0.9%, p=0.13].There were no differences between 2019 and during COVID-19 for total EMS prehospital time [44 (33, 63) vs. 43 (33, 62), p=0.12], time from injury to dispatch [16 (6, 55) vs. 16 (7, 77), p=0.41], response time [7 (5, 12) for both groups, p=0.27], or on-scene time [16 (12-22) vs. 17 (12,22), p=0.31]. Compared to 2019, transportation time was significantly shorter during COVID-19 [18 (13, 28) vs. 17 (12, 26), p=0.01].

The median transportation time for trauma patients was marginally significantly shorter during COVID-19; otherwise, EMS prehospital times were not significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The median transportation time for trauma patients was marginally significantly shorter during COVID-19; otherwise, EMS prehospital times were not significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Video call based dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (V-DACPR) has been suggested to improve the quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In the current system, dispatchers must convert the audio calls to video calls to provide V-DACPR. We aimed to develop new audio call-to-video call transition protocols and test its efficacy and safety compared to conventional DACPR(C-DACPR).

This was a randomized controlled simulation trial that compared the quality of bystander chest compression that was performed under three different DACPR protocols C-DACPR, V-DACPR with rapid transition, and V-DACPR with delayed transition. Adult volunteers excluding healthcare providers were recruited for the trial. The primary outcome of the study was the mean proportion of adequate hand positioning during chest compression.

Simulation results of 131 volunteers were analyzed. The mean proportion of adequate hand positioning was highest in V-DACPR with rapid transition (V-DACPR with rapid transition vs. C-DACPR 92.7% vs. 82.4%, p=0.03). The mean chest compression depth was deeper in both V-DACPR groups than in the C-DACPR group (V-DACPR with rapid transition vs. C-DACPR 40.7mm vs. 35.9mm, p=0.01, V-DACPR with delayed transition vs. C- DACPR 40.9mm vs. 35.9mm, p=0.01). Improvement in the proportion of adequate hand positioning was observed in the V-DACPR groups (r=0.25, p<0.01 for rapid transition and r=0.19, p<0.01 for delayed transition).

Participants in the V-DACPR groups performed higher quality chest compression with higher appropriate hand positioning and deeper compression depth compared to the C-DACPR group.
Participants in the V-DACPR groups performed higher quality chest compression with higher appropriate hand positioning and deeper compression depth compared to the C-DACPR group.
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