Notes

Assessment of the degrees of Twenty-five(OH) supplement D3 in women along with gestational diabetes mellitus and normoglycemic expecting mothers.
Obstructive sleep apnea is a disorder of repetitive complete or partial airway obstruction during sleep. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of alveolar cleft reconstruction on the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) condition and apnea/hypopnea index (AHI).

In a double-blinded prospective quasi-experimental study, all healthy systemic children (n=30 female cleft patients) with unilateral alveolar cleft defects within the age range of 8-14 years and BMI less than 30 kg/m
who admitted for alveolar cleft repair were enrolled. OSA monitoring was performed one week before surgery, and 3 months postoperatively by Apnea Link device. Sleep apnea indices such as AHI, respiratory disturbance index (RDI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) as well as pulse rate (PR) and respiratory rate (RR) were the variables.

The patients' mean age was 11.0±1.4 years, and BMI average was 21.48±4.4 kg/m
. Mean AHI was 21.6±5.0 events/hour, preoperatively; which decreased significantly and reached 4.4±2.5 events/hour after alveolar cleft reconstruction surgery (
=0.005). Moreover, the other OSA variables (SpO2, RDI, and ODI), as well as vital signs (PR, and RR) improved postoperatively (
=0.005). In other words, the preoperative moderate OSA status relieved after alveolar cleft repair and reconstruction.

Our study showed that the OSA and AHI ameliorated after bone graft surgery in alveolar cleft repair. More clinical trials including larger sample sizes may be required for relevancy.
Our study showed that the OSA and AHI ameliorated after bone graft surgery in alveolar cleft repair. More clinical trials including larger sample sizes may be required for relevancy.
There are different questionnaires and approaches to evaluate the outcome of rhinoplasty operations. A short questionnaire, which can be completed in less than 2 minutes, is the Utrecht questionnaire that consists of a visual analogue scale (VAS) and five multiple-choice questions. In this study, we have translated the questionnaire in Persian and evaluated its reliability and validity.

Patients undergoing aesthetic rhinoplasty surgery in Firoozgar Hospital from January to March 2019 were enrolled. The questionnaire was translated to Persian and backward translated to English by independent medical extern Persian speakers with complete English proficiency. The internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha, repeatability by Student
test of test-retest 4 weeks and 12 weeks follow-up post-operatively, and validity by comparing pre- and post- operative results.

Thirty patients were included in the analysis. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.925 as a marker for internal consistency. The test-retest was acceptable for all the questions accordingly (
>0.05). The p values for pre- vs. post-operative tests were also significant for either all of the questions and the sum score.

The translated questionnaire was internally consistent and repeatable. The questionnaire also seems to be valid for all questions and the sum score. According to our analysis, the translated Persian version of the Utrecht questionnaire seems to be internally consistence, reliable in test-retest analysis, and valid due to a pre-post operational analysis.
The translated questionnaire was internally consistent and repeatable. SR-25990C P2 Receptor modulator The questionnaire also seems to be valid for all questions and the sum score. According to our analysis, the translated Persian version of the Utrecht questionnaire seems to be internally consistence, reliable in test-retest analysis, and valid due to a pre-post operational analysis.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) CG74 has set out evidence-based guidance on which types of surgery require antibiotic prophylaxis. Our aim was to establish what the current practice for antibiotic prophylaxis in Dupuytren's surgery is amongst hand surgeons in the United Kingdom, through the British Society for Surgery of the Hand (BSSH).

Permission was granted for our online survey to be distributed to BSSH hand surgeons via consecutive BSSH e-bulletins. Hand surgeons who did not perform fasciectomy or dermofasciectomy were excluded from the study.

There were 64 respondents, represented an estimated 7.4-7.8% of membership. Eleven percent of respondents used antibiotics for fasciectomy, with an increasing trend towards revision surgery and dermofasciectomy. Over 30% prescribed them for revision dermofasciectomy. Dupuytren's surgery was classified as clean, non-prosthetic and uncomplicated which NICE CG74 suggestions did not require antibiotic prophylaxis.

This study highlighted variation in practice amongst hand surgeons in the United Kingdom. Further consultation to create guidelines for hand surgery may help guide members and reduce potentially unnecessary prophylactic antibiotic use.
This study highlighted variation in practice amongst hand surgeons in the United Kingdom. Further consultation to create guidelines for hand surgery may help guide members and reduce potentially unnecessary prophylactic antibiotic use.
Several methods have been used to decrease the periorbital edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of hirudoid and dexamethasone in reduction of the periorbital edema and ecchymosis.

Sixty patients who underwent primary rhinoplasty were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group H received hirudoid cream, 3 times per day for 5 days from postoperative-day (POD). Group D received 10 mg of dexamethasone IV, immediately before surgery; and group C (control) received neither dexamethasone nor hirudoid. Two surgeons who were unaware of administered medications rated the severity of edema and intensity of ecchymosis, on 2
, 5
, and 7
POD.

On 2
POD, the edema in group D was significantly lower than groups H and C; but there was no significant difference in severity and intensity of ecchymosis between 3 groups. On 7
POD, the intensity of ecchymosis was significantly lower in group H in comparison to group C. When the difference between 2
and 7
POD was evaluated, the resolution of severity of edema and intensity of ecchymosis was significantly better in group H (
<0.001).

Hirudoid was shown to be effective in reducing edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty. The use of dexamethasone was effective in prevention of periorbital edema at early postoperative days, but it was not effective on resolution of ecchymosis.
Hirudoid was shown to be effective in reducing edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty. The use of dexamethasone was effective in prevention of periorbital edema at early postoperative days, but it was not effective on resolution of ecchymosis.
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