Notes

An Observational Review to judge Organization Among Velopharyngeal Structure and also Presentation Outcomes inside Grown-up People Together with Extreme Velopharyngeal Insufficiency.
We characterize one-dimensional Euclidean preference profiles with a small number of alternatives and voters. We show that every single-peaked preference profile with two voters is one-dimensional Euclidean, and that every preference profile with up to five alternatives is one-dimensional Euclidean if and only if it is both single-peaked and single-crossing. By the work of Chen et al. (Social Choice and Welfare 48(2)409-432, 2017), we thus obtain that the smallest single-peaked and single-crossing preference profiles that are not one-dimensional Euclidean consist of three voters and six alternatives.Drying of porous media is governed by a combination of evaporation and movement of the liquid phase within the porous structure. Contact angle hysteresis induced by surface roughness is shown to influence multi-phase flows, such as contact line motion of droplet, phase distribution during drainage and coffee ring formed after droplet drying in constant contact radius mode. However, the influence of contact angle hysteresis on liquid drying in porous media is still an unanswered question. Lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) is an advanced numerical approach increasingly used to study phase change problems including drying. In this paper, based on a geometric formulation scheme to prescribe contact angle, we implement a contact angle hysteresis model within the framework of a two-phase pseudopotential LBM. The capability and accuracy of prescribing and automatically measuring contact angles over a large range are tested and validated by simulating droplets sitting on flat and curved surfaces. Afterward, the proposed contact angle hysteresis model is validated by modeling droplet drying on flat and curved surfaces. Then, drying of two connected capillary tubes is studied, considering the influence of different contact angle hysteresis ranges on drying dynamics. Finally, the model is applied to study drying of a dual-porosity porous medium, where phase distribution and drying rate are compared with and without contact angle hysteresis. The proposed model is shown to be capable of dealing with different contact angle hysteresis ranges accurately and of capturing the physical mechanisms during drying in different porous media including flat and curved geometries.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11242-021-01644-9.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11242-021-01644-9.I use a mechanical model of a soft body to study the dynamics of an individual fluid droplet in a random, non-wettable porous medium. The model of droplet relies on the spring-mass system with pressure. I run hundreds of independent simulations. I average droplets trajectories and calculate the averaged tortuosity of the porous domain. Results show that porous media tortuosity increases with decreasing porosity, similar to single-phase fluid study, but the form of this relationship is different.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11242-021-01705-z.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11242-021-01705-z.In this article we present an ongoing effort to formalise quantum algorithms and results in quantum information theory using the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL. Formal methods being critical for the safety and security of algorithms and protocols, we foresee their widespread use for quantum computing in the future. We have developed a large library for quantum computing in Isabelle based on a matrix representation for quantum circuits, successfully formalising the no-cloning theorem, quantum teleportation, Deutsch's algorithm, the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm and the quantum Prisoner's Dilemma. We discuss the design choices made and report on an outcome of our work in the field of quantum game theory.Managed grasslands have the potential to store carbon (C) and partially mitigate climate change. However, it remains difficult to predict potential C storage under a given soil or management practice. To study C storage dynamics due to long-term (1952-2009) phosphorus (P) fertilizer and irrigation treatments in New Zealand grasslands, we measured radiocarbon (14C) in archived soil along with observed changes in C stocks to constrain a compartmental soil model. Productivity increases from P application and irrigation in these trials resulted in very similar C accumulation rates between 1959 and 2009. The ∆14C changes over the same time period were similar in plots that were both irrigated and fertilized, and only differed in a non-irrigated fertilized plot. Model results indicated that decomposition rates of fast cycling C (0.1 to 0.2 year-1) increased to nearly offset increases in inputs. With increasing P fertilization, decomposition rates also increased in the slow pool (0.005 to 0.008 year-1). Our findings show sustained, significant (i.e. greater than 4 per mille) increases in C stocks regardless of treatment or inputs. As the majority of fresh inputs remain in the soil for less than 10 years, these long term increases reflect dynamics of the slow pool. Additionally, frequent irrigation was associated with reduced stocks and increased decomposition of fresh plant material. Rates of C gain and decay highlight trade-offs between productivity, nutrient availability, and soil C sequestration as a climate change mitigation strategy.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10533-021-00838-z.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10533-021-00838-z.Despite their relevance in mathematical biology, there are, as yet, few general results about the asymptotic behaviour of measure valued solutions of renewal equations on the basis of assumptions concerning the kernel. We characterise, via their kernels, a class of renewal equations whose measure-valued solution can be expressed in terms of the solution of a scalar renewal equation. The asymptotic behaviour of the solution of the scalar renewal equation, is studied via Feller's classical renewal theorem and, from it, the large time behaviour of the solution of the original renewal equation is derived.Mature embryos of einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and bread (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat were used for callus induction on media containing four different doses (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg L-1) of 2,4-D and dicamba supplemented with five different boron concentrations (0, 6.2, 12.4, 24.8, and 37.2 mg L-1). The obtained callus was transferred to culture media with three (0, 0.5, and 2 mg L-1) different BAP doses with five boron concentrations for further regeneration. The maximum callus weight in einkorn wheat was in culture media with 1 mg L-1 dicamba and 6.2 mg L-1 (3.71 ± 0.13 g). Bread wheat had the maximum callus weight on culture media with 4 mg L-1 dicamba and 12.4 mg L-1 (3.46 ± 0.40 g). The highest plantlet numbers were in only 2 mg L-1 BAP (2.92 ± 0.88) for einkorn wheat and 0.5 mg L-1 BAP supplemented with 6.2 mg L-1 boron (3.71 ± 1.12) for bread wheat. This indirect regeneration protocol using mature embryos of einkorn and bread wheat under boron stresses expected to be useful for future wheat breeding studies.Lifestyles are a long-theorized aspect of social inequalities that root individual behaviors in social group differences. Although the health lifestyle construct is an important advance for understanding social inequalities and health behaviors, research has not theorized or investigated the longitudinal development of health lifestyles from infancy through the transition to school. This study documented children's longitudinal health lifestyle pathways, articulated and tested a theoretical framework of health lifestyle development in early life, and assessed associations with kindergarten cognition, socioemotional behavior, and health. Latent class analyses identified health lifestyle pathways using the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; N≈6,550). Children's health lifestyle pathways were complex, combining healthier and unhealthier behaviors and changing with age. Social background prior to birth was associated with health lifestyle pathways, as were parents' resources, health behaviors, and non-health-focused parenting. Developing health lifestyle pathways were related to kindergarten cognition, behavior, and health net of social background and other parent influences. Thus, family context is important for the development of complex health lifestyle pathways across early childhood, which have implications for school preparedness and thus for social inequalities and well-being throughout life. Developing health lifestyles both reflect and reproduce social inequalities across generations.This study investigates how the probability to live alone has developed among working age individuals with and without disabilities in Sweden during the period 1993-2011 when extensive political reforms to improve the integration of disabled individuals in society were implemented. The results show that individuals with disabilities are approximately twice as likely to be living alone when compared to individuals without disabilities. People with disabilities were also more likely to report low life satisfaction, and this was especially true among individuals with disabilities living alone. Men and women with disabilities also tend to experience longer periods of living as a one-person household than non-disabled people. Over time we find no indications of reduced differences in family outcomes between disabled and non-disabled individuals but rather evidence to the contrary. STAT inhibitor These differences are interpreted as being the result of the disadvantage disabled individual's experience in the partner market and that people with disabilities are less successful in forming partnerships that can lead to cohabitation and family formation. The results thus show how disabled individuals still face societal barriers that limit their possibilities to find and sustain relationships that result in stable cohabitation despite increased efforts to improve their inclusion in Swedish society.Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes have posed a major health issue for the public, such as the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic. In recent years, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is emerging as an effective and unbiased method for monitoring public health. Despite its increasing importance, the advancement of WBE requires more competent and streamlined analytical platforms. Herein we discuss the interactions between WBE and droplet microfluidics, focusing on the analysis of pathogens in droplets, which is hard to be tackled by traditional analytical tools. We highlight research works from three aspects, namely, quantitation of pathogen biomarkers in droplets, single-cell analysis in droplets, and living cell biosensors in droplets, as well as providing future perspectives on the synergy between WBE and droplet microfluidics.The 43rd meeting of the Upper Midwest Neuro-Ophthalmology Group (UMNOG) took place on July 23, 2021. For the second sequential year, the meeting was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The meeting was held in the honour of the late Ivy Dreizin MD. Ninety people attended virtually marking the highest UMNOG meeting attendance on record. There were 23 podium presentations interspersed with numerous personal testimonials recognising Dr Dreizin and her immense contributions to the UMNOG community.
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