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The particular predictive strength of pollination syndromes: Passerine pollination within heterantherous Meriania macrophylla (Benth.) Triana (Melastomataceae).
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The given name and family name of the fourth author Saaraaken Kulenthiran were switched in the original publication.After more than 10 years of experience with the femtosecond laser in cataract surgery, it can be concluded that the safety profile of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) is comparable to that of conventional cataract surgery. This technique offers the possibility to perform incisions with a precision superior to that of any surgeon in the world, based on the connection of preoperative and intraoperative diagnostics. This results in new possibilities to revolutionize the surgical procedure of cataract surgery and to generate new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cataracts. The combination of keratotomy for correcting astigmatism, intraocular lenses supported by capsulotomy and individually adapted fragmentation patterns is already a component of a personalized cataract surgery.BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint is a common and painful affliction that can be diagnosed using conventional X‑ray imaging as well as arthroscopy and if necessary treated; however, the X‑ray classification often does not sufficiently demonstrate the cartilage damage found in arthroscopy. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of conventional X‑ray imaging compared to arthroscopy for osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint. MATERIAL AND METHODS The preoperative conventional X‑ray images of 23 patients were presented to 10 experienced hand surgeons who were blinded to the arthroscopy results. Their ratings were compared to the results found with arthroscopy. RESULTS Of the patients 11 were found to have grade 4 cartilage lesions according to the Outerbridge classification, 8 grade 3 lesions, 4 grade 2 lesions and no grade 1 lesions. Overall, 43% (95% confidence interval, CI 37-49%) of the cartilage lesions were diagnosed correctly using conventional X‑rays. For grade 4 lesions 73% (95% CI 65-81%) of the surgeons made the correct diagnosis, in the case of grade 3 lesions 38% (95% CI 27-49%) and in grade 2 lesions 13% (95% CI 3-23%). CONCLUSION This study presents an arthroscopy classification system that is specific for osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint and provides an additional method of assessment if the X‑ray grading of osteoarthritis according to Eaton and Littler is too unspecific. Arthroscopy can be used to safely differentiate the treatment-relevant stage and also includes treatment options.OBJECTIVES To assess the impact on image quality and dose reduction of a new deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm compared with a hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm. METHODS Data acquisitions were performed at seven dose levels (CTDIvol 15/10/7.5/5/2.5/1/0.5 mGy) using a standard phantom designed for image quality assessment. Raw data were reconstructed using the filtered back projection (FBP), two levels of IR (ASiR-V50% (AV50); ASiR-V100% (AV100)), and three levels of DLIR (TrueFidelity™ low, medium, high). Noise power spectrum (NPS) and task-based transfer function (TTF) were computed. Detectability index (d') was computed to model a large mass in the liver, a small calcification, and a small subtle lesion with low contrast. RESULTS NPS peaks were higher with AV50 than with all DLIR levels and only higher with DLIR-H than with AV100. The average NPS spatial frequencies were higher with DLIR than with IR. Compound 3 solubility dmso For all DLIR levels, TTF50% obtained with DLIR was higher than that with IR. d' was higher with DLIR than with AV50 but lower with DLIR-L and DLIR-M than with AV100. d' values were higher with DLIR-H than with AV100 for the small low-contrast lesion (10 ± 4%) and in the same range for the other simulated lesions. CONCLUSIONS New DLIR algorithm reduced noise and improved spatial resolution and detectability without changing the noise texture. Images obtained with DLIR seem to indicate a greater potential for dose optimization than those with hybrid IR. KEY POINTS • This study assessed the impact on image quality and radiation dose of a new deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm as compared with hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm. • The new DLIR algorithm reduced noise and improved spatial resolution and detectability without perceived alteration of the texture, commonly reported with IR. • As compared with IR, DLIR seems to open further possibility of dose optimization.OBJECTIVES The clinical presentation of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) can overlap and the conditions may co-exist. The purpose of our study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of concomitant CVI in patients with PAD examined with run-off MR angiography (MRA). METHODS We analysed 180 patients (median age 69 years, range 27 to 91) with known or suspected PAD who underwent MRA at our institution between 2012 and 2018. MRA datasets were re-evaluated for manifestations of CVI. Electronic charts were reviewed to analyse whether diagnosis of CVI was documented and to determine Fontaine stage of PAD. RESULTS Evidence of possible CVI on MRA was found in 38 (21%) patients. Only seven (18%) of these patients had a documented diagnosis of CVI. Patients with co-existing PAD and CVI were more likely obese (median BMI 29.7 vs. 26.3 kg/m2, p = 0.001) and diabetic (55 vs. 35%, p = 0.039) than patients without CVI. The frequency of concomitant CVI manifestations decreased from distal to proximal with the lower leg affected in all 38 patients and the thigh in 17 patients (45%). Patients with co-existing PAD and CVI were more likely to have a clinical diagnosis of stage IV PAD than patients without co-existing CVI (57% vs. 34%, relative risk 1.68, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Signs of possible concomitant CVI can be seen in approximately one-fifth of patients with known or suspected PAD examined with run-off MRA. If present, these findings should be reported since CVI may mimic or contribute to symptoms attributed to PAD. KEY POINTS • In total, 21% of patients with PAD patients examined with MR angiography show signs of possible co-existing CVI. • Patients with co-existing CVI were 1.7-fold more likely to have a clinical diagnosis of stage IV PAD. • Our data also showed that co-existing chronic venous insufficiency is under-diagnosed in patients with PAD.
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