Notes

Structural Reports Providing Observations directly into Manufacturing as well as Conformational Habits of Amyloid-β Peptide Related to Alzheimer's Advancement.
To investigate the relationship between cardiac function and extubation readiness in infants using speckle tracking echocardiography.

Cardiac function combined with established clinical parameters may better identify readiness for extubation.

Pilot prospective observational study.

Mechanically ventilated infants were included.

Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography immediately before extubation. Systolic and diastolic function in the left (LV) and right ventricles (RV) were assessed by measurement of longitudinal strain (LS), and circumferential strain (CS) in the LV only. Pulmonary artery pressures were assessed using the velocity of tricuspid regurgitation jet (TR), septal position, and end-systolic eccentricity index (EI ES). Cases who extubated successfully (Group 1) were compared to cases who required reintubation (Group 2).

Twenty-five cases were included. LV CS and RV LS were significantly lower in those who required reintubation (Group 2) compared to those who were successfully extubated (Group 1) (LV CS, -21 (12)% vs. -33 (3)%, p = .001; RV LS -19 (2.7)% vs. -20 (2.5)%, p = .04). TRwas absent in all cases. The septal shape was normal in 18 cases (72%), displaced to the left in 7 (28%) cases. No significant differences were found in LV EI ES between groups.
Twenty-five cases were included. LV CS and RV LS were significantly lower in those who required reintubation (Group 2) compared to those who were successfully extubated (Group 1) (LV CS, -21 (12)% vs. buy INF195 -33 (3)%, p = .001; RV LS -19 (2.7)% vs. -20 (2.5)%, p = .04). TR was absent in all cases. The septal shape was normal in 18 cases (72%), displaced to the left in 7 (28%) cases. No significant differences were found in LV EI ES between groups.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every facet of society, including medical research. This paper is the second part of a series of articles that explore the intricate relationship between the different challenges that have hindered biomedical research and the generation of novel scientific knowledge during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the first part of this series, we demonstrated that, in the context of COVID-19, the scientific community has been faced with numerous challenges with respect to (1) finding and prioritizing relevant research questions and (2) choosing study designs that are appropriate for a time of emergency.

During the early stages of the pandemic, research conducted on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) sparked several heated debates with respect to the scientific methods used and the quality of knowledge generated. Research on HCQ is used as a case study in both papers. The authors explored biomedical databases, peer-reviewed journals, pre-print servers and media articles to identify relevant liter challenges in terms of (3) evaluating evidence for the purpose of making evidence-based decisions and (4) sharing scientific findings with the rest of the scientific community. This second paper demonstrates that the four challenges outlined in the first and second papers have often compounded each other and have contributed to slowing down the creation of novel scientific knowledge during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Fluid overload (FO) puts aortic stenosis (AS) patients at risk for heart failure (HF) and death. However, conventional FO assessment, including rapid weight gain, peripheral oedema, or chest radiography, is inaccurate. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) allows objective and reproducible FO quantification, particularly if clinically unapparent. It is used in dialysis patients to establish dry weight goals. BIS has not been tested for prognostication in AS. This study aimed to evaluate whether BIS adds prognostic information in stable patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Consecutive patients scheduled for TAVR underwent BIS in addition to echocardiographic, clinical, and laboratory assessment. On BIS, mild FO was defined as >1.0L and severe as >3.0L. Combined HF hospitalization and/or all-cause death was defined as primary endpoint. Three hundred forty-four patients (81.5±7.2years old, 47.4% female) were prospectively included. FO by BIS was associated with clinicssments.The safety of a novel modified-release oral capsule with orlistat and acarbose (MR-OA) was investigated in 67 obese middle-aged White men with a body mass index of 32 to 40 kg/m2 or 30 to 32 kg/m2 plus waist circumference >102 cm. The purpose of this investigation was to compare MR-OA with the existing conventional orlistat regarding systemic safety defined as plasma orlistat concentration at the end of the treatment period of 14 days. Participants took the MR-OA fixed-dose combination formulation 3 times a day together with a major meal. Three different doses of MR-OA were evaluated-60/20, 90/30, and 120/40 (mg orlistat/mg acarbose)-as well as 1 reference group who received the conventional orlistat, Xenical, with 120 mg of orlistat. Blood plasma was sampled on days 1 and 14. The orlistat plasma concentrations of the MR-OA dose showed a delayed absorption and were lower compared with conventional orlistat at the end of the study. All doses were safe and well tolerated without any unexpected adverse events and no serious adverse events. The delay in the rise of orlistat plasma concentration indicates that the modified-release properties of the MR-OA formulation are effective. The systemic exposure of orlistat resulting from MR-OA was similar, albeit a bit lower than the conventional orlistat with 120 mg of orlistat. We can therefore assume that the safety profile regarding the orlistat moiety of MR-OA is comparable to the conventional orlistat and a promising approach for weight control in obese patients. Further clinical evaluation is underway.
Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is one of the most common interstitial lung diseases in children. Both the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease are still unknown. Prognosis is usually favorable; however, there are significant morbidities during the early years of life.

To describe the clinical course, infant pulmonary function tests and computed tomography (CT) findings in a cohort of patients with NEHI in Argentina.

This is a observational multicenter cohort study of children diagnosed with NEHI between 2011 and 2020.

Twenty patients participated in this study. The median age of onset of symptoms was 3 months and the median age at diagnosis was 6 months. The most common clinical presentation was tachypnea, retractions and hypoxemia. The chest CT findings showed central ground glass opacities and air trapping. Infant pulmonary function tests revealed an obstructive pattern in 75% of the cases (10/12). Most patients (75%) required home oxygen therapy for 17 months (interquartile range 12-25).
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