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81-fold reduced odds for perinatal death (95% confidence interval 1.03-3.18, P-value 0.041). CONCLUSION Cesarean deliveries in Sierra Leone are associated with an exceptionally high perinatal mortality rate of 190 per 1000 births. Late presentation in the facilities and lack of adequate fetal monitoring may be contributing factors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Hypoglycemia is critical condition during diabetic treatment that involves intensive insulin therapy, and it may impair brain function. We aimed to compare cortical responses of three hypoglycemic phases and the restoration of glycemia to control levels after a severe episode in rats using non-invasive perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and localized 1 H MR spectroscopy. Under light α-chloralose anesthesia, cortical blood flow (cCBF) was 42 ± 3 ml/100 g/min at euglycemia (~ 5 mM plasma glucose), was not altered at mild hypoglycemia I (42 ± 4 ml/100 g/min, 2-3.5 mM), increased to 60 ± 8 ml/100 g/min under moderate hypoglycemia II (1-2 mM) and amplified to 190 ± 35 ml/100 g/min at severe hypoglycemia III ( less then 1 mM). 1 H MRS revealed metabolic changes at hypoglycemia I without any perfusion alteration. At hypoglycemia III, glutamine and glutamate decreased, whereas aspartate increased. When animals subsequently regained glycemic control, not all metabolites returned to their control levels, for example, glutamine. Meanwhile, ascorbate was increased with amplified hypoglycemic severity, whereas glutathione was reduced; these compounds did not return to normal levels upon the restoration of glycemia. Our study is the first to report cCBF and neurochemical changes in cortex upon five glycemic stages. The cortical responses of different hypoglycemic phases would explain variable neuronal damages after hypoglycemia and might help identify the degrees of hypoglycemic insults and further improve alternative therapies. © 2020 International Society for Neurochemistry.Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with unclear pathogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-33 is highly expressed in patients with psoriasis, but its role in psoriasis is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of IL-33 in the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis. IL-33 expression was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemical staining. CD4+ T cells were sorted using magnetic beads and treated with or without IL-33. Imiquimod (IMQ) was used to induce psoriatic inflammation in mice. The frequency of immune cells was determined using flow cytometry. The cytokine level in mouse skin was measured using cytometric bead array. Our results showed that IL-33 was highly expressed in the lesional skin and serum of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. CDK inhibitor IL-33 inhibited the expression of IL-17 in CD4+ T cells of psoriasis patients. Subcutaneous injection of IL-33 alleviated the IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation in mice, reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-23 expression, and decreased the proportion of T helper (Th)17 cells in the skin-draining lymph nodes in the mice. Our results suggest that IL-33 plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by suppressing Th17 cell differentiation and function. The potential therapeutic effect of IL-33 in treating psoriasis warrants further investigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Wound healing involves the concerted action of various lymphoid and in particular myeloid cell populations. To characterize and quantitate different types of myeloid cells and to obtain information on their kinetics during wound healing, we performed multiparametric flow cytometry analysis. In healthy mice, neutrophil numbers increased early after injury and returned to near basal levels after completion of healing. Macrophages, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and eosinophils were abundant throughout the healing phase, in particular in early wounds, and Langerhans cells increased after wounding and remained elevated after epithelial closure. Major differences in healing-impaired diabetic mice were a much higher percentage of immune cells in late wounds, mainly as a result of neutrophil, macrophage and monocyte persistence, reduced numbers and percentages of macrophages and monocyte-derived DCs in early wounds, and of Langerhans cells, conventional DCs and eosinophils throughout the healing process. Finally, unbiased cluster analysis (PhenoGraph) identified a large number of different clusters of myeloid cells in skin wounds. These results provide insight into myeloid cell diversity and dynamics during wound repair and highlight the abnormal inflammatory response associated with impaired healing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION Doppler ultrasound cardiotocography is a non-invasive alternative which despite its poor specificity is often first choice for intrapartum monitoring. Doppler ultrasound suffers from signal loss due to fetal movements and is negatively correlated with maternal BMI. Reported accuracy of fetal heart rate monitoring by Doppler ultrasound varies between 10.6 and 14.3 bpm and reliability between 62.4% and 73%. The fetal scalp electrode (FSE) is considered gold standard for fetal monitoring but can only be applied after membranes have ruptured with sufficient cervical dilatation and is sometimes contra-indicated. A non-invasive alternative which overcomes the shortcomings of Doppler ultrasound, providing reliable information on fetal heart rate could be the answer. Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography (NI-fECG) uses a wireless electrode patch on the maternal abdomen to obtain both fetal and maternal heart rate signals as well as an electrohysterogram. We aimed to validate a wireless NI-fECG device fothe NI-fECG is around 90% for the total population as well as for both BMI subgroups. CDK inhibitor Success rate dropped to 63% during second stage of labor, similar results are found when looking at the separate BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS Performance measures of the NI-fECG device are good in the overall group and the separate BMI groups. Compared to Doppler Ultrasound performance measures from the literature, NI-fECG is a more accurate alternative. Especially, when patients have a higher BMI, NI-fECG performs well, resembling FSE performance measures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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