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The critical areas were ranked according to cancer and non-cancer risks estimated by HHRA, respectively, for informed remediation planning. Among the critical contaminants, α-hexachlorocyclohexane, 2-nitrochlorobenzene, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene in soil, as well as vinyl chloride in groundwater, contributed a predominant part to the total health risk. The integrated approach can be used to assess the contamination of other similar abandoned industrial complex sites.An understanding of the consequences of human-mediated disturbances from multi-facet diversity (i.e. species, functional and phylogenetic) perspectives is of great significance in biodiversity assessment and conservation planning. Most previous studies have concentrated on anthropogenic effects on species diversity in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) in China, but information on anthropogenic effects on phylogenetic and functional facets is still pending. Here, we identified the temporal changes in species, functional, and phylogenetic alpha diversity of fish assemblages in 18 reaches (i.e. 15 mainstream reaches and 3 tributaries) of the YRB under the background of long-term cascade hydropower construction and widespread introduction of non-native fish species. The results showed that native fishes experienced a sharp decline through time, with an average of 25.6 (extirpation rate 46.7%) native species extirpated per sub-region, and 89 of 182 (48.9%) native species extirpated across the whole basin during the peraceted diversity of fish assemblages in a large river and highlighted the negative effects of cascaded hydropower developments and non-native fish invasions on native fish. Moreover, evaluating the responses of multi-faceted diversity to anthropogenic disturbances is a suitable means to understand assemblage reorganization and to assess how such impacts lead to the decline of biodiversity. The complementary information derived from using the multi-faceted diversity approach indicate functional and phylogenetic diversity measures could be implemented in biodiversity planning in the sediment-laden and ecologically important Yellow River Basin.Recent extreme wildfire seasons in the United States (US) have rekindled policy debates about the underlying drivers and potential role forest management can play in reducing fuels and future wildfire. Most US western national forests face a substantial backlog of treatments and manifold management issues related to wildfire, forest health, and wildfire protection and constitute the major part of the wildfire problem. However, the precise schedule and detailed assessments that map the type and amount of treatments needed, as well as the associated cost are rarely assessed. We simulated restoration trajectories on the US fire prone Umatilla National Forest that faces complex management challenges related to wildfire and forest resiliency. The treatments were targeted to specific ecological conditions based on a decision tree developed in consultation with specialists. Planning areas were then prioritized based on fire protection of the wildland-urban interface (WUI), forest products, and stand resiliency. The icit assessment of a restoration backlog, and prioritization of planning areas to reduce that backlog on a US national forest.The complex relationships that exist between terrestrial mammals and their habitats make African ecosystems highly interactive environments. Anthropogenic activities including climate change have altered geochemical cycles, which influence nutrient availability and deficiency at local, regional and global scales. As synergistic and antagonistic interactions occur between essential elements at both deficiency and excess concentrations, the differences in feeding strategy between trophically distinct groups of terrestrial vertebrates are likely to influence the degree to which overall nutrient needs are met or may be deficient. The overall aim of this study was to investigate and compare quantitative differences of nine essential elements in terrestrial vertebrates occupying different trophic levels within two protected areas; Tswalu Kalahari Reserve (TKR) and Manyeleti Nature Reserve (MNR) South Africa, using faeces as an analytical matrix. selleck chemicals Results from linear mixed effects models highlight that concentrations varied widely between individuals. Overall, measured concentrations above their respective means were evident for B and Mn in herbivores, Fe in omnivores and Cu, Co, Fe, Se and Zn in carnivores. Measured concentrations of Mo and Ni did not differ significantly between trophic groups. Although site-specific differences were evident for specific elements, measured mean concentrations of B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn were significantly higher overall at the MNR study site compared to the TKR site. This is the first study to non-invasively assess essential element concentrations across trophic levels in free ranging African wildlife species within protected areas of the savannah biome. Combined with the assessment of environmental matrices, this approach can be used as an effective diagnostic tool for the assessment of animal welfare and the management of protected areas globally.
Hypertension (HT) has a significant impact on public health and medical expenses. However, HT is a chronic disease that requires the long-term follow-up of a large number of patients.

The Korean Hypertension Cohort (KHC) study aimed to develop a model for calculating cardiovascular risk in HT patients by linking and utilizing the detailed clinical and longitudinal data from hospitals and the national health insurance claim database, respectively. This cohort had a planned sample size of over 11,000 HT patients and 100,000 non-HT controls. Eligible patients were hypertensive patients, who were presenting for the first time and were diagnosed with HT as a main disease from 2006 to 2011. Long-term survival data over a period of approximately 9 years were obtained from the national health insurance claim and national health examination data.

This cohort enrolled 11,083 patients with HT. The mean age was 58.87 ± 11.5 years, 50.5% were male, and 31.4% were never-treated HT. Of the enrolled patients, 32.9% and 37.7% belonged to the high and moderate cardiovascular risk groups, respectively. Initial blood pressures were 149.4 ± 18.5/88.5 ± 12.5 mmHg. During the 2 years hospital data follow-up period, blood pressures lowered to 130.8 ± 14.1/78.0 ± 9.7 mmHg with 1.9 ± 1.0 tablet doses of antihypertensive medication. Cardiovascular events occurred in 7.5% of the overall patients; 8.5%, 8.8%, and 4.7% in the high, moderate, and low risk patients, respectively.

The KHC study has provided important information on the long-term outcomes of HT patients according to the blood pressure, comorbid diseases, medication, and adherence, as well as health behaviors and health resource use.
The KHC study has provided important information on the long-term outcomes of HT patients according to the blood pressure, comorbid diseases, medication, and adherence, as well as health behaviors and health resource use.
Recent changes in the diagnostic criteria for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and increasing patient numbers necessitate updating of the data on vascular events in patients with such disorders.

In this single-center study, thrombotic and hemorrhagic events were retrospectively analyzed in patients diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV) prefibrotic/early primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF), or PMF, based on the 2016 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria.

Of a total of 335 consecutive patients (139 ET, 42 pre-PMF, 124 PV, and 30 PMF patients; 192 males and 143 females) of median age 64 years (range, 15 to 91), 112 (33.4%) experienced a total of 126 thrombotic events before diagnosis, at the time of diagnosis, or during follow-up over a median of 4.6 years (range, 0.1 to 26.5). Cerebrovascular thrombosis (18.8%) was the most common initial event, followed by coronary heart disease (10.1%) and splanchnic (1.5%) and peripheral thrombosis (1.5%). Arterial thrombosis was more common than venous thrombosis (31.3% vs. 2.1%, respectively; p = 0.001). Thrombosis was most frequent in PV patients (39.5%), followed by patients with pre-PMF (38.1%), ET (30.9%), and PMF (13.3%). Of the 112 patients who experienced thromboses, 53 (47%) and 39 (33.9%) had thrombotic events before and at the time of MPN diagnosis, respectively. Twenty-seven patients (8.1%) experienced 29 hemorrhagic events, of which gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 20) was the most common.

Most thrombotic events occurred before or at the time of diagnosis, and the prevalence of arterial thrombosis was markedly higher than that of venous thrombosis in patients with MPN.
Most thrombotic events occurred before or at the time of diagnosis, and the prevalence of arterial thrombosis was markedly higher than that of venous thrombosis in patients with MPN.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of age and diet forms on growth-development patterns, serum metabolism indicators, and parameters of body fat deposition in Cherry Valley ducks.

According to the hatching age and initial weight, a total of 150 1-day-old male SM3 Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to two diet forms (pellet vs. powder form). Each treatment had with 5 replicates per treatment and 15 meat ducks per replicate. The study lasted 42 d, which was divided into two periods (1-21 vs. 22-42 d).

Our results showed that compared with powder group, ducks in pellet group had greater growth performance during different period (p<0.05). The inflection point was 24 d and was not numerically affected by diet forms. Increasing age (42 vs. 21 d) significantly increased the weight of body fat and hepatic fat metabolism related enzyme activities in ducks (p<0.05), meanwhile, increasing age (42 vs. 21 d) improved serum metabolism indicators and decreased mRNA expression levels of ents of serum metabolism indicators, key enzyme activity of lipid production, and hepatic gene expressions.
The present study evaluated the efficiency of embryo development and pregnancy of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos using different source-matured oocytes in Camelus dromedarius.

Camelus dromedarius embryos were produced by SCNT using in vivo- and in vitro- matured oocytes. In vitro embryo developmental capacity of reconstructed embryos was evaluated. To confirm the efficiency of pregnancy and live birth rates, a total of 72 blastocysts using in vitro- matured oocytes transferred into 45 surrogates and 95 blastocysts using in vivo- matured oocytes were transferred into 62 surrogates by transvaginal method.

The collected oocytes derived from ovum pick up (OPU) showed higher maturation potential into metaphase II oocytes than oocytes from the slaughterhouse. The competence of cleavage, and blastocyst were also significantly higher in in vivo- matured oocytes than in vitro- matured oocytes. After embryo transfer, 11 pregnant and 10 live births were confirmed in in vivo- matured oocytes group, and 2 pregnant and 1 live birth were confirmed in in vitro- matured oocytes group. Furthermore, blastocysts produced by in vivo-matured oocytes resulted in significantly higher early pregnancy and live birth rates than in vitro-matured oocytes.

In this study, SCNT embryos using in vivo- and in vitro-matured camel oocytes were successfully developed, and pregnancy was established in recipient camels. We also confirmed that in vivo-matured oocytes improved the development of embryos and the pregnancy capacity using the blastocyst embryo transfer method.
In this study, SCNT embryos using in vivo- and in vitro-matured camel oocytes were successfully developed, and pregnancy was established in recipient camels. We also confirmed that in vivo-matured oocytes improved the development of embryos and the pregnancy capacity using the blastocyst embryo transfer method.
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