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A new logical strategy to support approved COVID-19 vaccinations prioritization.
w rates of antimicrobial use within the industry.Bivalve molluscan shellfish such as oysters are filter feeders and are able to accumulate human noroviruses (NoVs) largely due to the presence of human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs)-like carbohydrates in their intestine. Since the fucose contents play a key role in the binding of NoVs to HBGAs, this study intended to investigate the influence of fucosidase-producing bifidobacteria on the HBGA antigenicity of oyster digestive tissue and the associated NoV binding. On the contrary to the expected, after a treatment of the oyster digestive tissue extracts with Bifidobacterium bifidum strain JCM 1254, the binding of human NoV GII.4 virus like particles (VLPs) to the oyster digestive tissue extracts enhanced significantly (OD450 from 1.15 ± 0.05 to 1.51 ± 0.02, P less then 0.001) in an in vitro direct binding assay. The accumulation of human NoV GII·P16-GII.4 also enhanced significantly in the intestine of B. bifidum JCM 1254 treated oysters from 4.27 ± 0.25 log genomic copies/g oyster digestive tissue to 5.25 ± 0.29 log genomic copies/g oyster digestive tissue (P less then 0.005) as observed in an in vivo test. Correspondingly, the type A antigenicity of the oyster digestive tissue extracts enhanced (OD450 from 0.77 ± 0.04 to 1.06 ± 0.05, P less then 0.01) after the treatment with B. bifidum JCM 1254. These results could be explained by the substrate specificity of the B. bifidum JCM 1254 associated fucosidases. This study identified an indirect interaction possibly happening between the bacterial microbiota with human NoVs during their transmission in the food systems. We also supplied a potential strategy to mitigate the NoV contamination from shellfish, suppose bacterial strains with specified fucosidase production could be obtained in the future.Sixty vacuum-packed beef samples retailed in Germany were investigated for the occurrence of cold-tolerant Clostridium spp. After a storage period at 4 °C for eight weeks, meat juice from all samples was processed for culturing, DNA extraction and SYBR green qPCR for Clostridium species. After that, a previously developed multiplex qPCR, sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, and MALDI-TOF MS were applied in order to identify Clostridium spp. found in samples. Subsequently, 23 samples were found positive for C. frigoriphilum (n = 19), C. estertheticum (n = 2), C. tagluense (n = 1) and C. lacusfryxellense/C. frigoris (n = 1). By using a new multiplex qPCR and a new RFLP method developed in this study, a further 15 meat juice samples were revealed to be contaminated with C. algidicarnis. With some samples being co-contaminated with two different species, 53% (n = 32) of all investigated vacuum-packed beef samples were found to be positive for cold-tolerant clostridia. This is the first report of detection and identification of C. algidicarnis in meat samples in Germany and Central Europe.Various adverse conditions can trigger defensive mechanisms in Listeria monocytogenes that can increase the virulence of surviving cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of one stress-response (sigB) and three virulence (plcA, hly, and iap) genes in L. monocytogenes exposed to a sub lethal dose of E-beam irradiation in dry-cured ham. To accomplish this, dry-cured ham slices (10 g) were immersed in a 109 CFU/mL suspension of L. monocytogenes strain S4-2 and subsequently irradiated with 1, 2, or 3 kGy. After irradiation, samples were stored at 7 °C or 15 °C for 30 days. Absolute gene expression levels were determined by RT-qPCR, and numbers of surviving Listeria cells were assessed by microbial counts after different storage times (0, 7, 15, and 30 days). At 7 °C, after E-beam treatment at doses of 2 or 3 kGy, Listeria gene expression significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) up to day 15. Listeria counts decreased with increasing dosage. The relationship between absolute gene expression and the number of surviving Listeria cells could indicate that sublethal doses of E-beam irradiation can increase expression of the genes studied. We observed no significant influence of storage time or temperature on gene expression (p > 0.05). Listeria that survives E-beam treatment may display increased virulence, constituting a significant potential public health risk.Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 member A1 (ALDH1A1) is one of the most well studied breast cancer stem cells. Its expression has been associated with poor clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes in several studies. This paper studies the expression of ALDH1A1 and its combination with CD44+/CD24-/low breast cancer stem cell and their association with clinicopathological parameters and molecular subtypes.
Tissue Microarray was constructed from 222 Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues. The expression of ALDH1A1, CD44 and CD24 were assessed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association of ALDH1A1 and its association with clinicopathological parameters, molecular subtypes, CD44 and CD24 were studied in an African population. The association between CD44
/CD24
/ALDH1
and the clinicopathological phenotypes were also studied.

A high ALDH1A1 expression of 90% was recorded in this study. No association was found between ALDH1A1 and clinicopathological parameters. ALDH1A1 was positivr understand their effect on tumour aggressiveness.
The high expression of ALDH1A1 in breast cancer makes it an important target for targeted therapy. This study further confirms the increased tumourigenicity of CD44+/CD24-/ALDH1+ combination phenotype and its association with increased tumour grade and clinical prognostic stage. Survival studies of ALDH1A1 and other breast cancer stem cells in African populations are strongly recommended to help further understand their effect on tumour aggressiveness.
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) is a rare malignancy of poor prognosis in head and neck. The aim of the study is to assess the expression and prognostic value of USP7 and p53 in advanced HPSCC.

A retrospective study was performed on a cohort of 103 patients with advanced HPSCC. The immunohistochemical expression of USP7 and p53 was evaluated in all the patients, and the prognostic value of USP7 and p53 was further evaluated. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and local-regional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

In our study, 78 patients (75.7%) showed low expression of USP7, and the other 25 patients (24.3%) had high expression of USP7; additionally, high USP7 expression was associated with advanced T stage. Low expression of p53 was found in 52 patients (50.5%), while the other 51 patients (49.5%) had a high expression of p53. Our data revealed that low expression of p53 was associated with the advanced N stage (p=0.028). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high expression of USP7 was significantly correlated with the inferior OS, DFS, DMFS, and LRFS, respectively (all p<0.05); additionally, high expression of p53 was correlated with superior OS (p=0.023). Ivacaftor in vitro The Cox proportional multivariate hazard model revealed that high expression of USP7 was an independent predictor of poor OS, DFS, and LRFS, respectively (all p<0.05).

Our findings suggest that USP7 combined with p53 are reliable prognostic factors in patients with advanced HPSCC.
Our findings suggest that USP7 combined with p53 are reliable prognostic factors in patients with advanced HPSCC.Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common tumor in men with extremely variable outcome, varying from latent or indolent form to very aggressive behavior. High grade tumors, expansions exceeding the prostatic capsule into the surrounding soft tissues and spreading through lymph vascular channels, represent the most consistent unfavorable prognostic factors. However, accuracy in the prediction of the disease progression is sometimes difficult. Along with new molecular diagnostic techniques and more accurate histopathological approaches, proteomic studies challenge to identify potential biomarkers predictive of PCa progression. In our study we analyzed the urinary proteomes of 42 patients affected by PCa through two-dimensional electrophoresis associated with mass spectrometry. Proteomic profiles were correlated to histopathological features including pTNM stage and tumor differentiation in order to provide new promising markers able to define more accurately the PCa aggressiveness and driving new therapeutic approaches.Recombinant proteins play an important role in many areas of our lives. For example, recombinant enzymes are used in the food and chemical industries and as high-quality proteins for research, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The production of recombinant proteins is still dominated by expression systems based on microbes and mammalian cells, although the manufacturing of recombinant proteins in plants - known as molecular farming - has been promoted as an alternative, cost-efficient strategy for three decades. Several molecular farming products have reached the market, but the number of success stories has been limited by industrial inertia driven by perceptions of low productivity, the high cost of downstream processing, and regulatory hurdles that create barriers to translation. Here, we discuss the technical and economic factors required for the successful commercialization of molecular farming, and consider potential future directions to enable the broader application of production platforms based on plants.
To explore the associations between participant characteristics and magnitudes of difference in paired elastography measures of knee tendon from different ultrasound systems, and to compare strain elastography pattern description.

Quadriceps and patellar tendons of 20 healthy volunteers (40 tendons) were examined by an experienced operator employing two ultrasound systems (GE S8 and Esaote MyLab 70XVG). Pearson/Spearman correlations explored the influence of participant characteristics (BMI, body fat %, leg circumference, activity level) on the magnitude of differences between measures. Paired-sample t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test were performed to compare repeated measures of individual ultrasound systems.

The quadriceps tendon was characteristically stiffer than the patellar tendon. Participant characteristics were associated with within machine differences of the distal quadriceps tendon (BMI; r=0.49, p=0.028-0.03 and body fat %; r=0.43, p=0.05-0.056) ER measures.

Anthropometric and body composition parameters were associated with within machine differences for elasticity measures, where high BMI and body fat % contribute to paired measurement variance at the distal quadriceps tendon. Strain elastography protocols should be standardised, repeated ER measures performed using the same US system and patient characteristics considered for future clinical applications.
Anthropometric and body composition parameters were associated with within machine differences for elasticity measures, where high BMI and body fat % contribute to paired measurement variance at the distal quadriceps tendon. Strain elastography protocols should be standardised, repeated ER measures performed using the same US system and patient characteristics considered for future clinical applications.
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