Notes

Connection involving toxocariasis as well as cognitive operate inside youthful for you to middle-aged older people.
Carbon-based support catalysts are beneficial on account of low material cost, prominent surface area, and stability at high temperature. In this study, biochar derived activated carbon (AC) supported metal catalysts were tested for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of alkali lignin. Catalytic HTL of alkali lignin was carried out at various temperatures (260 to 300 °C) with varying catalysts quantity (5 to 20 wt%), and solvents (water, ethanol, methanol) for 15 min reaction time. As the reaction temperature increased from 260 to 300 °C, conversion increased from 76.2 to 85.5 wt%. Bimetallic catalyst Ni-Co/AC with ethanol solvent system at 280 °C gave highest bio-oil yield (72.0 wt%). Lignin catalytic depolymerization produces monomer phenolic compounds due to efficient breaking of the lignin macromolecule. Thus, the presence of catalyst and solvent increased the cleavage of β-O-4 bonds resulting in increased selectivity towards vanillin (32.3-36.2%).The anaerobic degradation of coal combined with straw biomass can promote the methane production. The biogas production potential and metabolic pathway were explored via the co-digestion simulation experiment of coal and corn straw. The results showed that 2 g of corn straw combined respectively with 4 g of bituminous coal A, 6 g of bituminous coal B and 4 g of bituminous coal C resulted in highest methane yields. The structure of lignocellulose in corn straw was partially degraded into guaiacyl and syringyl units. Meanwhile, the content of biodegradable tyrosine like protein and soluble microbial by-products in liquid phase significantly decreased. Significantly, the structure of archaea altered from aceticlastic to hydrogenotrophic methanogens when the fermentation substrate changed from high to low rank coal. The proportion of hydrogenotrophic methanogens was significantly higher than that of aceticlastic and methylotrophic methanogens, and the hydrogenotrophic pathway was dominant than the aceticlastic pathway.A modified two-stage partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) process with short aerobic HRT of 5.7 h was established and realized advanced nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater. The first process was partial nitrification in the PN-SBR, the initiation and stable maintenance of partial nitrification was achieved by pre-anaerobic treatment without inoculation or addition of inhibitor, nitrite accumulation rate was over 90% and maintained over 200 days, meanwhile pre-anaerobic improved the storage of endogenous carbon sources to enhance the nitrogen removal efficiency. The second process was anammox in the AMX-SBR, which was fed with the effluent of PN-SBR, the effluent total inorganic nitrogen was below 5 mgN/L, nitrogen removal efficiency reached 92.06%. Furthermore, Candidatus-Brocadia was enriched after treating domestic sewage with low ammonia from 0.02% to 0.23%.This study demonstrated the feasibility of starting and maintaining partial nitrification by pre-anaerobic treatment and the feasibility of nitrogen removal by coupling simultaneous-nitrification-denitrification with anammox to treat actual municipal sewage.A novel process that combines partial nitrification, fermentation and Anammox-partial denitrification (NFAD) was proposed to co-treat ammonia rich sludge supernatant (NH4+-N = 1194.1 mg/L), external WAS (MLSS = 22092.6 mg/L) and WWTP secondary effluent (NO3--N = 58.6 mg/L). Three separated reactors were used for partial nitrification (PN-SBR), integrated fermentation and denitrification (IFD-SBR) and combined Anammox-partial denitrification (AD-UASB), respectively. The process resulted in excellent nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of 98.7%, external sludge reduction efficiency (SRE) of 44.6% and external sludge reduction rate of 4.1 kg/m3 after 200 days of continuous operation. IFD-SBR and AD-UASB contributed towards 89.4% and 9.2% nitrogen removal, respectively. In AD-UASB, cooperation between Anammox bacteria (4.1% Candidatus Brocadia) and partial denitrifying bacteria (3.2% Thauera) resulted in significant stability of Anammox pathway, which contributed up to 84.1% nitrogen removal in the combined Anammox-partial denitrification process. NFAD saved up to 100% organic resource demand and 25% of aeration consumption compared with the traditional nitrification-denitrification process.Null.Null.Null.Null.Null.Diabetes is considered a risk factor for arteriovenous fistula failure and increased perioperative complications; but this view is not proven for patients undergoing brachiobasilic transposition arteriovenous fistula (BBT-AVF). Fifty-one (68.9%) diabetic and 23 (31.08%) non-diabetic patients undergoing single-stage BBT-AVF were compared in terms of perioperative complications, access maturation and patency rates at The Aga Khan University Hospital from between January 2016 to December 2017. Diabetics were elder and more obese. The perioperative complications 19 (37.2%) vs. 8 (34.7%), and access maturation rates were compared (93.2% vs. 95.5%) between the two groups. At 6 months, access patency in diabetics was lower compared to non-diabetics (64.7% vs. 87.0%). Similar trend was noted at 12 and 24 months in both groups. This study showed that the diabetic and non-diabetic were comparable in terms of perioperative complications and maturation rate. However, short term patency rate was lower in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Key Words Brachiobasilic AVF, Complications, Diabetes mellitus, Patency.The aim of this study is to explore whether there is an association between the genotype of serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and migraine combined with depression. One hundred and sixteen patients with migraine and depressive disorder (Group A) and 116 patients with simple migraine (Group B) admitted in Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China, from January 2018 to April 2020 were included in the present study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were used for detection of 5-HTTLPR genotype. The 5-HTTLPR genotype and allele frequency between the two groups were compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference in 5-HTTLPR genotype (L/L, L/S and S/S) frequency and allele (S and L) frequency between Group A and Group B (p=0.794 and 0.491, respectively). In conclusion, 5-HTTLPR genotype might not be related to the onset of migraine combined with depression. Key Words Migraine, Depressive disorder, Serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR).This study was conducted to determine the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in the old age population (>60 years). A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan. Healthy subjects (having no active complaint) of either sex aged 60-80 years were included. Those already on thyroid replacement, preexisting thyroid diseases, prior radiation therapy, or having chronic kidney disease were excluded. A total of 133 participants, 79 males and 54 females, were selected with a mean age of 69.5 ± 6.4 years. There were 29 diabetics, 30 hypertensives, and 10 smokers. see more A total of 17 (12.8%) were found to have SCH. On stratification, gender, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension had a significant association with the presence of SCH. SCH is a modifiable risk factor, more in females, diabetics, hypertensives, and the old age population. These results highlight the need for screening for SCH in primary care settings, especially in old age. Key Words Subclinical hypothyroidism, Old age, Gender, Diabetes, Hypertension.Tracheal injuries, following blunt neck trauma, are life-threatening surgical emergencies with high risk of mortality. A high index of suspicion is necessary to avoid missing an occult injury because delays in diagnosis and definitive treatment are associated with poorer outcomes. We, herein, report a case of a 28-year man who presented in Emergency Department 15 days after blunt neck trauma from an accident involving electric cable. Anaesthetic challenges, airway management and importance of effective close loop communication, during repair of complex tracheal reconstruction, will be discussed in this case report. Key Words Blunt trauma, Airway and anesthetic management, Tracheal injury.Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterised by increased production of Langerhans-type histiocytes. It is more common in the pediatric age group with a predilection for osseous involvement, though any organ may be involved. A 10-year male child was brought to the neurosurgical clinic with a slow growing painful tender mass on the head. Initial attempt to biopsy the lesion failed due to excessive bleeding. It was later imaged and removed with a frontal craniotomy. Histopathological evaluation along with immunohistochemistry revealed the true nature of the lesion. Follow-up revealed complete excision of the lesion and no recurrence at one-year after surgery. Key Words Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Pediatric age, Skull.Littoral cell angioma is a non-hematologic vascular neoplasm originating from littoral cells lining the splenic red pulp. The diagnosis is usually made incidentally in splenectomy materials. It is often associated with anemia and thrombocytopenia, indicative of hypersplenism. We, herein present a case of symptomatic littoral cell angioma in a 32-year female, presumed to be accompanied by a hematologic malignancy manifesting with splenic infarct and thrombocytosis. Key Words Littoral cell angioma, Splenic infarct, Thrombocytosis.Liposarcomas (LSs) are a rare form of malignant tumors. They are the most common primary neoplasms of the retroperitoneum. While these tumors rarely metastasise, they are characterised by local recurrence and infiltration. Moreover, most are asymptomatic and hence grow to massive sizes before becoming symptomatic. Here, we report two unique cases of giant retroperitoneal liposarcomas seen in our urban tertiary care centre. The first case is that of a 53-year Dominican male, who developed a massive recurrence of his retroperitoneal LS within a span of just two months after initial resection ̶ an exceedingly rare occurrence. The second case is that of a 67-year Peruvian female, who was found to have a retroperitoneal LS, causing complete displacement of the viscera in her right hemiabdomen. Key Words Liposarcomas, Recurrence, Retroperitoneum.The concept of damage control surgery was first introduced in the 1990s. It has great significance in the treatment for critically ill patients, which not only greatly improves survival rate, but also helps doctors avoiding misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Herein, we present a case of gastric perforation caused by neoplasm with critical condition of the patient. According to the concept of damage control surgery, the patient was subjected to perforation repair and tumor biopsy instead of conventional radical gastrectomy. Then, diffuse large B cell lymphoma was diagnosed on pathologic examination. After surgery, the patient received R-CHOP chemotherapy according to the clinical guidelines and is alive till now. Our experience might be helpful for understanding the value of damage control surgery in avoiding misdiagnosis and mistreatment for critical emergency patients. Key Words Lymphoma, Stomach, Perforation, Damage control surgery.
Homepage: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cq31.html