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[«Criminal» neighborhood what about anesthesia ? inside dentistry: a purposeful threat or even a online game without regulations?
Sarcopenia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigates the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) as an add-on therapy for sarcopenia in older adults with T2DM over a six-month follow-up period.

This is a retrospective and six-month follow-up study. The study was performed on 90 participants who are followed in a geriatric clinic hospital. Sarcopenia was diagnosed as per the EGWSOP-2 criteria. STF083010 The patients were divided into two groups regarding DPP4i use. Each patient was evaluated for sarcopenia and sarcopenia-related parameters at baseline and at the end of 6months.

The mean age of the patients was 72.57±7.089, and 60% of them were female. DPP4i users had worse glycemic control and decreased rate of low muscle strength at the end of 6months (39.6% vs. 25.0%, P=.039). Forty-two patients without DPP4i therapy had reduced muscle strength (22.71±6.95kg vs. 20.88±6.32kg, P=.046) and stable Hba1c levels (6.45±0.56% vs. 6.40±0.52, P=.380) at their six-month follow-up control.

Adding DPP4i to treatment for T2DM yields a positive effect on muscle strength and glycemic control. These agents may offer higher prospects in managing T2DM while counteracting sarcopenia.

T2DM and Sarcopenia are common in older adults. Considering the increased prevalence of T2DM and the risk of coexistent sarcopenia in older adults, the additional positive effects of DPP4i may be crucial in the choice of treatment for these patients.
T2DM and Sarcopenia are common in older adults. Considering the increased prevalence of T2DM and the risk of coexistent sarcopenia in older adults, the additional positive effects of DPP4i may be crucial in the choice of treatment for these patients.Despite growing evidence that warning labels reduce purchases of sugary drinks, less is known about warnings' impact on purchases of sugary snacks. This paper aimed to experimentally test whether a front-of-package label warning about high sugar content ("sugar warning label") would reduce parents' likelihood of selecting a labeled snack versus a non-labeled snack for their child in a food store setting. Participants (n = 2,219 parents of at least one child aged 1-5y) were recruited via an online panel and asked to complete a shopping task in a virtual convenience store. Participants were randomized to one of three labeling conditions barcode control, text-only sugar warning label, or pictorial sugar warning label. Participants viewed two granola snacks, one labeled and one unlabeled, and selected one for purchase. A post-shopping survey measured secondary outcomes. Predictions and analyses were preregistered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04381481). Participants exposed to the text or pictorial sugar warning labels were less likely to select the labeled snack than those in the barcode control group (21%, 18%, and 34% respectively; p less then 0.001 for both comparisons of warning to control). Relative to the barcode control label, the text and pictorial sugar warning labels resulted in greater attention, anticipated social interactions, negative affect, cognitive elaboration, and perceived message effectiveness, as well as lower perceptions of healthfulness, appeal, and intentions to purchase or consume the product (p less then 0.001 for all comparisons of warnings to control). There were no differences in outcomes between text and pictorial sugar warning labels. In conclusion, text and pictorial sugar warning labels reduced parents' likelihood of selecting a labeled granola snack for their children. These results contribute to a growing body of evidence showing that warning labels influence food purchasing behaviors.Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a potent vasodilator approved for use in term and near-term neonates, but with broad off-label use in settings including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As an inhaled therapy, iNO reaches well ventilated portions of the lung and selectively vasodilates the pulmonary vascular bed, with little systemic effect due to its rapid inactivation in the bloodstream. iNO is well documented to improve oxygenation in a variety of pathological conditions, but in ARDS, these transient improvements in oxygenation have not translated into meaningful clinical outcomes. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related ARDS, iNO has been proposed as a potential treatment due to a variety of mechanisms, including its vasodilatory effect, antiviral properties, as well as anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory actions. Presently however, no randomized controlled data are available evaluating iNO in COVID-19, and published data are largely derived from retrospective and cohort studies. It is therefore important to interpret these limited findings with caution, as many questions remain around factors such as patient selection, optimal dosing, timing of administration, duration of administration, and delivery method. Each of these factors may influence whether iNO is indeed an efficacious therapy - or not - in this context. As such, until randomized controlled trial data are available, use of iNO in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 related ARDS should be considered on an individual basis with sound clinical judgement from the attending physician.This study developed a material and time saving method for powder characterization. Building on an earlier developed raw material property database for use towards development of pharmaceutical dry powder processes, blends were selected in an efficient way to include maximal variability of the underlying raw material dataset. For both raw materials and blends, powder characterization methods were kept to a minimum by selecting the testing methods that described the highest amount of variability in physical powder properties based on principal component analysis (PCA). This method selection was made by identifying the overarching properties described by the principal components of the PCA model. Ring shear testing, powder bed compressibility, bulk/tapped density, helium pycnometry, loss on drying and aeration were identified as the most discriminating characterization techniques from this dataset to detect differences in physical powder properties. This ensured a workload reduction while most of the powder variability that could be detected was still included. The methodology proposed in this paper could be used as a material-saving alternative to the current "Design of Experiment" approach, which will be investigated further for applicability to speed up the development of formulations and processes for new drug products and building an end-to-end predictive platform.The naringenin (NAR)-impregnated hydrogel lenses (nesofilcon A material) were manufactured in this study with the feasibility to achieve controlled daily drug release. The lenses were fabricated using a comparable commercial-standard process, utilizing injection molding and thermal curing approaches. NAR-loaded lenses were prepared by both direct entrapment and 'soak and release' methods. Their critical properties were tested to ISO standards and comparable to the commercial lenses. NAR was fully characterized by studying its physical and chemical stability throughout the manufacturing processes using thermal analysis, high performance liquid chromatography and X-ray diffraction analysis. The NAR-loaded lenses showed > 97% light transmission, >75% water content, 0.50-0.53 ± 0.06 MPa tensile strength, with a lens diameter of 14.1 ± 0.1 mm. Lens polymerization kinetics were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. NAR released from the lens, prepared by a direct entrapment approach, followed a diffusion-controlled mechanism, and provided a controlled drug release of 72-82% for 24 h. A faster release rate was observed for NAR-loaded lenses prepared by a soak and release method, with over 90% of NAR was releasedin the first five hours.The combination of corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been commonly used for inflammation and chronic articular pain in the clinic. Nonetheless, the long-term administration of both medications might result in osteonecrosis of the knee due to repeated injections of steroids and side effects in the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. To overcome these unmet medical needs, we designed a microsphere-microcrystal-gel delivery system for intra-articular injection. Dexamethasone (DEX)-loaded microspheres (DMs) were optimized by Plackett-Burman and Taguchi orthogonal designs to extend their retention time in the knee joint. Celecoxib (CLX) microcrystals (CMs) were manufactured using an ultrasonic method to improve solubility and bioavailability. Moreover, a green solvent-free method was employed to crosslink and synthesize a novel poloxamer 407/Gantrez® S97-based gel system (GZF), which can undergo the sol-gel transition at lower concentrations. Then, DM and CM were loaded by GZF to form intra-articular injectable gels (DM/CM/Gel). The in vitro release of DEX and CLX showed a fast phase in 24 h followed by a controlled release of ∼8 d. Both blank microspheres and GZF gels displayed great biocompatibility against RAW264.7 macrophages. The most suitable dosages of 5 nM DEX and 125 nM CLX in the formulation were chosen because of their significant effects against macrophage inflammation with a lower administrative amount. An In vivo animal evaluation showed that DM/CM/Gel suppressed the release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) after 21 d of treatment. In addition, a histological evaluation revealed that DM/CM/Gel interrupted the progression of cartilage surface denudation and matrix loss. Therefore, DM/CM/Gel provides a prospective strategy for reforming traditional therapy for chronic articular disease.As a first-line anticancer drug, sunitinib (SUN) can significantly inhibit tumor growth through an antiangiogenic effect. The nanocarrier drug-delivery strategy has been rapidly developed to improve therapeutic efficiency and drug safety. This study designed an intelligent liposome-like nanoporphyrin to broaden the application range of sunitinib. Additionally, we suggest that this personalized drug decoration and loading design can achieve more different functions. In this study, lipid-purpurin18 conjugates (Pp18-lipids) were synthesized by conjugating photosensitizer purpurin-18 (Pp18) with a phospholipid. Then, a porphyrin nano-delivery system (iPlipo-SUN) was developed by iRGD-modified Pp18-lipids-embedded liposome-carrying SUN. The system confers the targeted light-triggered SUN release, phototoxic properties, and antiangiogenesis onto iPlipo-SUN to multi-directionally suppress tumor growth. IPlipo-SUN was more effective than a maximum-tolerated dose of free SUN with its spatiotemporal control of drug release and intrinsic therapeutic effects. Therefore, the iPlipo-SUN offers new prospects for synergistic treatment that can be extended to explore tumor regrowth inhibition in clinical application.Roller compaction (RC) is a common granulation process for manufacturing solid dosage forms. However, its applicability to the growing number of powders with very low bulk densities and high cohesiveness can be limited due to poor powder feeding. Although deaeration with a vacuum in the feeding line is an effective approach to enhance the powder feeding performance, a systematic assessment of its effects on RC process is lacking. In this work, we have examined the effect of vacuum on the processability of RC using an extremely poorly flowing powder, colloidal silica, and two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). A processable range is defined by roll speed and screw speed that attain stable feeding under the roller-gap controlled mode. A 0.35 barg vacuum level was sufficient to make the colloidal silica processable and a higher vacuum level solved the subfeeding issue and significantly expanded the RC operation range. In contrast, deaeration slightly narrowed the processable range for MCC PH105 and PH101, while only minimally affects the relationship between roll speed and screw speed.
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