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Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is often categorized by researchers and clinicians using subjective self-reported PFP characteristics; however, this practice might mask important differences in movement biomechanics between PFP patients.

To determine whether biomechanical differences exist during a high-demand multiplanar movement task for PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics but different quadriceps activation levels.

Cross-sectional design.

Biomechanics laboratory.

A total of 15 quadriceps deficient and 15 quadriceps functional (QF) PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics.

In total, 5 trials of a high-demand multiplanar land, cut, and jump movement task were performed.

Biomechanics were compared at each percentile of the ground contact phase of the movement task (α = .05) between the quadriceps deficient and QF groups. Biomechanical variables included (1)whole-body center of mass, trunk, hip, knee, and ankle kinematics; (2)hip, knee, and ankle kinetics; andself-reported PFP characteristics.
PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics exhibit different movement biomechanics, and these differences depend upon quadriceps activation levels. These differences are important because movement biomechanics affect injury risk and athletic performance. In addition, these biomechanical differences indicate that different therapeutic interventions may be needed for PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics.
A limitation of previous studies on squatting mechanics is that the influence of trunk and shank inclination on the knee-extensor moment (KEM) has been studied in isolation.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the influence of segment orientation on the KEM during freestanding barbell squatting.

Repeated-measures cross sectional.

University research laboratory.

Sixteen healthy individuals (8 males and 8 females).

Each participant performed 8 squat conditions in which shank and trunk inclinations were manipulated.

3D kinematic and kinetic data were collected at 250 and 1500Hz, respectively. Regression analysis was conducted to identify the individual relationships between the KEM and the trunk and shank inclination at 60° and 90° of knee flexion. To identify the best predictor(s) of the KEM, stepwise regression was implemented.

Increased shank inclination increased the KEM (P < .001, R2 = .21-.25). Conversely, increased trunk inclination decreased the KEM (P < .001, R2 = .49riceps demand created by a forward shank can be offset by trunk inclination.
Athletes' perceptions toward physiotherapy services have an impact on their general attitude toward these services and their willingness to work together with physiotherapists for rehabilitation. The study investigated athletes' perspectives of physiotherapy services in sports injury management.

A mixed-study design of a cross-sectional survey that involved 178 conveniently sampled athletes and an explanatory qualitative study (8 purposively-selected athletes) was used. The authors assessed the participants' knowledge and perception of physiotherapy services using the modified versions of the Athletes' Level of Knowledge Questionnaire, Matsuno Athletes Perception Scale, and focus group discussion. The data were analyzed using chi-square, Spearman correlation at P ≤ .05, and deductive reasoning thematic analysis.

The age of the participants for the cross-sectional survey (131 men and 47 women) was 22.50 (7.51)years. Our results showed that the majority (91.6%) of them had adequate knowledge and (78.7%) phors identified the need to provide more physiotherapy services to athletes and more facilities for physiotherapy services.
The participants reported adequate knowledge and a positive perception of physiotherapy services. The correlates of participants' knowledge and perception of physiotherapy services are age, sporting years, and duration in the sports council. From the qualitative component of the study, the authors identified the need to provide more physiotherapy services to athletes and more facilities for physiotherapy services.Because of a shortage of health care providers, providing rehabilitation in health care facilities is difficult. Virtual reality-based rehabilitation is effective in older populations. There are only a few studies among patients with sarcopenia. This is a quasi-experimental, single-group, pretest-posttest design evaluating the clinical effectiveness of virtual reality-based progressive resistance training among residents aged over 60 years with sarcopenia in rural care facilities. The authors used Oculus Rift with headsets to provide the virtual reality-based progressive resistance training. The authors administered the program twice per week, 30 min per session, for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were dominant handgrip strength, walking speed, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index. Data from 30 participants were analyzed. Significant improvements in handgrip strength and walking speed were observed. Although an increasing trend in appendicular skeletal muscle mass index was observed, it did not reach statistical significance. Daporinad in vivo The authors concluded that the virtual reality-based progressive resistance training is partially effective in older sarcopenic adults in health care facilities.The purpose of this study was to monitor the changes in breathing pattern, trunk muscle stabilization, and upper-body muscular power in Paralympic swimmers throughout a competitive season over three time points October (T1), March (T2), and August (T3). Six top-level Paralympic swimmers voluntarily participated in this study. The Friedman test, the Bonferroni-Dunn multiple comparison post hoc analysis, and Kendall's W concordance coefficient for the measure of effect were used. A significant difference was found in the breathing pattern, trunk stability, and upper-body power variables from the T1 to T3 season (p less then .05). However, no significant changes were found in the T2 season. A long-term assessment of these fitness parameters may be of practical importance for better tailoring the training programs of top-level Paralympic swimmers.
To find the short-term psychological and hormonal effects of virtual reality training on chronic low back pain in American soccer players.

The 3-block random sampling method was used on 54 university American soccer players with chronic low back pain, and they were allocated into 3 groups virtual reality training (VRT; n = 18), combined physical rehabilitation (n = 18), and control (n = 18) groups at University Hospital. They underwent different balance training exercises for 4 weeks. The participants and the therapist who is assessing the outcomes were blinded. Psychological (pain intensity and kinesiophobia) and hormonal (glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, growth hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol) values were measured at baseline, after 4weeks, and after 6months.

The baseline demographic, psychological, and hormonal data between the VRT, combined physical rehabilitation, and control groups show no statistical difference (P ≥ .05). Four weemonal analysis perspective in American soccer players with chronic low back pain.
Training through virtual reality is an effective treatment program when compared with conventional exercise training programs from a psychological and hormonal analysis perspective in American soccer players with chronic low back pain.This study compared physical performance in a group of international cerebral palsy football players during two formats of small-sided games (SSGs) and performance in a simulated game (SG) according to players' sport classes (FT1, FT2, and FT3). Internal load (heart rate and rating of perceived exertion) and external load (total distance, distance covered at different velocities, maximum speed reached, acceleration, and deceleration) were obtained with global positioning system devices during two formats of SSGs (2-a-side/SSG2 and 4-a-side/SSG4) and an SG (7-a-side). SSG2 demands faster actions compared with SSG4/SG, and significant differences and large effect sizes were found in the distance covered in Speed Zones 5 (16.0-17.9 km/hr) and 6 (>18.0 km/hr; p less then .05; .35 less then ηp2 less then .50, large). Lower moderate accelerations and decelerations per minute in SSG4/SG compared with SSG2 were also found (p less then .01; .77 less then ηp2 less then .81, large). In the SSG2 task, the FT3 players reached maximum speeds, covered more distance at the highest intensities, and performed more moderate/high accelerations/decelerations and more sprints compared with FT1 and FT2 players (p less then .05; -0.85 less then dg less then -4.64, large). The SSG2 task could be the best option for discriminating physical demands in important variables for cerebral palsy football performance between classes FT3 versus FT1/FT2.There have been several reports of landfills exhibiting temperatures as high as 80 to 100 °C. This observation has motivated researchers to understand the causes of the elevated temperatures and to develop predictive models of landfill temperature. The objective of this research was to characterize the methanogenic activity of microbial communities that were derived from landfill samples excavated from a section of a landfill exhibiting gas well temperatures above 55 °C. Specific objectives were to (1) determine the upper temperature limit for methane production; (2) evaluate the kinetics of methane generation when landfill-derived microcosms are incubated above and below their excavation temperature and derive a temperature inhibition function; and (3) evaluate microbial community shifts in response to temperature perturbations. Landfill microcosms were derived from 57 excavated landfill samples and incubated within ±2.5 °C of their excavation temperature between 42.5 °C and 87.5 °C. Results showed an optimum temperature for methane generation of ~57 °C and a 95% reduction in methane yield at ~72 °C. When select cultures were perturbed between 5 °C below and 15 °C above their in-situ temperature, both the rate and maximum methane production decreased as incubation temperature increased. Microbial community characterization using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing suggests that thermophilic methanogenic activity can be attributed to methanogens of the genus Methanothermobacter. This study demonstrated that from a microbiological standpoint, landfills may maintain active methanogenic processes while experiencing temperatures in the thermophilic regime ( less then 72 °C).Management of agro-waste is a major challenge globally due to inefficient disposal techniques, which concominantly leads pollution and loss of renewable bioenergy. Anaerobic digestion of agro-waste is one of the ways to tackle this problem but hindered by the recalcitrant nature of agro-waste. This study investigated the effect of granular activated carbon (GAC) and granular biochar (GBC) addition to enhance the thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of wheat husk and sewage sludge. The conductive materials (particle size 2-5 mm) were added separately at five different concentrations 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 g/Linoculum. The findings revealed that samples amended with GAC and GBC at 20 g/L dosage had the highest biogas yield of 263 and 273 mL/gVSadded, respectively, corresponding to 22 and 27% higher yield than the control. Additionally, a shorter lag phase was observed in both cases compared to the Control. However, the GBC amended samples showed relatively stable biogas production compared to GAC and consistent results regarding pH, alkalinity, total volatile fatty acids, and soluble chemical oxygen demand.
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