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Including Telemedicine Services within Ophthalmology: Evaluating Individual Interest and Identified Positive aspects.
In this review, we provide an update on the current evidence on this topic and on the contexts where this can be a useful adjunct to reach the histopathological diagnosis.Darier disease (DD) is a rare type of inherited keratinizing disorder with no definitive therapeutic approach. The objective of this study is to provide a detailed literature review of all the available treatment modalities of Darier disease, including those that are both surgical and non surgical, to compare their efficacies and to propose a novel therapeutic approach. A complete search of the literature for all articles describing the different treatments of Darier disease, with no restrictions on patients' ages, gender or nationalities, was performed with the use of PubMed. A total of 68 articles were included in the study 3 prospective studies, 44 case reports/case series and 21 letters/correspondences/clinical images. The treatments described were topical, oral or physical. Retinoids (isotretinoin, tazarotene and adapalene) and fluorouracil were the two most effective topical treatments. Oral retinoids were the most effective oral therapy and were prescribed in the cases of generalized Darier disease. For localized and resistant skin lesions, physical therapies including surgical excision, dermabrasion and CO2 laser ablation were the first line choices. Limitations of this article include the inability to verify the accuracy of the published data, the relatively small sample size, the absence of randomized controlled clinical trials and possible unidentified confounding factors in various studies. In every therapeutic approach to Darier disease, consideration of patient comorbidities, disease distribution, severity and treatment accessibility is essential. Large and randomized clinical trials are necessary for the comparison of the efficacy and the safety of all the treatments of Darier disease and settling a consensus for management.
Topical corticosteroids are the standard therapy for the treatment of alopecia areata. Recently, topical latanoprost has been found effective in the treatment of eyelash alopecia areata.

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of topical latanoprost ophthalmic solution (group 1) with that of topical betamethasone diproprionate lotion (group 2) in the treatment of localized alopecia areata.

This was a single-centre, randomized, two-armed, parallel-group efficacy trial. Fifty consecutive patients with localized alopecia areata were randomized in a 11 ratio to receive either topical latanoprost 0.005% ophthalmic solution or topical betamethasone diproprionate 0.05% lotion. Of these 50 patients, 44 patients (21 in group 1 and 23 in group 2) completed the treatment protocol.

The percentage reduction in area involved with alopecia areata at 16 weeks (primary outcome) was lower in latanoprost vs. betamethasone group (median [interquartile range], 11.1 [0-99.1] vs. 100% [13.6-100], P = 0.02). Significantly lesser patients in the latanoprost group had a complete response to treatment as compared to the betamethasone group (6 [24%] vs. 14 [56%], P = 0.02). The median (interquartile range) hair regrowth score was significantly lower in the latanoprost vs. the betamethasone group (1 [0-4.5] vs. 5 [1-5], P = 0.02). Subjects in the betamethasone group showed a more rapid reduction in the involved area.

Short duration of treatment and follow-up were limitations of this study.

Our results suggest that topical latanoprost 0.005% ophthalmic solution is less effective but safer than topical betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% lotion in the treatment of localized alopecia areata (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02350023).
Our results suggest that topical latanoprost 0.005% ophthalmic solution is less effective but safer than topical betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% lotion in the treatment of localized alopecia areata (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02350023).
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (dexamethasone) is a primary cause of secondary osteoporosis by the decreasing formation and increasing resorption activities. Previously, the
study showed that 70% ethanol and aqueous extract of deer antler have increased alkaline phosphatase in osteoblast cell that known as marker of bone formation. The mind of this study is to analyze the effect of deer antlers in increasing the bone trabecular density of osteoporosis-induced male mice.

This study used a post-test control group design. A total of 54 healthy male mice were randomly divided to nine groups, i.e.,healthy control, osteoporotic, positive control, 70% ethanol (4, 8, and 12mg/kg BW), and aqueous extracts (4, 8, and 12mg/kg BW) of deer antler groups. All of the interventions were given 1mL of test sample for 4weeks orally. The bone densities were determined using histomorphometry by Image J and Adobe Photoshop. The statistical data were performed using SPSS 23 and statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

The results showed that alendronate group, 70% ethanol, and aqueous extract groups increased bone density and calcium levels in serum (p<0.05) compared to osteoporotic group in dose dependent manner. It indicated that 70% ethanol and aqueous extract of deer antler stimulating bone turnover and aqueous extract showed the highest.

Dexamethasone induction for 4weeks caused osteoporotic mice and the administration of 70% ethanol and aqueous extracts of deer antler from East Kalimantan increased trabecular bone density and calcium levels in dose dependent manner.
Dexamethasone induction for 4 weeks caused osteoporotic mice and the administration of 70% ethanol and aqueous extracts of deer antler from East Kalimantan increased trabecular bone density and calcium levels in dose dependent manner.
Clinical studies have shown low toxicity and a favorable safety profile for sirolimus in vascular anomalies. Here, we describe severe adverse events (SAEs) observed during "off-label use" for vascular anomalies.

We performed a retrospective, multicenter chart review for SAEs during "off-label" sirolimus therapy for vascular anomalies and analyzed these cases by a predesigned workflow.

We identified 17 SAEs in 14 patients diagnosed with generalized lymphatic anomaly (n=4), Gorham-Stout disease (n=2), central conducting lymphatic anomaly (n=1), lymphatic malformation (n=4), tufted angioma (n=1), kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (n=1), and venous malformation in a patient with CLOVES syndrome (n=1). Three patients presented two SAEs each. The age at initiation of sirolimus therapy was under 2years (n=5), 2-6years (n=5), and older than 12years (n=4). SAEs occurred during the first 3months of sirolimus therapy (n=7), between 3 and 12months (n=7) and after 1year of therapy (n=3). The most frequent SAE was viray in early infancy. Presence of other risk factors, that is, underlying vascular anomaly or immune status, may contribute to the risk of SAEs. Sirolimus is an important therapeutic option for vascular anomalies, but patients and physicians need to be aware that adequate monitoring is necessary, especially in patients with complex lymphatic anomalies that are overrepresented in our cohort of SAEs.During postnatal development, colostrum and breastmilk are sequentially the first sources of nutrition with protein components and bioactive molecules that confer protection and immunostimulatory function to the gut. selleck screening library Caseins, whey proteins, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), mucins, tryptophan, and growth factors are among milk-borne elements that are directly important in the control of mucosa development and protection. Consequently, breastfeeding is associated with the low incidence of gastrointestinal inflammation and with the decrease in respiratory diseases during postnatal period. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) binds to angiotensin II-converting enzyme (ACE2) on the cell membrane, allowing virus entrance, replication, and host commitment. ACE2 is expressed by different cell types, which include ciliated cells in the lungs and enterocytes in the intestine. Such cells are highly active in metabolism, as they internalize molecules to be processed and used by the organism. The disruption of ACE2 impairs leads to intestinal inflammation and decreased synthesis of serotonin, affecting motility. By reviewing the effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts in infants, and gut responses to breastfeeding interruption, we suggest that it is important to maintain breastfeeding during SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it might be essential to protect newborns from gastrointestinal-associated disorders and relieve disease symptoms.
Obesity is associated with the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, not all patients with T2DM are obese. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is an experimental model of spontaneous and non-obese T2DM. There is evidence that the intestine contributes to IR development in GK animals. This information prompted us to investigate small intestine remodeling in this animal model.

Four-month-old male Wistar (control) and GK rats were utilized for the present study. After removing the small intestine, the duodenum, proximal jejunum, and distal ileum were separated. We then measured villi and muscular and mucosa layer histomorphometry, goblet cells abundance, total myenteric and submucosal neuron populations, and inflammatory marker expression in the small intestinal segments and intestinal transit of both groups of animals.

We found that the GK rats exhibited decreased intestinal area (p<0.0001), decreased crypt depth in the duodenum (p=0.01) and ileum (p<0.0001), in is associated with small intestine remodeling that includes marked alterations in small intestine morphology, local inflammation, and reduced intestinal transit.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by airway inflammation and progressive airflow limitation, whereas idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by a restrictive pattern due to fibrosis and impaired gas exchange. link2 We undertook metabolomic analysis of blood samples in IPF, COPD and healthy controls (HC) to determine differences in circulating molecules and identify novel pathogenic pathways. An untargeted metabolomics using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) was performed to profile plasma of patients with COPD (n = 21), and IPF (n = 24) in comparison to plasma from healthy controls (HC; n = 20). The most significant features were identified using multiple database matching. One-way ANOVA and variable importance in projection (VIP) scores were also used to highlight metabolites that influence the specific disease groups. Non-polar metabolites such as fatty acids (FA) and membrane lipids were well resolved and a total of 4805 features were identified. link3 The most prominent metabolite composition differences in lipid mediators identified at ∼2-3 fold higher in both diseases compared to HC were palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid; and dihydrotestosterone was lower in both diseases. We demonstrated that COPD and IPF were characterised by systemic changes in lipid constituents such as essential FA sampled from circulating plasma.
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