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LncRNA CASC2 Takes away Sepsis-induced Acute Bronchi Harm through Controlling the miR-152-3p/PDK4 Axis.
Heterozygous inactivating mutations in the glucokinase gene cause the mildest form of maturity-onset diabetes of the adolescents. However, homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the glucokinase gene are a rare cause of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. Herein, we present the case of a male child with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus whose mutational analysis revealed a novel homozygous deletion mutation in the glucokinase gene. The male proband of Turkish ancestry from consanguineous parents was born at 37 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 1870 g ( less then 3rd percentile). Hyperglycemia developed during the first postnatal day and diabetes-related autoantibodies were negative. FGF401 nmr He was put on insulin on the first day of life. Insulin has never been discontinued since then. The mother was aged 35 years and had gestational diabetes. The father and the two brothers had impaired fasting glucose. Both parents and brothers were heterozygous for this mutation.Rotor syndrome is defined as a self-limiting hyperbilirubinemia characterized by jaundice that does not need treatment, cause any morbidity or affect life expectancy. As far as the literature is evaluated, the number of patients with Rotor syndrome diagnosed at the molecular level is less than 20 until today. In this case presentation, we aimed to present two siblings with Rotor syndrome who were diagnosed at the molecular level. To the nest of our knowledge, these patients are the first Turkish patients with Rotor syndrome diagnosed at the molecular level.Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease that develops in low-birth-weight infants as a result of mechanical ventilation and oxygen toxicity in the early neonatal period. In these patients, mechanical ventilation and oxygen support are needed for a long time. We already use antenatal steroid, ventilation techniques with minimal baro/volutrauma, postnatal steroid, and vitamin A to prevent the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment is another way to reduce or stop the pathophysiologic pathways in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Herein, we present mesenchymal stem cell treatment and its outcomes in twins who were born with a gestational age of 26 weeks and diagnosed as having bronchopulmonary dysplasia (the female twin was born with a birth weight of 750 g and the male twin was born with a birth weight of 930 g). These patients were followed up with clinical findings, chest radiography, and lung ultrasonography.
Viral infections commonly affect kidney transplant recipients and may lead to graft failure and death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibody seroprevalence against viral agents in kidney transplant recipients.

The records of children who underwent kidney transplantation between 2008 and 2018 in Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine were retrospectively reviewed. Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, varicella, measles, rubella and mumps serologies evaluated before transplantation, were recorded. The clinical characteristics of seronegative and seropositive patients were compared, and factors that affected seropositivity were investigated.

The study included 253 children with a mean age of 16.7±6.23 years. The mean age at transplantation was 11.4±5.01 years. The seropositivity rates for vaccine-preventable viral infections varied hepatitis B 89.7%, hepatitis A 60.5%, measles 78.7%, rubella 88.1%, mumps 61.2%, and varicella 71.9%. Cytomegalovirus seropositify risky groups of patients and to immunize these patients before end-stage kidney disease develops.
Timely diagnosis and treatment of congenital pneumonia are crucial. A new hematologic parameter, immature platelet fraction, has been used to gather clinical information on the prognosis of thrombocytopenia, as well as to measure inflammatory activity in adult patients. This study aimed to compare immature platelet fraction and sepsis biomarkers in late-preterm infants diagnosed as having congenital pneumonia and to evaluate its predictive value for congenital pneumonia.

Late-preterms were categorized based on infectious vs. non-infectious etiology of respiratory distress. Two sets of blood samples for markers were taken at 12-24 (sample-1) and 48-72 hours (sample-2) after birth. Immature platelet fraction was measured using a Sysmex XN-3000 analyzer.

From a total of 30 non-thrombocytopenic late-preterms, 16 were included in the congenital pneumonia group and 14 comprised the transient tachypnea group. The groups were comparable in terms of gestational age, birth weight, and cesarean section rate. The proportion of prolonged membrane rupture was significantly higher in the congenital pneumonia group. Values of immature platelet fraction-1, immature platelet fraction-2, and procalcitonin-2 were significantly higher in the congenital pneumonia group than in the transient tachypnea group. No significant differences were found between the groups in other biomarkers. It was determined that an immature platelet fraction-1 cut-off value of 2.9% could predict congenital pneumonia with a sensitivity of 65%, a specificity of 71.4%, a positive predictive value of 70.5%, and negative predictive value of 63.7% (area under the curve=0.724; p=0.028).

Immature platelet fraction may have an early predictive role in the diagnosis of congenital pneumonia.
Immature platelet fraction may have an early predictive role in the diagnosis of congenital pneumonia.
To determine the attitudes of child and adolescent psychiatrists working in different institutions throughout Turkey towards smoking addiction and intervention steps.

An information form assessing physicians' 5As approach was established considering the studies included in the literature, and this form was applied to physicians working in the area of child psychiatry by way of e-mail and phone.

Although most physicians (52.5%) asked about smoking status, which is included in the first step in the 5As approach used in smoking cessation, it was observed that they implemented further steps of the 5As with gradually decreasing rates in our study. Only 15% of the physicians performed follow-up in smoking cessation treatment.

Physicians who work with pediatric and adolescent patients in Turkey have low levels of awareness about smoking addiction and they do not feel competent. Considering that tobacco and related addictions are gradually increasing in children and adolescents, physicians must receive training in the area of smoking cessation methods and start practicing these methods.
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