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Chronic Dietary Erythritol Coverage Enhances Plasma televisions Erythritol Awareness inside Rodents however Doesn't Lead to Putting on weight or even Adjust Glucose Homeostasis.
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess if bowel wall iodine density obtained from dual-source, dual-energy computed tomography enterography (DECTE) could be a biomarker of Crohn's disease activity. METHODS Twenty-two patients with Crohn's disease imaged with DECTE from February 2016 to May 2018 were retrospectively identified by departmental report search. Iodine maps were created with commercial software (Syngovia). Iodine content was normalized to the aorta, and then manual dual-energy region-of-interest cursors were placed over the visibly assessed maximal and minimal iodine density within segments of involved as well as unaffected small bowel. The mixed Hounsfield unit value, maximum iodine density (Imax), and minimum iodine density (Imin) were recorded. The length of affected bowel demonstrating maximum disease activity as a percentage of overall involvement was subjectively assessed. A weighted iodine density (Iweighted) was calculated. The clinical assessment of disease activity using erythted of greater than 3 mg/mL had clinically active disease. Using Crohn's disease activity index as the reference standard, all patients with Imin of greater than 2.7 mg/mL, Iweighted of greater than 3.6 mg/mL, or Imax of greater than 5.4 mg/mL had clinically active disease. The median effective dose was 4.64 ± 1.68 mSv (range, 2.03-8.12 mSv). CONCLUSIONS Iodine density obtained from DECTE highlights regions of maximal activity within affected bowel segments. An iodine density of 2 mg/mL appears to be a threshold between normal bowel segments and those with active Crohn's disease. Iodine density measurement thresholds Imin of greater than 2.6 mg/mL, Iweighted of greater than 3.3 mg/mL, and Imax of greater than 4.7 mg/mL correlate with established clinical markers of disease activity, with Imin seemingly most useful in daily clinical practice.OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of slice thickness, iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm, and kernel selection on measurement accuracy and interobserver variability for semiautomated renal cortex volumetry (RCV) with multislice computed tomography (CT). METHODS Ten patients (62.4 ± 17.2 years) undergoing abdominal biphasic multislice computed tomography were enrolled in this retrospective study. Computed tomography data sets were reconstructed at 1-, 2-, and 5-mm slice thickness with 2 different IR algorithms (iDose, IMRST) and 2 different kernels (IMRS and IMRR) (Philips, the Netherlands). Two readers independently performed semiautomated RCV for each reconstructed data set to calculate left kidney volume (LKV) and split renal function (SRF). Statistics were calculated using analysis of variance with Geisser-Greenhouse correction, followed by Tukey multiple comparisons post hoc test. Statistical significance was defined as P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Semiautomated RCV of 120 data sets (240 kidneys) was successfully performed by both readers. Semiautomated RCV provides comparable results for LKV and SRF with 3 different slice thicknesses, 2 different IR algorithms, and 2 different kernels. Only the 1-mm slice thickness showed significant differences for LKV between IMRR and IMRS (P = 0.02, mean difference = 4.28 bb) and IMRST versus IMRS (P = 0.02, mean difference = 4.68 cm) for reader 2. Interobserver variability was low between both readers irrespective of slice thickness and reconstruction algorithm (0.82 ≥ P ≥ 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Semiautomated RCV measurements of LKV and SRF are independent of slice thickness, IR algorithm, and kernel selection. These findings suggest that comparisons between studies using different slice thicknesses and reconstruction algorithms for RCV are valid.OBJECTIVE We developed a patient-specific contrast enhancement optimizer (p-COP) that can exploratorily calculate the contrast injection protocol required to obtain optimal enhancement at target organs using a computer simulator. Appropriate contrast media dose calculated by the p-COP may minimize interpatient enhancement variability. Our study sought to investigate the clinical utility of p-COP in hepatic dynamic computed tomography (CT). METHODS One hundred thirty patients (74 men, 56 women; median age, 65 years) undergoing hepatic dynamic CT were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 contrast media injection protocols using a random number table. Group A (n = 65) was injected with a p-COP-determined iodine dose (developed by Higaki and Awai, Hiroshima University, Japan). JAK/stat pathway In group B (n = 65), a standard protocol was used. The variability of measured CT number (SD) between the 2 groups of aortic and hepatic enhancement was compared using the F test. In the equivalence test, the equivalence margins for aortic and hepatandard injection protocol for hepatic dynamic CT.OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess if dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) quantitative analysis and radiomics can differentiate normal liver, hepatic steatosis, and cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our retrospective study included 75 adult patients (mean age, 54 ± 16 years) who underwent contrast-enhanced, dual-source DECT of the abdomen. We used Dual-Energy Tumor Analysis prototype for semiautomatic liver segmentation and DECT and radiomic features. The data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression and random forest classifier to determine area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS Iodine quantification (AUC, 0.95) and radiomic features (AUC, 0.97) differentiate between healthy and abnormal liver. Combined fat ratio percent and mean mixed CT values (AUC, 0.99) were the strongest differentiators of healthy and steatotic liver. The most accurate differentiating parameters of normal liver and cirrhosis were a combination of first-order statistics (90th percentile), gray-level run length matrix (short-run low gray-level emphasis), and gray-level size zone matrix (gray-level nonuniformity normalized; AUC, 0.99). CONCLUSION Dual-energy computed tomography iodine quantification and radiomics accurately differentiate normal liver from steatosis and cirrhosis from single-section analyses.PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare hepatic vascular and parenchymal image quality between direct and peristaltic contrast injectors during hepatic computed tomography (HCT). METHODS Patients (n = 171) who underwent enhanced HCT and had both contrast media protocols and injector systems were included; group A direct-drive injector with fixed 100 mL contrast volume (CV), and group B peristaltic injector with weight-based CV. Opacification, contrast-to-noise ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, radiation dose, and CV for liver parenchyma and vessels in both groups were compared by paired t test and Pearson correlation. Receiver operating characteristic curve, visual grading characteristics, and Cohen κ were used. RESULTS Contrast-to-noise ratio compared with hepatic vein for functional liver, contrast-to-noise ratio was higher in group B (2.17 ± 0.83) than group A (1.82 ± 0.63); portal vein higher in group B (2.281 ± 0.96) than group A (2.00 ± 0.66). Signal-to-noise ratio for functional liver was higher in group B (5.
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