Notes

The Structure of Conduct as Oneness of Therapy As outlined by Mariano Yela.
To examine the relationship between ultrasonic findings and positive expression of Ki67 and P53 in breast cancer.

Surgical resection specimens of 263 breast cancer lesions were examined. Ultrasound examination and pathological examination were performed on each lesion for retrospective analysis. We applied regression analysis to the ultrasonic features related to the positive expression of Ki67 and P53 and obtained the corresponding models. To analyze diagnostic efficiency, we calculated the area under the curve (AUC). Additionally, we created a heat map to show the results of the cluster analysis.

Lesions with higher Ki67 expression were associated with posterior acoustic enhancement, absence of an echo halo and a higher Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category. P53-positive cancer were associated with an absence of an echo halo and a higher BI-RADS category. The AUC of the regression models of Ki67 and P53 was 0.78 and 0.71, respectively.

Our study revealed that breast cancer ultrasonic findings were closely related to expression of molecular indicators, suggesting that ultrasound can be used to provide useful information to clinicians.
Our study revealed that breast cancer ultrasonic findings were closely related to expression of molecular indicators, suggesting that ultrasound can be used to provide useful information to clinicians.This study investigated the effects of participants' sex and the facial trustworthiness of proposers on third-party decision-making. Sixty-three participants participated in this study. The participant's task was to act as an interest-free third party who observed a dictator game in which proposers with either trustworthy or untrustworthy faces made offers to recipients, to evaluate the reasonableness of the offers, and to express their intentions to punish the proposers. The results showed that offers from trustworthy proposers were rated as more reasonable than offers from untrustworthy proposers. Similarly, the participants were more likely to punish untrustworthy proposers than trustworthy proposers. In addition, there was a trend that male participants punished proposers more severely than female participants when proposers made unfair offers. These results demonstrate that an individual's facial trustworthiness affects other people's judgment and decisions.Sorafenib has become the only FDA-approved first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for more than 10 years, but there is still no validated predictive or prognostic marker. Peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) is a functionally unknown gene in cancer research. This study aimed to determine the exact function of PI16 in HCC and whether it can represent as a biomarker for sorafenib response. We found that PI16 was over expressed in HCC tissues vs paired normal tissues. PI16 knockdown sensitize HCC cells to sorafenib treatment both in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic PI16 expression produced the opposite effect. Mechanistically, PI16 could suppress p38 MAPK/caspase-dependent apoptosis in this process, and p38 MAPK inhibitor reversed the sorafenib sensitive phenotype caused by PI16 inhibition. Clinically, immunohistochemistry was used to detect PI16 levels in resected patients with HCC prior to sorafenib treatment. We showed that high PI16 levels represented an independent risk factor for disease progression in patients treated with sorafenib. Patients with low PI16 showed significantly better progression free survival and overall survival after sorafenib therapy. In conclusion, PI16 attenuates response to sorafenib treatment in HCC, and may be a helpful prognostic biomarker of sorafenib treatment.Our visual system is able to extract information on facial attractiveness from groups of faces that contain both coarse and detailed information. This raises the question What information is extracted from a face group? Is the attractiveness perception of multiple faces driven by high or low spatial frequency that can highlight the local or global information of the faces, respectively? In the first experiment, we adapted participants to four unattractive faces with full bandwidth (FB), high spatial frequency (HSF), and low spatial frequency (LSF). We observed significant aftereffects in the HSF faces adaptation condition, which suggests that the perception of multiple unattractive faces is largely driven by HSF information. In the second experiment, we found a similar but different pattern in the direct-rating tasks, suggesting distinct perception mechanisms in unattractive versus attractive faces. In the third experiment, both the adaptation and direct-rating paradigms suggested that perception of multiple attractive faces is largely driven by LSF information. Overall, results from the three experiments together found that perception of multiple attractive and unattractive faces depends on visual information from different spatial frequencies, suggesting distinctive mechanisms in processing attractive and unattractive groups of faces.The synthesis of nickel cobalt oxide materials and their electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions are reported. Nickel cobalt oxides were synthesized in a sol-gel process with different precursors, namely nitrate, sulfate, and chloride. Structural analyses show that the structures have mesoporous morphologies and indicate the formation of nickel cobalt oxide spinel structures with a size ranging from 35 to 65 nm. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties differ depending on the nature of the selected precursors, including the materials' morphology and the chemical composition. PHI-101 Electrocatalytic investigations demonstrate that the catalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) could be modulated between two- and four-electron pathways, depending on the precursors used. The Cl-NiCoO sample displays a selective two-electron reduction of O2 , with H2 O2 production higher than 90 %. The sample prepared using sulfate displays the highest performance toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with a low overpotential value (0.34 V) to drive a current density of 10 mA.cm-1 . Overall, these results confirm that the chemical composition of the precursor used during the nanomaterials synthesis can be used to tune the electrocatalytic performances toward ORR and OER.
Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) is a paradoxical acceleration of tumor growth after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. This study aimed to identify the risk factors and to present a predictive model for HPD in patients treated with ICIs.

A total of 78 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, treated with at least two cycles of ICIs who underwent computed tomography (CT) for response assessment were recruited into the study from January 2016 to August 2019. HPD was defined by the following criteria (i) time-to-treatment failure <2 months; (ii) a 50% increase in the sum of target lesion diameters; (iii) new development of at least two lesions in an already involved organ; (iv) appearance of a new organ lesion; and (v) a decrease in ECOG PS 2.

Of the 78 total patients, 15 (19.2%) had HPD. The risk factors of HPD were age; primary lesion size; and metastases in the contralateral lung, pleura, liver, and bone in multivariable logistic regression (odds ratio [OR]; 0.9038, 1.6619, 28.5913, 23.8264.Basket trials are a recent and innovative approach in oncological clinical trial design. A basket trial is a type of clinical trial for which eligibility is based on the presence of a specific genomic alteration, irrespective of cancer type. Additionally, basket trials are often used to evaluate the response rate of an investigational therapy across several types of cancer. Recently developed statistical methods for evaluating the response rate in basket trials can be generally categorized into two groups (a) those that account for the degrees of homogeneity/heterogeneity of response rates among subpopulations, and (b) those using borrowed response rate information across subpopulations to improve the statistical efficiency using Bayesian hierarchical models. In this study, we developed a new basket trial design that accounts for the uncertainties of homogeneity and heterogeneity of response rates among subpopulations using the Bayesian model averaging approach. We demonstrated the utility of the proposed method by comparing our approach against other methods for the two methodological groups using simulated and actual data. On an average, the proposed methods offered an intermediate performance between the BHM-weak and BHM-strong methods. The proposed method would be useful for "signal-finding" basket trials without prior information on the treatment effect of an investigational drug, in part because the proposed method does not require specifications regarding prior distributions of homogeneity response rates among subpopulations.
To determine clinical risk factors in patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)<10ng/mL.

In this prospective study, all patients underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Following the 2-5 core fusion-targeted biopsy, standard 12-core prostate biopsy was performed in each patient (combined biopsy). The cutoff values were calculated with receiver-operating characteristic analysis. First, univariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between total eight parameters and prostate cancer. Subsequently, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to the parameters associated with prostate cancer.

Two hundred and eighty-eight patients were included in the study. Some clinical parameters are determined to be significant in univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, including PSA, free/total PSA ratio, PSA density (PSA/total prostate volume), positive family history of PCa, and PI-RADS 3 lesion diameter. Patients were classified between 0 and 5 according to the number of risk factors. While the risk of cancer was 7.1% in patients with one or less risk factors, the PCA rate was 45.2% among patients with all risk factors.

In patients with PI-RADS 3 lesion and PSA<10ng/mL, histopathological results of biopsy can be estimated with higher accuracy using some clinical parameters.
In patients with PI-RADS 3 lesion and PSA less then 10 ng/mL, histopathological results of biopsy can be estimated with higher accuracy using some clinical parameters.Nucleotide substitution in codon 304 of HLA-A*02070101 or HLA-A*02070102 results in a novel allele, HLA-A*02935.
Anti-HER2 therapy-related cardiotoxicity is well described in the context of clinical trials, particularly in the setting of early stage disease, but there is more limited data in advanced breast cancer and in the real world setting.

A prospectively-maintained registry database with 312 consecutive patients diagnosed with HER2 positive advanced breast cancer in Australia was analysed.

287 patients (92%) received anti-HER2 therapy, 17 (6%) experienced anti-HER2 therapy-related cardiotoxicity. Patients who experienced cardiotoxicity were more likely to have ≥2 risk factors for cardiotoxicity (OR 3.9 95% CI 1.4-11.3 p = 0.01). A prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with cardiotoxicity (OR 7.1 95% CI 1.3-39.5). Cardiotoxicity resolved on imaging in 65% of patients; there was no association between severity and resolution. 11 patients (65%) received cardiologist input. Of the patients who developed cardiotoxicity, 12 patients (71%) received further anti-HER2 therapy in the first- or second-line setting without recurrent cardiotoxicity.
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