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Some studies have shown that augmenting buspirone with antidepressant has similar efficacy as the combination with two antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Some researchers assume that the antidepressant boosting effect of buspirone is revealed under a poop-out state, which means a phenomenon where some patients having an initial response to an antidepressant may worsen or not improve any more even though they continue treatment because of serotonin depletion. Loudness dependence of auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) is a reliable marker of central serotonergic activity, and is inversely correlated with central serotonergic activity. Thus LDAEP will be a biological marker for prediction of treatment response with buspirone augmentation with SSRI because it can measure central serotonergic activity such as serotonin depletion. Two cases will be introduced and the literature evidence about whether LDAEP can predict the treatment response of buspirone augmentation in patients with MDD will be reviewed.OBJECTIVE This study investigates the association between mental disorders and interferon nontreatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a large national sample. METHODS Using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, we conducted a nationwide population-based study. Each case was matched to five controls by age, sex, urbanization, and income. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess odds of HCV nontreatment in different mental disorders. RESULTS From 1999 to 2013, we identified 92,970 subjects with HCV infection and 15,495 HCV cases (16.7%) had received IFN therapy. Other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the medical diseases and mental disorders were significantly different between IFN and non-IFN treated HCV patients. After adjusting for medical diseases, depressive disorder and anxiety disorder was positively associated with receiving IFN therapy. Patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and alcohol use disorders were significantly less likely to receive interferon. Antidepressant exposure (cumulative daily exposure or cumulative daily dose) was associated with lower odds of IFN treatment. CONCLUSION Our nationwide cohort study demonstrated that INF nontreatment rate was lower in certain mental disorders. Antidepressant exposure might lower the chance of receiving IFN treatment. Our results may help to identify and to overcome the obstacles for HCV treatment and further apply to DAAs regimen.BACKGROUND/AIM Tuberculosis is still one of the most contagious diseases around the world. Key factors of tuberculosis control are rapid diagnostic, efficient treatment and prevention of contamination by surveillance and monitoring. However, culture is the gold standard method for laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis; the results are several weeks to obtain. In order to prevent contamination of tuberculosis, diagnosis must be made in short time and treatment should be started as soon as possible The aim of this study is to optimize the loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method, which provides a much faster and more sensitive result than PCR method and allows the replication of target nucleic acid sequences under isothermal conditions without the need for laboratory infrastructure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sputum samples were homogenized with 5% trypsin solution in CaCl2 to obtain DNA. DNA was purified using QIAGEN QIAamp DNA mini kit. LAMP primers were design using Primer explorer V5 program according to IS6110 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. NEB Bst 3.0 DNA polymerase kit was used for LAMP reactions. Besides, LAMP reactions were compared with TaqMan based RT-PCR method using NEB's Taq polymerase kit. Finally, for visualization of LAMP products, lateral flow dipsticks that produced by Milenia Biotec, colorimetric 2X LAMP master mix that produced by NEB and %2 w/v agarose gel electrophoresis methods were used. RESULTS Optimum amplification temperature for LAMP was found to be 71.4 °C. The detection limit of the method was 102 CFU/ml and sensitivity was determined 100% compared to five different Mycobacterium species. CONCLUSION The current study indicated that the LAMP-LFD and colorimetric LAMP protocol optimized with sputum samples can be reliable used as a rapid, sensitive and specific assay in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the field.OBJECTIVE Muslims worship by fasting from pre-dawn (suhoor) until sunset (iftar) for 30 days in the religious month of Ramadan. In addition to prolonged hunger, patients fasting with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism take their doses of levothyroxine (LT4) outside of daytime fasting hours. The purpose of our study is; to compare the values of hypothyroid patients which have been obtained through thyroid function tests both before and after Ramadan. SUBJECT AND METHODS Ninety-seven patients; who are ranging from 18 to 65 years old, who were followed with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism, who fasted during Ramadan, and who had no change of their LT4 dose for at least for 6 months were included in the study. RESULTS The median serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level of patients prior to fasting was 2.19 mIU/L, while median serum TSH after fasting was 2.73 mIU/L. Serum TSH values after Ramadan increased significantly compared to those prior to Ramadan (p=0.004). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a significant increase in serum TSH levels after Ramadan but no significant change in serum free thyroxine (fT4) levels in hypothyroidism patients who are fasting. It may be appropriate to take precaution by making a small increase in LT4 dose before Ramadan in some hypothyroid patients wishing to fast.BACKGROUND/AIM Peritoneal sclerosis may be observed in varied manifestations; however, the most serious form is the encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis. We researched the effect of rituximab on peritoneal fibrosis in an experimental rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS 24 Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups. During weeks 0-3; Group I received isotonic saline (IS) solution, group II, Group III and Group IV received Chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) via intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. In the next 3 weeks nothing adminestred to both Group I and Group II but IS solution was adminestred to Group III via i.p. route and 375 mg/m2/week rituximab was applied intravenously on days 21, 28 and 35 to Group IV. Fibrosis, peritoneal thickness and inflammation were evaluated. Immunohistochemical methods used for the detection of matrix MMP-2, TGF-ß1, and VGEF expressions. RESULTS The rituximab group had significantly lower fibrosis and peritoneal thickness scores than the group II and III (p less then 0.001). TGF-ß1 and VEGF expressions were significantly lower in the rituximab group than in the group II and III (p less then 0.001). CONCLUSION We found that rituximab had a significant effect on the peritoneal thickness, total fibrosis, TGF-ß1 and VGEF scores which were induced by CG.I have written my reflections on an article published in the Feb 2019 issue of T.J.M.S (Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences) as a letter to the Editor category manuscript (Comment on Which nostril should be used for nasotracheal intubation with Airtraq NT® the right or left?). I have submitted the manuscript on the website of the journal. I request the Editor-in-Chief of T.J.M.S to consider it for possible publication in the esteemed journal T.J.M.S.BACKGROUND/AIM Although many techniques have been described until today, male sling operation and artificial urinary sphincter implantation are common methods for treating urinary incontinence. But there are some handicaps with these methods such as infection, urethral erosion, pain, inefficiency and technical difficulties of operations. We described a new device named Turkish Continence Device (TCD) which had some advantage over the other methods. The aim of this study to experiment the prototype of TCD in vivo and ex vivo in terms of its efficiency, convenience of implantation and negative effects. check details MATERIALS AND METHODS We implanted prototype device in male goats and sheep for compressing posterior urethra and fixed it by sutures on lateral sides of cavernosal bodies bilaterally. Than we obtain some urodynamic findings and urinary imaging. Additionally we measured urethral closure pressure ex vivo. RESULTS New device's balloon volume for efficient urethral closure pressure was under 1 ml. It compresses urethra towards corpus cavernosum perfectly because the prototype device's wings fixed so near place, tunica of cavernosal bodies on each side. CONCLUSION Therefore a smaller device with small arms/wings would be efficient for obtaining enough pressure on urethra. Additionally the technique for implanting the device is very easy and learning curve of the operation would be very short probably.BACKGROUND/AIM Critically ill patients are at risk of developing gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding due to stress causing mucosal damage. Aim of the study was to determine the effect of oral/ enteral nutrition with or without concomitant pantoprazole on upper GI bleeding in low risk critically ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter study conducted with intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving oral/enteral nutritional support. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups including intervention group (received oral/EN plus pantoprazole) and control group (received only oral/EN). RESULTS A total of 300 patients (intervention group 152, control group 148) participated in the study. Overall, 226 (75 %) patients were fed by oral and 74 (25%) patients fed by enteral tube. Median duration of nutritional support 4 (range 2-33) days. Overt upper GI bleeding was noted only in one patient (0.65%) who was in the intervention group. The overall length of ICU stay of 4 (2-105) days, while ICU stay was significantly longer in the intervention group than in the control group (p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS Our findings seems to indicate that in patients who are at low risk for GI bleeding and under oral/enteral nutritional support, the use of PPIs may not reduce the risk of bleeding, however these results are imprecise because of low event (GI bleeding) rate and limited power.AIM To investigate the effect of intravitreal golimumab on rabbit retina histopathology. METHODS Sixteen albino New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups. The right eye of each rabbit in groups I, II, and III received a single intravitreal injection of 5 mg/0.05 ml (6 eyes), 10 mg/0.1 ml (6 eyes) or 20 mg/0.2 ml (4 eyes) golimumab, while left eyes served as controls with the same volume of a balanced salt solution injection. All animals were examined using slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy before and after intravitreal injection and at days 1 and 7. Animals were euthanized on day 7 and the eyes were enucleated for immunohistochemistry evaluation and electron microscopic examination of the retinas. RESULTS For groups I, II, and III, the number of cells in the outer nuclear layer and the inner nuclear layer was decreased compared to those in the control groups. In group I, the percentage of caspase-3 staining of the outer nuclear layer was significantly higher than that in the control.
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