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Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise intensity on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver fat reduction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) over 3 months and the maintenance of improvements over 12 months. Methods Forty-two participants with CAD were randomized to three sessions/week of either 4 × 4-minute high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or 40 minutes of usual care moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for a 4-week supervised cardiac rehabilitation program, followed by three home-based sessions/week for 11 months. Liver fat (as intrahepatic lipid) and VAT were measured via magnetic resonance techniques. Data are mean change (95% CI). Results HIIT and MICT significantly reduced VAT over 3 months (-350 [-548 to -153] cm3 vs. -456 [-634 to -278] cm3 ; time × group effect P = 0.421), with further improvement over 12 months (-545 [-818 to -271] cm3 vs. -521 [-784 to -258] cm3 ; time × group effect P = 0.577) and no differences between groups. Both groups improved liver fat over 3 months, with HIIT tending to show greater reduction than MICT (-2.8% [-4.0% to -1.6%] vs. -1.4% [-2.4% to -0.4%]; time × group effect P = 0.077). After 12 months, improvements were maintained to a similar degree. Higher exercise intensity predicted liver fat reduction (β = -0.3 [-0.7 to 0.0]; P = 0.042). Conclusions HIIT and MICT reduced VAT over 3 and 12 months. For liver fat, HIIT tended to provide a slightly greater reduction compared with MICT. These findings support HIIT as a beneficial adjunct or alternative to MICT for reducing visceral and liver fat in patients with CAD.MICA*067 differs from MICA*0040101 by a single nucleotide change in exon 3, 374 A>G.Objective Eating out of phase with the endogenous biological clock alters clock and metabolic gene expression in rodents and can induce obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diet composition can also affect clock gene expression. selleck chemical Here, we assessed the combined effect of diet composition and feeding time on (1) body composition, (2) energy balance, and (3) circadian expression of hepatic clock and metabolic genes. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed a chow or a free-choice high-fat, high-sugar (fcHFHS) diet, either ad libitum or with food access restricted to either the light or dark period. Body weight, adiposity, and hepatic fat accumulation as well as hepatic clock and metabolic mRNA expression were measured after 5 weeks of diet. Energy expenditure was measured using calorimetric cages. Results Animals with access to the fcHFHS diet only during the light period showed more hepatic fat accumulation than fcHFHS dark-fed animals despite less calories consumed. In contrast, within the chow-fed groups, light-fed animals showed the lowest hepatic fat content, but they also showed the lowest caloric intake. Locomotor activity and heat production followed feeding times, except in the fcHFHS light-fed group. Hepatic clock and metabolic gene expression rhythms also followed timing of food intake. Yet, in the fcHFHS light-fed animals, clock gene expression appeared 3 hours advanced compared with chow light-fed animals, an effect not observed in the fcHFHS dark-fed animals. Conclusions A fcHFHS diet consumed in the light period promotes hepatic fat accumulation and advances clock gene expression in male Wistar rats, likely because of a mismatch between energy intake and expenditure.Early-life factors including preterm birth and VLBW increase the risk of hypertension, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Reductions in the anti-aging protein α-klotho are associated with hypertension, possibly due to angiotensin (Ang) II activation, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood and clinical evidence is lacking. The association of α-klotho with the alternative Ang-(1-7) pathway, which counteracts Ang II to lower BP, is undescribed. We hypothesized that lower urinary α-klotho is associated with higher BP and lower urinary Ang-(1-7) in preterm-born VLBW young adults. In a cross-sectional analysis of data from a prospective cohort of 141 preterm-born VLBW young adults, we assessed the associations among urinary α-klotho/creatinine, Ang II/creatinine, Ang-(1-7)/creatinine, Ang II/Ang-(1-7), and BP using generalized linear models adjusted for age and hypertensive pregnancy and conducted a sensitivity analysis in 32 term-born young adults. Among those born preterm, lower α-klotho/creatinine was associated with higher systolic BP (adjusted β (aβ) -2.58 mm Hg, 95% CI -4.99 to -0.17), lower Ang-(1-7)/creatinine (ln aβ 0.1, 0.04-0.16), and higher Ang II/Ang-(1-7) (ln aβ -0.14, -0.21 to -0.07). In term-born participants, α-klotho/creatinine was inversely associated with Ang II/creatinine (ln aβ -0.15, -0.27 to -0.03) and Ang II/Ang-(1-7) (ln aβ -0.15, -0.27 to -0.03). In preterm-born young adults with VLBW, lower urinary α-klotho/creatinine was associated with higher SBP, lower urinary Ang-(1-7)/creatinine, and higher urinary Ang II/Ang-(1-7). Reduced renal α-klotho expression could lead to renal Ang-(1-7) suppression as a novel mechanism for the development of hypertension among individuals born preterm with VLBW.Introduction Hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid are used to restore volume, hydration and skin tone, as well as to correct scars, asymmetries or defects of the soft tissue. Hyaluronic acid is often chemically crosslinked with different crosslinking agents in order to improve its mechanical and biological properties. Here we focused on defining the chemical and mechanical characterization of a new hydrogel with specific characteristics hyaluronic acid polyethylene glycol (PEG)-crosslinked with a high concentration of hyaluronic acid (28 mg / ml), manufactured by MatexLab Spa, via Carlo Urbani 2, ang Via Enrico Fermi, Brindisi, Italy. Methods We made a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of sodium hyaluronate in the hydrogel after polymerization and sterilization processes and also evaluated histologically the bio integration of these hydrogels in the cutaneous soft tissues. Results The results suggest that hyaluronic acid hydrogel PEG-crosslinked have great bio integration, great chemical and mechanical properties, compared with other products available on the market, that are cross-linked with different cross-linking agents.
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