Notes

Low gentle acclimation method of the particular brownish macroalga Undaria pinnatifida: significance of lipid and fatty acid redecorating regarding photosynthetic proficiency.
Intestinal microbiota and metabolites play important roles for further improvement of animal production. Metabolomics of shrimp intestine to understand roles and their relationship to the host is hampered by the lack of metabolome profiling method.

This study aims to develop extraction and analytical methods to allow accurate metabolic analysis in shrimp intestine.

Conditions for extraction and LC-HRMS/MS analysis were optimized.

Extraction with ethyl acetateacetone (152 v/v) acidified with 0.5% acetic acid, elution with acetonitrilewater acidified with 0.01% acetic acid for 25min, and mass fragmentation at 15% HCD were the optimal conditions, yielding the highest signal intensity and numbers of putative metabolites.

Our method enabled in-depth study for shrimp-microbial interaction at metabolite level.
Our method enabled in-depth study for shrimp-microbial interaction at metabolite level.
Metabolic divergence of macrophages polarized into different phenotypes represents a mechanistically relevant target for non-invasive characterization of atherosclerotic plaques using positron emission tomography (PET). Carbon-11 (
C)-labeled acetate is a clinically available tracer which accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques, but its biological and clinical correlates in atherosclerosis are undefined.

Histological correlates of
C-acetate uptake were determined in brachiocephalic arteries of western diet-fed apoE
mice. The effect of polarizing stimuli on
C-acetate uptake was determined by proinflammatory (interferon-γ + lipopolysaccharide) vs inflammation-resolving (interleukin-4) stimulation of murine macrophages and human carotid endarterectomy specimens over 2 days.
C-acetate accumulated in atherosclerotic regions of arteries. Serine inhibitor CD68-positive monocytes/macrophages vs smooth muscle actin-positive smooth muscle cells were the dominant cells in regions with high vs low
C-acetate uptake.
C-acetate uptake progressively decreased in proinflammatory macrophages to 25.9 ± 4.5% of baseline (P < .001). A delayed increase in
C-acetate uptake was induced in inflammation-resolving macrophages, reaching to 164.1 ± 21.4% (P < .01) of baseline. Consistently, stimulation of endarterectomy specimens with interferon-γ + lipopolysaccharide decreased
C-acetate uptake to 66.5 ± 14.5%, while interleukin-4 increased
C-acetate uptake to 151.5 ± 25.8% compared to non-stimulated plaques (P < .05).

Acetate uptake by macrophages diverges upon proinflammatory and inflammation-resolving stimulation, which may be exploited for immunometabolic characterization of atherosclerosis.
Acetate uptake by macrophages diverges upon proinflammatory and inflammation-resolving stimulation, which may be exploited for immunometabolic characterization of atherosclerosis.The development of tumors is a complex pathological process involving multiple factors, multiple steps, and multiple genes. Their prevention and treatment have always been a difficult problem at present. A large number of studies have proved that the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the progression of tumors. The tumor microenvironment is the place where tumor cells depend for survival, and it plays an important role in regulating the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. P2X purinergic receptors, which depend on the ATP ion channel, can be activated by ATP in the tumor microenvironment, and by mediating tumor cells and related cells (such as immune cells) in the tumor microenvironment. They play an important regulatory role on the effects of the skeleton, membrane fluidity, and intracellular molecular metabolism of tumor cells. Therefore, here, we outlined the biological characteristics of P2X purinergic receptors, described the effect of tumor microenvironment on tumor progression, and discussed the effect of ATP on tumor. Moreover, we explored the role of P2X purinergic receptors in the development of tumors and anti-tumor therapy. These data indicate that P2X purinergic receptors may be used as another potential pharmacological target for tumor prevention and treatment.Mesenchymal stem cells represent an important resource, for bone regenerative medicine and therapeutic applications. This review focuses on new advancements and biophysical tools which exploit different physical and chemical markers of mesenchymal stem cell populations, to finely characterize phenotype changes along their osteogenic differentiation process. Special attention is paid to recently developed label-free methods, which allow monitoring cell populations with minimal invasiveness. Among them, quantitative phase imaging, suitable for single-cell morphometric analysis, and nanoindentation, functional to cellular biomechanics investigation. Moreover, the pool of ion channels expressed in cells during differentiation is discussed, with particular interest for calcium homoeostasis.Altogether, a biophysical perspective of osteogenesis is proposed, offering a valuable tool for the assessment of the cell stage, but also suggesting potential physiological links between apparently independent phenomena.
Activin A receptor type 2A (ACVR2A) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) gastric cancer. However, the clinical relevance of the ACVR2A mutation in MSI-H gastric cancer patients remains unclear. The aims of this study were to explore the effect of ACVR2A mutation on the tumor behavior and to identify the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients with ACVR2A mutations.

An in vitro study was performed to investigate the biological role of ACVR2A via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ACVR2A knockout MKN74 human gastric cancer cells. One hundred twenty-four patients with gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed, and relations between MSI status, ACVR2A mutations, and clinicopathological factors were evaluated.

ACVR2A knockout cells showed less aggressive tumor biology than mock-transfected cells, displaying reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion (P < 0.05). MSI mutations were found in 10% (13/124) of gastric cancer patients, and ACVR2A mutations were found in 8.1% (10/124) of patients. All ACVR2A mutations were accompanied by MSI. The 5-year overall survival rates of ACVR2A wild-type patients and ACVR2A-mutated patients were 57% and 90%, respectively (P = 0.048). Multivariate analysis revealed that older age (P = 0.015), distant metastasis (P < 0.001), and ACVR2A wild-type status (P = 0.040) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival.

Our study demonstrated that gastric cancer patients with ACVR2A mutation have a significantly better prognosis than those without. Dysfunction of ACVR2A in MKN74 human gastric cancer cells caused less aggressive tumor biology, indicating the importance of ACVR2A in the progression of MSI-H tumors.
Our study demonstrated that gastric cancer patients with ACVR2A mutation have a significantly better prognosis than those without. Dysfunction of ACVR2A in MKN74 human gastric cancer cells caused less aggressive tumor biology, indicating the importance of ACVR2A in the progression of MSI-H tumors.
Poor preoperative nutritional and immunological status are major risk factors for postoperative complications in patients with various malignancies. Lower preoperative prognostic nutrition index (PNI) is associated with higher rates of postoperative complications and poorer prognosis in those patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive value of the PNI for post-hepatectomy complications in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and evaluate its utility in the surgical procedure.

This retrospective study included 510 patients who underwent open hepatectomies for HCC. The predictive value of the preoperative nutritional and immunological status for postoperative complications was assessed using the PNI. Postoperative complications were defined as grade II or higher per the Clavien-Dindo classification. Postoperative complication rates were compared according to surgical procedure (major hepatectomy vs minor hepatectomy).

Patients with postoperative complications had significantly lower PNIs than those without (43.1 ± 5.5 vs 47.0 ± 5.7, P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, low preoperative PNI (< 45) was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications after hepatectomy (hazard ratio, 3.85). When patients were classified per their PNI (high vs low) and extent of surgical procedures (major vs minor), there were more complications among patients with low PNI than those with high PNI, regardless of the extent of surgical procedures. Specifically, the group of patients with low PNI who underwent major hepatectomy had significantly higher rates of postoperative complications than the other groups.

Adding the resection range to the PNI is useful for predicting the postoperative morbidities of hepatectomy patients.
Adding the resection range to the PNI is useful for predicting the postoperative morbidities of hepatectomy patients.Perioperative management entails the multiple substeps in the performance of major abdominal surgery that are considered relevant for an optimal outcome. The PG/CME symposium of the SSAT 2018 provided a set of key talks that the authors subsequently summarized in the respective subsections of this summary article. Highlights topics included oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel prep, surgical site infections, DVT prophylaxis, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), and narcotic-sparing pain management.
Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity; however, some patients experience significant weight regain. Weight loss medications (WLM) are being increasingly used in surgery patients with limited evidence. We examine weight loss outcomes in patients using WLM after bariatric surgery.

In a retrospective study, 197 bariatric surgery patients who started WLM between 2016 and 2019 at a single center were analyzed. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on outcomes of the initial surgery (1) Weight regainers (WR) = achieved goal weight loss after surgery (15% total body weight loss (TBWL) for sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and 25% TBWL for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)) with subsequent regain of > 20% of weight lost; (2) Adequate weight loss (AWL) = achieved goal weight loss without > 20% weight regain; (3) Non-responders (NR) = never achieved goal weight loss. Weight loss and medication use patterns were analyzed.

Among the three categories, there was no significant difference in er total weight loss. Phentermine + topiramate is the most effective WLM in post-bariatric surgery patients.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the beliefs, opinions, and experiences of medical students from a Catholic confessional university concerning spirituality in medical practice. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study with a sample of 323 undergraduate students, of which 162 were in their first two years of their studies and 161 in the final two years. A validated questionnaire consisting of 58 questions was applied. Although the spiritual dimension was recognized as important for patient care, 95% of students were not familiar with spiritual and religious issues. Advanced students reported that they had not received adequate training in this area. Therefore, this topic should be included in the medical curriculum, preferably in the first years.
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