Notes

Faith based well being of scholars within authorities health-related universities involving Kolkata and their coping capabilities in the turmoil situation.
Methods a cross-sectional study with women recently diagnosed with gynecological tumors. Nutritional status was assessed using conventional anthropometry and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment. For body composition, bioelectrical impedance was used. Results a total of 158 women participated, most of them with excess weight and high body fat. The FMI showed a positive and significant correlation with body mass index, arm circumference, tricipital skinfold, and arm muscle circumference. Conclusion women recently diagnosed with gynecological tumors had excess weight and high body fat. The FMI may be a potentially useful indicator to complement the assessment of nutritional status and help the multidisciplinary team to perform early clinical and nutritional interventions.Although trifluoromethyl alkenes have great synthetic potential, their 1,2-difunctionalization has been a challenge. In this Letter, we disclose the first 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of trifluoromethyl alkenes with pyridinium salts via a cascade process involving a base-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition followed by a visible-light-mediated Norrish-type-II fragmentation. This protocol allows for the formation of pyridines bearing a trifluoromethyl-substituted quaternary center in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions.Strictosidine synthase (STR), the gate enzyme for monoterpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis, catalyzes the Pictet-Spengler reaction (PSR) of various tryptamine derivatives with secologanin assisted by "indole sandwich" stabilization. Continuous exploration with β-methyltryptamine (IPA) stereoselectively delivered the C6-methylstrictosidines and C6-methylvincosides by enzymatic and nonenzymatic PSR, respectively. Unexpectedly, the first "nonindole sandwich" binding mode was witnessed by the X-ray structures of STR1-ligand complexes. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed the critical cryptic role of the hydroxyl group of Tyr151 in IPA biotransformation. Further computational calculations demonstrated the adjustable IPA position in STR1 upon the binding of secologanin, and Tyr151-OH facilitates the productive PSR binding mode via an advantageous hydrogen-bond network. Further chemo-enzymatic manipulation of C6-methylvincosides successfully resulted in the discovered antimalarial framework (IC50 = 0.92 μM).The intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) dynamics during unimolecular dissociation of aromatic trimers at high temperatures is the primary interest of this study. Chemical dynamics simulations are performed for the unimolecular dissociation of benzene-hexafluorobenzene-benzene (Bz-HFB-Bz) and benzene trimer (Bz-trimer) complexes at a temperature range of 1000-2000 K. Partial dissociation of both the complexes is observed, which leads to a dimer and a monomer in the dynamics. However, the probability of such dissociation was found much lower in the case of the Bz-trimer, which further decreases with the increase of temperature. The rate of partial dissociation of Bz-HFB-Bz is faster at 1500, 1800, and 2000 K, whereas the rate of complete dissociation of the Bz-trimer is significantly faster than Bz-HFB-Bz at all temperatures. This is just the opposite of the corresponding dimer's dissociation, where benzene-hexafluorobenzene (Bz-HFB) dissociates at a faster rate than the benzene dimer (Bz-dimer). Thus, the dissociation dynamics of the trimer is different than that of the dimer. Simulations with excited intramolecular and intermolecular modes of the trimer complexes reveal that energy flows from intermolecular to intramolecular modes of Bz-HFB-Bz more freely than the Bz-trimer, and the dissociation process becomes slower for the former. Calculated activation energies for both types of dynamics are much lower than the corresponding binding energies, which may be due to the anharmonicity. The Arrhenius equation with an anharmonic correction factor is considered to recalculate the activation energy and pre-exponential factor.The C-H acyloxylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is described. This reaction constructs aryl acyloxylate scaffolds from PAHs with equimolar hypervalent iodine compounds under mild reaction conditions. Interestingly, the blue light irradiation accelerated this transformation. Additionally, the synthesis of structurally new symmetric and unsymmetric diaroyloxylated fluoranthenes was accomplished with a ruthenium photoredox catalyst.Motivated by the biosynthesis of azamerone, we report the first example of a diazo-Hooker reaction, which involves the formation of a phthalazine ring system by the oxidative rearrangement of a diazoketone. Computational studies indicate that the diazo-Hooker reaction proceeds via an 8π-electrocyclization followed by ring contraction and aromatization. The biosynthetic origin of the diazoketone functional group was also chemically mimicked using a related natural product, naphterpin, as a model system.In this work, we used dissipative particle dynamics to study the stability, deformation, and rupture of polymer vesicles confined in cylindrical channels under the flow field. The morphological evolution, elongation, and rupture of vesicles and the corresponding mechanisms were intensively investigated. Bullet-like vesicles, leaking vesicles, spherical micelles, hamburger-like micelles, and bilayers were observed by changing the degree of confinement and dimensionless shear rate. We found that increasing the dimensionless shear rate and the degree of confinement can cause the deformation or rupture of polymeric vesicles. The asphericity parameter was utilized to describe the degree of elongation of vesicles deviating from the sphere in the direction of the flow. The results show that the aggregates are more likely to be spherical when the confinement is weak, while they become elongated bullet-like shapes when the confinement is strong. The investigation of dynamics reveals that the degree of confinement and the dimensionless shear rate can affect the chain stretching and reorganization during the process of vesicle elongation. Furthermore, the rupture time of the vesicle shows a nonlinear decrease with an increase in the dimensionless shear rate, and the confinement also contributes to the rupture. The results are very useful for guiding the application of vesicles in a flow environment.In the presence of boron trifluoride, a variety of alkynyl sulfides and alkynyl sulfoxides undergo tandem cross-coupling/[3,3]-sulfonium rearrangement followed by 5-exo-dig heterocyclization. The strategy provides concise access to novel tetrasubstituted furans in good to high yields with 100% atom-economy efficiency. Further derivatization of the resultant furans was feasible by utilizing the incorporated alkylthio groups.The accurate detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SEs) is vital for food safety owing to their high pathogenicity, which may be performed with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) if SERS-active nanostructures are used. Herein, a Au-Ag Janus nanoparticle (NPs)/perovskite composite-engineered SERS immunoassay was developed for SEC detection. Plasmonic Au-Ag Janus NPs demonstrated inherent SERS activity from the 2-mercaptobenzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid ligands. CsPbBr3@mesoporous silica nanomaterials (MSNs) were prepared and transformed into CsPb2Br5@MSNs in the aqueous phase. Paired SEC antibody-antigen-driven plasmonic Au-Ag Janus NP-CsPb2Br5@MSN composites were prepared. They showed amplified SERS activity, attributed to the depressed plasmonic decay due to electromagnetic field enhancement and the electron transfer mechanism. A positive relationship was established between SERS signals of composites and the SEC concentration. An additive-free SERS immunoassay was developed for simple, sensitive, and reproducible SEC detection. This study will be extended to develop multiple additive-free SERS-active plasmonic NP/perovskite composites that will open up the possibility of exploring more SERS detection probes for food safety monitoring.Capreomycin (CMN) is an important second-line antituberculosis antibiotic isolated from Saccharothrix mutabilis subspecies capreolus. The gene cluster for CMN biosynthesis has been identified and sequenced, wherein the cph gene was annotated as a phosphotransferase likely engaging in self-resistance. Previous studies reported that Cph inactivates two CMNs, CMN IA and IIA, by phosphorylation. We, herein, report that (1) Escherichia coli harboring the cph gene becomes resistant to both CMN IIA and IIB, (2) phylogenetic analysis regroups Cph to a new clade in the phosphotransferase protein family, (3) Cph shares a three-dimensional structure akin to the aminoglycoside phosphotransferases with a high binding affinity (KD) to both CMN IIA and IIB at micromolar levels, and (4) Cph utilizes either ATP or GTP as a phosphate group donor transferring its γ-phosphate to the hydroxyl group of CMN IIA. Until now, Cph and Vph (viomycin phosphotransferase) are the only two known enzymes inactivating peptide-based antibiotics through phosphorylation. Our biochemical characterization and structural determination conclude that Cph confers the gene-carrying species resistance to CMN by means of either chemical modification or physical sequestration, a naturally manifested belt and braces strategy. check details These findings add a new chapter into the self-resistance of bioactive natural products, which is often overlooked while designing new bioactive molecules.A novel efficient HFIP-catalyzed synthesis of structurally diverse 2,2-difluoro-3-hydroxy-1,4-diketone derivatives from readily available glyoxal monohydrates and difluoroenoxysilanes is described. This convenient protocol is induced by the distinctive fluorine effect of the reactants and the fluoroalcohol catalyst, which represents the first application of fluoroalcohol catalysis in a Mukaiyama aldol reaction.It is often challenging for a single monoclonal antibody to cross-react equally with all species of a particular viral genus that are separated by time and geographies to ensure broad long-term global immunodiagnostic use. Here, we set out to isolate nanobodies or single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) with uniform cross-reactivity to the genus Ebolavirus by immunizing a llama with recombinant nucleoprotein (NP) representing the 5 cultivated species to assemble a phage display repertoire for mining. Screening sdAbs for reactivity against the C-terminal domain of NP guided the isolation of clones that could perform as both captor and tracer for polyvalent antigen in sandwich assays. Two promising sdAbs had equivalent reactivities across all 5 species and greatly enhanced the equilibrium concentration at 50% (EC50) for recombinant NP when compared with a differentially cross-reactive nonimmune sdAb isolated previously. Uniform reactivity and enhanced sensitivity were relayed to live virus titrations, resulting in lower limits of detection of 2-5 pfu for the best sdAbs, representing 10-, 20-, and 100-fold improvements for Zaire, Sudan/Reston, and Taï Forest viruses, respectively. Fusions of the sdAbs with ascorbate peroxidase (APEX2) and mNeonGreen generated one-step immunoreagents useful for colorimetric and fluorescent visualization of cellular NP. Both sdAbs were also able to recognize recombinant NPs from the recently discovered Bombali virus, a putative sixth Ebolavirus species unknown at the start of these experiments, validating the forward capabilities of the sdAbs. The simplicity and modularity of these sdAbs should enable advances in antigen-based diagnostic technologies to be retuned toward filoviral detection relatively easily, thereby proactively safeguarding human health.
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