Notes

Reduced Attention DMF/H2O Crossbreed Electrolyte: A whole new Potential for Anode Resources inside Aqueous Potassium-Ion Battery packs.
T cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum-derived exosomes are increased in SLE patients and are correlated with disease severity. The proteins in the T-cell-derived exosomes from SLE patients could play important roles in SLE pathogenesis.

We characterized proteins of SLE T cell-derived exosomes by exosome MACSPlex analysis and proteomics using T-cell supernatants from SLE patients and healthy controls. To study the potential pathogenic functions of the identified exosomal protein, we generated and characterized T-cell-specific transgenic mice that overexpressed the identified protein in T cells.

We identified eosinophil cationic protein (ECP, also named human RNase 3) that was overexpressed in SLE T cell-derived exosomes. T-cell-specific ECP transgenic mice displayed early induction of serum IFN-γ levels and multi-tissue inflammation. The aged T-cell-specific ECP transgenic mice also displayed an increase of follicular helper T cells, plasma B cell, and autoantibodies. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) also showed the induction of IFN-γ mRNA and inflammatory pathways in ECP transgenic T cells. Remarkably, adoptively transferred ECP-containing exosomes stimulated serum levels of IFN-γ and autoantibodies in the recipient mice. The transferred exosomes infiltrated into multiple tissues of the recipient mice, resulting in hepatitis, nephritis, and arthritis.

ECP overexpression in T cells or T-cell-derived exosomes may be a biomarker and pathogenic factor for human SLE nephritis, hepatitis, and arthritis.
ECP overexpression in T cells or T-cell-derived exosomes may be a biomarker and pathogenic factor for human SLE nephritis, hepatitis, and arthritis.Anthropogenic activities, such as human population expansion and land-use change, create ecological overlap between humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife and can exacerbate the zoonotic transmission of parasites. To improve our understanding of this dynamic, we employed multi-locus genotyping to conduct a cross-sectional study of the potential for zoonotic transmission of the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis among humans, household associated livestock and dogs, and black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in the Corrientes Province of Argentina. We found Giardia prevalence to be highest in howler monkeys (90.3% (47/52)), followed by humans (61.1% (22/36)), dogs (44.4% (16/36)), and cattle (41.9% (18/43)). We further established that howler monkeys exclusively harbored strains of assemblage B (100%) while humans were infected with either assemblage A (13.3%) or B (80%) or A and B (6.7%), and cattle and dogs were infected with either assemblage A (cattle, 94.1%; dogs, 80%)), A and C (10%), or their host-adapted assemblage (cattle, 5.9%; dogs, 10%). Our finding of G. duodenalis in both humans and domesticated animals (assemblage A) and humans and wild primates (assemblage B) suggests that cross-species transmission of multiple assemblages of G. duodenalis may occur in rural complexes such as northern Argentina where people, domesticated animals, and wildlife overlap. We further highlight the need to investigate the implications of these results for human health, the economics of livestock production, and wildlife conservation in this and similar systems.We would like to comment on the interesting paper by Safoora Fatima et al of the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH), on the Health Assessment Questionnaire at One Year Predicts All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. (1) The conclusion of their paper showed that higher HAQ score and DAS28 at 1 year are significantly associated with all-cause mortality in a large early RA cohort.Although the physiological meaning of the high potential of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for meiotic entry is not understood, a rigid safeguarding system is required to prevent ectopic onset of meiosis. PRC1.6, a non-canonical PRC1, is known for its suppression of precocious and ectopic meiotic onset in germ cells and ESCs, respectively. MGA, a scaffolding component of PRC1.6, bears two distinct DNA-binding domains termed bHLHZ and T-box. However, it is unclear how this feature contributes to the functions of PRC1.6. Here, we demonstrated that both domains repress distinct sets of genes in murine ESCs, but substantial numbers of meiosis-related genes are included in both gene sets. In addition, our data demonstrated that bHLHZ is crucially involved in repressing the expression of Meiosin, which plays essential roles in meiotic entry with Stra8, revealing at least part of the molecular mechanisms that link negative and positive regulation of meiotic onset.
Coexistence of bronchiectasis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may lead to the worsening of the functional parameters in exacerbations and may negatively affect the outcomes.

This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study that aims to investigate the relationships between bronchiectasis with COPD exacerbation and all-cause of mortality. We retrospectively enrolled 122 cases hospitalized for COPD exacerbation from 2010 to 2016. Patients who underwent thoracic tomography in the previous year of the index exacerbation were included in the study. MEK inhibitor Patients who admitted to the intensive care unit and patients with infected bronchiectasis and with conditions that mimic COPD exacerbation were excluded from the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings, comorbidities and the number of exacerbations in the previous year and the presence of bronchiectasis were recorded using hospital electronic registry. The radiological evaluation of bronchiectasis was made by the modified Reiff score (MRS).

Bronchiectasis was found in 66 (54%) of 122 patients included in the study. The mean age was 67.5 ±10.3 in the whole group, 108 (88.5%) of the patients were male, and 14 (11.5%) were female. When patients were stratified according to the presence of bronchiectasis, no statistically significant difference was found in terms of comorbidity scores, respiratory functions, exacerbation parameters, laboratory values and all cause of mortality between the groups (p>0.05). There was no statistical relation between the presence of bronchiectasis and long-term survival (log-rank test p=0.83).

This study shows that patients with bronchiectasis did not cause a poor outcome in patients with COPD exacerbation.
This study shows that patients with bronchiectasis did not cause a poor outcome in patients with COPD exacerbation.
Asthma is prevalent among children and adolescents. Few studies have assessed the knowledge and perceptions of asthma among adolescents.

This study assessed the knowledge and perception about asthma among secondary school students in an all-girls school in Nigeria.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in a Nigerian secondary school in Enugu State (February 2020). In Senior Secondary School (SS1, SS2 and SS3), students could be in one of three specialized classes Sciences, Humanities and Business. A self-administered structured questionnaire was filled by conveniently sampled students in SS1 and SS2. Inferential statistics utilized the Pearson's chi-square test and multiple linear regression with statistical significance set as P < 0.05.

Three hundred and eighty-eight (388) students participated in the study (mean age = 14.64 ± 0.93 years). Majority of the students were in Science class (n = 299; 77.1%). There was high awareness about asthma (n = 384; 99.0%). More than half of them had good asthma knowledge (n = 279; 71.9%); close to three-fifths had favourable perception of asthma (n = 222; 57.2%). More students in SS2 had good knowledge of asthma compared to those in SS1 (76.7% vs. 67.2%; ꭓ
 = 4.338; P = 0.037). More students in Science class had favourable perceptions about asthma compared with those in Humanities and Business class (60.5% vs. 48.1% vs. 25.0%; ꭓ
 = 7.458; P = 0.024).

Majority of the students were aware about asthma and had good knowledge of the disease while close to three-fifths had favourable perceptions about asthma.
Majority of the students were aware about asthma and had good knowledge of the disease while close to three-fifths had favourable perceptions about asthma.
The hippocampus is thought to be involved in movement, but its precise role in movement execution and inhibition has not been well studied. Previous work with direct neural recordings has found beta-band (13-30Hz) modulation in both movement execution and inhibition throughout the motor system, but the role of beta-band modulation in the hippocampus during movement inhibition is not well understood. Here, we perform a Go/No-Go reaching task in ten patients with medically refractory epilepsy to study human hippocampal beta-power changes during movement.

Ten epilepsy patients (5 female; ages 21-46) were implanted with intracranial depth electrodes for seizure monitoring and localization. Local field potentials were sampled at 2000Hz during a Go/No-Go movement task. Comparison of beta-band power between Go and No-Go conditions was conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank hypothesis testing for each patient. Sub-analyses were conducted to assess differences in the anterior vs. posterior contacts, ipsilateral vs. indicate that increases in hippocampal beta power are associated with movement inhibition. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report this phenomenon in the human hippocampus. The beta band may represent a state-change signal involved in motor processing. Future focus on the beta band in understanding human motor and impulse control will be vital.With great interest, we read the article by Fatima et al [1], which concluded that higher HAQ and disease activity score at 1 year were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We agree with the use of discrete multivariate analysis on the cohort dataset. However, we would like to propose some methodological issues of the study.
Although long-term home non-invasive ventilation (H-NIV) has been used among chronic hypercapnic COPD patients, its clinical benefit is still on debate. We aim to assess the impact of H-NIV in chronic hypercapnic COPD patients.

COPD patients who initiated H-NIV between January 2010 and December 2017 were included. Patients with concomitant respiratory disorders were excluded. Acute exacerbation (AE) before and 2years after H-NIV initiation was assessed as main outcome. Secondary outcomes included lung function and gas exchange parameters. Survival since H-NIV initiation was determined, and factors related with survival were explored.

Seventy-two patients were enrolled. A decrease in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO
) in arterial blood (p < 0.001) and an improvement of partial pressure of oxygen (PaO
) (p < 0.001) were achieved using a high-intensity H-NIV. Regarding lung function, residual volume (RV) reduced (p = 0.010) and forced-expiratory volume in 1s (FEV
) improved (p = 0.043) after H-NIV initiation. No significant differences in 6-min walking test (6MWT) were found. Compared with the year before H-NIV initiation, the number of AE diminished in the first and in the second years of follow-up (p < 0.001). The median survival was 79.0months (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.9-105.1), and the covered distance in 6MWT predicted survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.026, p = 0.003) in the multivariate analysis.

High-intensity H-NIV significantly improved FEV1 and hyperinflation, decreased frequency of AEs and led to a remarkable median survival, which was independently predicted by the walking distance in 6MWT.
High-intensity H-NIV significantly improved FEV1 and hyperinflation, decreased frequency of AEs and led to a remarkable median survival, which was independently predicted by the walking distance in 6MWT.
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