Notes

Poly(carboxyethyl acrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) precursor monolith together with fused octadecyl ligands for usage in reversed-phase capillary electrochromatography.
ck interactions, likely explain the observed low salinity in deep groundwater in coastal areas. Overall, with growing observations of salty seawater intrusion in the estuary region of the Yangtze River, future efforts are needed to prevent further seawater intrusion as sea level rises and groundwater table declines. In this context, our findings provide key information for groundwater management in other coastal aquifers, east China.To better understand the combined effects of flow rate and NO3- concentration on denitrification rate and NO3- removal efficiency in the low-permeability media, a set of column experiments with different flow rates and injected NO3- concentrations were conducted. Denitrification processes under these different conditions were simulated using the PHREEQC code that couples the biogeochemical reactions and hydrological transport processes. In these reactive transport models, Monod kinetics were applied to describe the denitrification process. It was found that, among the experiments conducted in this study, the low flow rate (0.023 m/d) resulted in the low denitrification rate but high NO3- removal efficiency. Meanwhile, NO3- removal efficiency was the highest (85%) under moderate NO3- concentration of 1.29 mmol/L, although denitrification rate increased in response to the increase of NO3- concentration. The model results also indicated that NO3- removal efficiency of 97% can be achieved with relatively low flow rate and high influent NO3- concentration. The results in this study provide insights into NO3- remediation, and the temporal and spatial flow rate, as well as NO3- concentration distribution, should be pre-evaluated for the effective removal strategies.This work demonstrated that electroplating sludges (EPS) of specific composition may be used for the synthesis of layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials for energy applications after appropriate treatment. The unique composition and structure of EPS render it with good electrochemical energy storage performance. The EPS containing Ni, Fe, and Al was dissolved by acid and added with urea precipitator. The LDH material was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. The increase of urea in a certain range is conducive to the formation of intact LDH. However excessive urea levels promoted the transformation from LDH to Ni(HCO3)2. Various active Ni bridged by N in ‒O‒CN promoted electron transfer, ‒O‒CN content in LDHs was proportional to the urea amount. The prepared LDHs exhibited a specific capacitance of 1652.20 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1, and the value remained at 766.69 F g-1 after 1000 cycles. The prepared LDH has excellent supercapacitor performance, which is closely related to its structure. Therefore, the proposed recycling strategy of EPS resources can be used to prepare LDH supercapacitors, paving the way for new applications of EPS in the field of energy storage.The aim of this review is to synthesize current knowledge of selenium (Se) transport and metabolism in plants, with a focus on implications for biofortification and phytoremediation. Selenium is a necessary human micronutrient, and around a billion people worldwide may be Se deficient. This can be ameliorated by Se biofortification of staple crops. Selenium is also a potential toxin at higher concentrations, and multiple environmental disasters over the past 50 years have been caused by Se pollution from agricultural and industrial sources. Phytoremediation by plants able to take up large amounts of Se is an important tool to combat pollution issues. Both biofortification and phytoremediation applications require a thorough understanding of how Se is taken up and metabolized by plants. Selenium uptake and translocation in plants are largely accomplished via sulfur (S) transport proteins. Current understanding of these transporters is reviewed here, and transporters that may be manipulated to improve Se uptake are discussed. NPD4928 mw Plant Se metabolism also largely follows the S metabolic pathway. This pathway is reviewed here, with special focus on genes that have been, or may be manipulated to reduce the accumulation of toxic metabolites or enhance the accumulation of nontoxic metabolites. Finally, unique aspects of Se transport and metabolism in Se hyperaccumulators are reviewed. Hyperaccumulators, which can accumulate Se at up to 1000 times higher concentrations than normal plants, present interesting specialized systems of Se transport and metabolism. Selenium hyperaccumulation mechanisms and potential applications of these mechanisms to biofortification and phytoremediation are presented.Pd, Rh, Pt are employed in a wide range of applications, such as catalytic converters, fuel cells and electronic devices. In the last years, an increasing pressure on their market was recorded due to a growing demand and limited resources. Therefore, the recovery of these materials from wastes represents an interesting goal to be achieved. The most widely proposed techniques for recovering the palladium from wastes are leaching and ion exchange. Strong oxidizers, acids and high temperature (343-363 K) are used for leaching, leading problems for the environment and the safety. In this work the attention was focused on a system containing zero-valent palladium nanoparticles in which the leaching is performed in mild acidic conditions, by using chloride solutions containing cupric ions (NaCl/CuCl2). The process was studied at varying temperature, pH, chloride and cupric ion concentrations. Good results were obtained at pH 5.0 and temperatures between 288 K and 333 K. The process is more acceptable than the traditional ones from a safety point of view being characterized by less severe conditions (pH and temperatures). A shrinking spherical particles model was adopted to analyse the experimental data from which a development under a kinetic control was demonstrated.The remediation of soil contaminated by 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) remains an important issue in environmental research. Although our previous studies demonstrated that earthworms could enhance the degradation of DDT in soils, the underlying mechanisms and microorganisms involved in these transformation processes are still not clear. Here we studied the transformation of DDT in sterilized/non-sterilized drilosphere and non-drilosphere matrices and identified DDT degraders using the technique of DNA-stable isotope probing. The results show that DDT degradation in non-sterilized drilosphere was quicker than that in their non-drilosphere counterparts. Earthworms enhance DDT removal mainly by improving soil properties, thus stimulating indigenous microorganisms rather than abiotic degradation or tissue accumulating. Ten new genera, including Streptomyces, Streptacidiphilus, Dermacoccus, Brevibacterium, Bacillus, Virgibacillus, were identified as DDT ring cleavage degrading bacteria in the five matrices tested.
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