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Complexes 1 and 2 were obtained by the reaction of [Cu(L1)](ClO4)2 (1) or [Cu(L2)](ClO4)2 (2) (L1 = 8-acetyl-1,3,6,8,10,13,15-heptaazatricyclo[13.1.1.113,15]octadecane, L2 = 3,7-bis(2-aminoethyl)- 1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.l]decane) with K2[Pt(CN)4] in water. The X-ray crystal structures show that the geometry around Cu(II) ions of 1 and 2 adopts a square-pyramid. Their one-dimensional and two-dimensional structures are constructed by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the macrocyclic ligand and anionic complex ions or water molecules and Pt-Pt interaction. They show luminescent property and luminescence quantum yields are 0.341 and 0.187 for 1 and 2 in solid, respectively.This study was an attempt to obtain a stable and reproducible cubic primary alumina by a hydrothermal method using various aluminum precursors, AIP, AlO(OH), and Al(OH)3. Tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide was introduced as a blocking reagent to control the shape of alumina. The synthesized primary alumina powders from Al precursors showed a boehmite structure after hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C for 1 h. The primary alumina powders synthesized using the precursors of AIP and AlO(OH) had irregular shapes, however the cubic-shape of approximately 300 nm was observed in the primary alumina powder synthesized using Al(OH)3 precursor. The cubic primary alumina samples were transformed to different solid phases like gamma-, delta-, theta-, and alpha-phases according to the calcined temperatures. The theta-phase alumina formed at 1100 °C continually kept the cubic shape, but the shape was collapsed at 1200 °C. However the cubic alpha-alumina alpha-alumina was stably remained by thermal treatment at 1100 °C under the fierce oxygen atmosphere.Multilayered composite proton exchange membranes were prepared by LbL method by alternating deposition of poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) and highly sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) (sPPO) onto the surface of Nafion 212. The sulfonated sPPO solution contained polystyrenesulfonic acid copolymer with azide moiety. Thickness of the LbL composite membrane was controlled by using the anionic solution of sPPO containing 0.5 M NaCl. The membranes were crosslinked by using UV to give the mechanical and chemical durability. The crosslinked composite membrane showed decreased methanol permeability with the increasing number of bilayers, and showed increased overall selectivity compared to Nafion film.
In this paper, we report our numerical study on the electronic-optical properties of the organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) devices. In order to calculate the electrical and optical characteristics such as the transport behavior of carriers, recombination kinetics, and emission property, we undertake the finite element method (FEM) in OLEDs. Our model includes Poisson's equation, continuity equation to account for behavior of electrons and holes and the exciton continuity/transfer equation to account for generation and decay of the exciton. We employ the multilayer structure that consists of Poly(3,4)-ethylendioxy thiophene-polystyrenesulfonate (

PSS); Bis[(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl]benzidine (α-NPD); 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) doped with Ir(ppy)3; a 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (Bu-PBD). We demonstrate that the refractive indexes of each material affect the emission property and barrier height of the interface influences the behavior of charges and the generation of exciton.
PSS); Bis[(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl]benzidine (α-NPD); 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) doped with Ir(ppy)3; a 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (Bu-PBD). We demonstrate that the refractive indexes of each material affect the emission property and barrier height of the interface influences the behavior of charges and the generation of exciton.For technologies beyond diffraction limit, the plasmonic nanolithography can produce subwavelength structures using the broad beam illumination of the standard photoresist with the visible light. In this study, for the nano-pattern formation, the polarization effects of the transverse magnetic (TM) mode and the transverse electric (TE) mode about diffraction limit and plasmonic phenomena are described on basis of simulation results through the sub-wavelength aperture. TM mode is degraded in diffraction effects but enhanced in plasmonic effects due to the change distribution on the metallic surface and the waveguide resonances in slits. For the confidence of simulation results, those results are compared with experiment results of the pyramidal horn with mirror. For the contact lithography, it is shown that the resolution of plasmonic metamaterial masks is enhanced larger than that of the conventional mask by using a multi-layer method.The work deals with synthesis of nano-crystalline materials in open-air laboratory and in-depth investigation of the tobacco sample of one branded cigarette and its ash using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and associated techniques. It exhibits the presence of nanocrystals and nanorods of various oxides in cigarette ash. The structure, shape, size and composition of these nanocrystals and nanorods are explored. The energy dispersive X-ray spectra from different regions of the tobacco sample and its ash using high-angle annular dark field scanning/transmission electron microscopy mode are utilized to obtain elemental composition and their relative abundances. For a detailed distribution of different elements in the nanorods, elemental mapping using energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy is also presented. The results highlight the conversion of amorphous constituents of tobacco to nanomaterials on combustion at low temperatures, thus mixing up in the atmosphere.The selective detection of ultra trace amounts of aflatoxin B1 (AF1) is extremely important for food safety, since it is the most toxic mycotoxin class that is allowed to be present in edible food and agricultural products with strictly Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). Sensitive detection of AFB1 residues requires time-consuming techniques and expensive instruments. An aptasensor for AFB1 detection, using unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) indicator, was developed in the present study, based on the salt-induced AuNPs aggregation phenomenon. Its linear dynamic range and detection sensitivity were found to be 0.025 ng/mL-100 ng/mL and 0.025 ng/mL of AFB1 respectively, which were lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) in edible food, as set by China and the European Commission. Our study provides a simple, fast, and visible method for AFB1 analysis, with high sensitivity, which can be applied in future on-site detection for food and agricultural products.The study was aimed to develop a nano form of an existing fungicide for improving plant protection and reducing crop losses caused by fungal pathogens. The protocol for the preparation and estimation of nanohexaconazole was developed. Technically pure hexaconazole was converted into its nanoform using polyethyleneglycol-400 (PEG) as the surface stabilizing agent. Nanohexaconazole was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) studies. The average particle size of nanohexaconazole was about 100 nm. An analytical method was also developed for quality control of the nanofungicide by GLC fitted with flame ionization detector. Its limit of detection was 2.5 ppm. Fungicidal potential of nanohexaconazole was better in comparison to that of conventional hexaconazole. Hydrolytic and thermal stability studies confirmed its stability at par with the conventional formulation of fungicide. Impact of nanohexaconazole on soil nitrifiers was tested in vitro and there were no significant adverse effect in their numbers observed as compared to conventional registered formulation, proving the safety of the nanofungicide.Si single quantum dots (QDs) and Si/Ge double QDs doped TiO2 films were successfully fabricated via layer-by-layer ion beam sputtering assisted by annealing treatment, and their morphology and optical absorption performance were analyzed in this paper. TEM images show that Si QDs and Si/Ge double QDs prepared in the TiO2 matrix are in a uniform size distribution and high density, especially after annealed at 500 °C. XPS results indicate that Si in the TiO2 films mainly exists in the form of elemental Si and SiO2, and Ge is in elemental form. From the optical absorption spectra, the optical response of the TiO2 films is shifted from ultraviolet to visible and near infrared region when they are doped by the QDs, and the Si/Ge double QDs co-doped TiO2 films show better optical response compared with the Si QDs doped TiO2 films, suggesting a hybrid enhanced effect of double QDs.A composite constituted by carbon nanopipes (CNPs) and polyaniline nanofibers (PANi NFs) is synthesized using in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization. Owing to its electrochemical activity the composite is found to be suitable as a working electrode material in hybrid type supercapacitors. Microstructural and phase analyses of the composite showed that (i) CNP surfaces are coated with PANi and (ii) PANi coated CNPs are distributed among PANi NFs. The composite shows an excellent electrochemical activity and a high specific capacitance of ~224.39 F/g. The electro-chemical activity of the composite is explicated in correlation with crystallinity, intrinsic oxidation state, and doping degree of PANi in the composite. The electro-chemical activity of the composite is also explicated in correlation with BET surface area and ordered meso-porosity pertaining to the composite. Charge/discharge curves indicate that the specific capacitance of the composite is a result of electric double-layer capacitance offered by CNPs and Faradaic pseudo capacitance offered by PANi NFs.We demonstrate the fabrication of three dimensional hierarchical ZnO/Si nanowire core-shell structure, which is used as a high surface area photoelectrode in photoelectrochemical cells for solar water splitting. This structure is fabricated via a two-step solution process fabricating vertical aligned silicon nanowires via metal assisted etching method and then growing ZnO nanowires on the silicon nanowires via hydrothermal method. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, spectrometer and X-ray diffractmeter are employed to characterize the hierarchical structure. The surface area of the hierarchical structure increases significantly compared to the simplex nanowire structure, which can substantially promote the photoelectrochemical reactions. The core-shell characteristic is beneficial to the charge carrier separation and the silicon nanowire backbones can work as the charge transfer channels, which contribute to the efficiency improvement. Panobinostat purchase The experimental results indicate that the photocurrent density and the maximum conversion efficiency of the hierarchical structure photoelectrode have increased obviously, confirming that this hierarchical structure is more suitable for the application of photoelectrode than the ZnO nanowires/planar silicon structure.In this paper, we report our numerical investigation on the top-emitting OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) with micro-cavity. Our numerical model includes an ensemble of radiating dipole antennas for light emission as well as Poisson Equation for carrier injection and transportation. We formulated a set of differential equations by the Finite Element Method. Our simulation revealed that the recombination rate is affected by the thickness of each layer comprising the OLED structure and the amount of emission is determined by the total thickness of the OLED structure due to micro-cavity effect which is observed in between the total reflection layer and the half reflection layer. Our numerical solver enables us to optimize the OLED structure and thereby improve the external quantum efficiency.
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