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We present theoretical and experimental investigations of higher order correlations of mechanical motion in the recently demonstrated optical tweezer phonon laser, consisting of a silica nanosphere trapped in vacuum by a tightly focused optical beam [R. M. Pettit et al., Nature Photonics 13, 402 (2019)]. The nanoparticle phonon number probability distribution is modeled with the master equation formalism in order to study its evolution across the lasing threshold. Up to fourth-order equal-time correlation functions are then derived from the probability distribution. Subsequently, the master equation is transformed into a nonlinear quantum Langevin equation for the trapped particle's position. LOXO-101 mw This equation yields the non-equal-time correlations, also up to fourth order. Finally, we present experimental measurements of the phononic correlation functions, which are in good agreement with our theoretical predictions. We also compare the experimental data to existing analytical Ginzburg-Landau theory where we find only a partial match.Metasurface with thin planar resonant elements offers great capability in manipulating electromagnetic waves and their interaction with semiconductors. Split-ring resonator (SRR), as the basic building block, has been extensively investigated for myriad applications owing to its multiple electric and magnetic resonant modes. In this work, we report a rotated fourfold U-shape SRR metasurface for polarization-insensitive strong enhancement of mid-infrared photodetection. The integrated photodetector consists of a rotated fourfold SRR array and an InAsSb based heterojunction photodiode. A photosensitivity enhancement factor as high as 11 has been achieved by adoption of superimposed high order magnetic and electric resonant modes in the SRR metasurface. This work provides a promising pathway for exploring high performance polarization-insensitive photodetection in different electromagnetic wave ranges.Rapid progress in real-time spectroscopy uncovers the spatio-spectral scenarios of ultrashort pulses in dissipative systems. Varieties of transient soliton dynamics on different timescales have been revealed. Here, we report on an experimental observation of stationary and pulsating vector dissipative solitons in a nonlinear multimode interference (NL-MMI) based fiber laser with net normal dispersion. Polarization non-discrimination of the NL-MMI mode-locking facilitates the dissipative soliton trapping process. Two orthogonally polarized components are coupled together through oppositely shifting their central frequencies to form the group-velocity-locked vector dissipative solitons (GVLVDSs). Dispersive Fourier transform (DFT) based polarization resolved measurement enables insights into the transient polarization dynamics and the long-term evolution. Particularly, both stationary and pulsating GVLVDSs are obtained with appropriate parameter settings. It is found that the quasi-stationary pulsating manner is accompanied with recurrent spectral breathing and energy oscillation; the two orthogonally polarized components possess synchronous pulsating manners due to the cross-phase modulation induced trapping mechanism and the similar formation process. Additionally, chaotic pulsation is also captured in sense that the spectra cannot recover to their original profiles despite of the harmonic energy oscillation. All these findings can enhance our understanding towards soliton pulsation with the freedom of vectorial degree.In the field of optical imaging, the image registration method could be applied to realize a large field of view along with high resolution. The traditional image registration methods are mostly conceived for intensity images and might fail for complex-valued images. Especially, those methods do not account for the random phase offset associated with phase. In this paper, we proposed a general method for complex-wave field registration. A similar procedure has been proposed for the reconstruction of the ptychographic dataset, but here is modified for the registration of general wave fields. The method can efficiently separate the illumination and object function, refine the positions of each wavefront, and thus provide a stitched wide-field object wave with high fidelity. Simulation and experimental results applied to register the wave fields obtained from digital holographic microscopy are given to verify the feasibility of the method. This method would have potential applications in large-field high-resolution microscopy, adaptive imaging, remote sensing and the measurement of structured optical fields.We materialized the isotropic Dirac-cone dispersion relation in the mid-infrared range by fabricating photonic crystal slabs of the C4v symmetry in SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafers by electron beam lithography. The dispersion relation was examined by the angle-resolved reflection spectra with our home-made high-resolution apparatus, which showed a good agreement with the dispersion relation and the reflection spectra calculated by the finite element method. The reflection spectra also agreed with the selection rules derived from the spatial symmetry of the Dirac-cone modes, which proved to be a powerful tool for the mode assignment.Flexible phase patterns for optical pulse repetition rate multiplication (PRRM) are proposed and experimentally demonstrated via spectral phase-only manipulation. We introduce formulas of the phase condition for power lossless PPRM with arbitrary multiplication factors and undistorted temporal pulse profiles. For some multiplication factors the solution extends PRRM phase patterns from reported phase conditions to more flexible phase patterns, inspiring potentials of further devices available for PRRM. This flexibility also benefits PRRM when we use the reported devices. As a proof of concept, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate PRRM with multiplication factors up to eight by programming the spectral phase using an optical wave-shaper (OWS), involving different phase patterns. In practice, manipulation of the spectral phase induces spectral amplitude variations due to the intrinsic property limitation of the OWS. We quantitatively characterize this limitation and select a suitable phase pattern from our new solution to achieve a uniform temporal pulse train but with no spectral amplitude trimming.Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has been studied as one of the most promising wide bandgap semiconductors during the past decade. Here, we prepared high quality β-Ga2O3 films by pulsed laser deposition. β-Ga2O3 films of different thicknesses were achieved and their crystal properties were comprehensively studied. As thickness increases, grain size and surface roughness are both increased. Based on these β-Ga2O3 films, a series of ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors with interdigital electrodes structure were prepared. These devices embrace an ultralow dark current of 100 fA, and high photocurrent on/off ratio of 10E8 under UV light illumination. The photoresponse time is 4 ms which is faster than most of previous works. This work paves the way for the potential application of Ga2O3 in the field of UV detection.Light-field imaging can simultaneously record spatio-angular information of light rays to carry out depth estimation via depth cues which reflect a coupling of the angular information and the scene depth. However, the unavoidable imaging distortion in a light-field imaging system has a side effect on the spatio-angular coordinate computation, leading to incorrectly estimated depth maps. Based on the previously established unfocused plenoptic metric model, this paper reports a study on the effect of the plenoptic imaging distortion on the light-field depth estimation. A method of light-field depth estimation considering the plenoptic imaging distortion is proposed. Besides, the accuracy analysis of the light-field depth estimation was performed by using standard components. Experimental results demonstrate that efficiently compensating the plenoptic imaging distortion results in a six-fold improvement in measuring accuracy and more consistency across the measuring depth range. Consequently, the proposed method is proved to be suitable for light-field depth estimation and three-dimensional measurement with high quality, enabling unfocused plenoptic cameras to be metrological tools in the potential application scenarios such as industry, biomedicine, entertainment, and many others.An ultrasensitive refractive index (RI) sensor based on enhanced Vernier effect is proposed, which consists of two cascaded fiber core-offset pairs. One pair functions as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), the other with larger core offset as a low-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI). In traditional Vernier-effect based sensors, an interferometer insensitive to environment change is used as sensing reference. Here in the proposed sensor, interference fringes of the MZI and the FPI shift to opposite directions as ambient RI varies, and to the same direction as surrounding temperature changes. Thus, the envelope of superimposed fringe manifests enhanced Vernier effect for RI sensing while reduced Vernier effect for temperature change. As a result, an ultra-high RI sensitivity of -87261.06 nm/RIU is obtained near the RI of 1.33 with good linearity, while the temperature sensitivity is as low as 204.7 pm/ °C. The proposed structure is robust and of low cost. Furthermore, the proposed scheme of enhanced Vernier effect provides a new perspective and idea in other sensing field.Many materials have certain unique 'spectral fingerprints' in electromagnetic spectrum, which enables identification of materials based on hyperspectral imaging technique. In this paper, besides using the location information of absorptions, we propose to extract a group of real-valued parameters based on a detected absorption valley. These absorption parameters are chosen to characterize the details of the spectral absorption quantitatively, and are measured without human intervention. link2 Moreover, we design an orientation descriptor to explore the local characterization for the shape representation of a hyperspectral absorption. link3 According to the idea of information fusion, the augmentation of the absorption parameters and the orientation descriptor may increase the discriminatory ability and lead to an improved hyperspectral material identification. Simulations of material identification accuracy were carried out on two hyperspectral data sets, including a 7 classes of materials from ASD sensor, and a 16 classes of vegetation data from the AVIRIS 92AV3C. Results conclude the effectiveness of the method, which increases the identification accuracy compared to two classical approaches.If two metal nanoparticles are ultimately approached, a tunneling current prevents both an infinite redshift of the bonding dipolar plasmon and an infinite increase of the electric field in the hot spot between the nanoparticles. We argue that a Coulomb blockade suppresses the tunneling current and sustains a redshift even for sub-nanometer approach up to moderate fields. Only for stronger optical fields, the Coulomb blockade is lifted and a charge transfer plasmon is formed. Numerical simulations show that such scenarios are well in reach with manageable nanoparticle dimensions, even at room temperature. Applications may include ultrafast, optically driven switches, photo detectors operating at 500 THz, or highly nonlinear devices.
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