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Wide spread collagen VII replacement treatment regarding innovative recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.
This paper aims at quantifying current riverine fluxes of microplastics (MPs) in two Mediterranean river catchments, a large one and a small one, namely the Rhône and the Têt, which are discharging to the Gulf of Lion in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. MP fluxes change markedly through time and space in both river systems. However, no clear relationships between MP concentrations and hydroclimatic conditions have been observed. In the Rhône River a non-linear dilution pattern of MPs in total suspended matter (TSM) during flood conditions could be observed. Although dilution is important, samples during floods exert a strong control on average MP fluxes. Compared to the Rhône River, average MP concentrations in the Têt River were throughout greater and more variable in shape and polymer composition. However, as the study year was exceptionally dry, the average specific MP flux, 76 g km-2 y-1, is only slightly larger than the non-flooding value of the Rhône River. We further monitored MP concentrations in shoreline sediments at the mouth of the Têt River to test whether these sediments can represent MP transport in the river. Besides fibers, which probably are easily washed out and transported offshore, MP concentrations and compositions are in agreement with MP loads upstream the river. We also examined the potential role of atmospheric deposition as a source of MP to the Têt River. The average atmospheric MP deposition of 6 kg km-2 y-1 exceeds by far the river average specific MP flux. Moreover, all MPs in atmospheric deposits were fibers, which in terms of mass are of minor importance in the bulk river fluxes. Atmospheric MP deposits may either have been overestimated and/or may be removed from surface waters by efficient removal processes (such as waste water treatment plants). Imazethapyr (IM) is a chiral herbicide with two enantiomers (R-IM and S-IM). Here, we determined the enantioselective effects of IM on Arabidopsis thaliana biomass and chlorophyll content, root exudates and rhizosphere microbes after 7 days of exposure. The results suggested that 133 μg/kg R-IM enantiomer in soil slightly inhibited plant biomass but S-IM did not exert significant inhibitory effects. The rhizosphere microorganism composition was also found to have enantiomeric differences between R- and S-IM. The relative abundance of beneficial rhizosphere microbes such as Bacillus and Ramlibacter increased much more with R-IM treatment than with S-IM treatment, indicating that the rhizosphere recruited some beneficial microbes to resist the herbicide stress. The IM enantiomers exerted a significant influence on root exudates with enantioselectivity. R-IM resulted in higher levels of most amino acids, organic acids, sugars and other metabolites after 7 days of exposure; few metabolites were increased by only the S-IM treatment. The correlation analyses between compounds (sugars, amino acids and organic acid) and microbes at the genus level revealed that the number of microbes was more positively correlated with organic acids than other compounds, indicating that organic acids can attract more microbes than amino acids and sugars. Some organic acids, such as 3-hydroxybutyric acid, may be a carbon source for the beneficial microbe Ramlibacter. This study increases the understanding of the differences in IM enantiomer toxicity with respect to plant physiological activity and soil microorganisms. In order to assess the impact of recent industrialization and land-use changes in the Can Gio Mangrove Forest, a Biosphere Reserve in Southern Vietnam, we analyzed heavy metal (HM), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in a 210Pb-dated sediment core, allowing for the environmental reconstruction of the last three decades. C/N ratios were very high (>20) until ~1990, reflecting highly refractory organic matter. Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG's) violations were observed particularly after the establishment of industries in the area in the late-1990s. Chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) exceeded the threshold effect levels (TEL); whereas nickel (Ni) was above the probable effects level (PEL), identifying the risk of potential adverse biological effects. Moderate contamination, mainly from cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb), was detected by the contamination factor (CF) index, with Pb levels likely originating from mainly anthropogenic sources, particularly after ~1992, as indicated by elevated enrichment factor (EF) values. A high positive correlation was found between Pb, Cr, Cu and Ni (r ≥ 0.8), while Co, cadmium (Cd) and TOC were highly positive correlated (r = 0.9). We identified evidence of point sources, atmospheric pollution and erosion as the main contributors to enhanced HM levels. However, negative values of the Geo-accumulation index (I-geo) indicated uncontaminated sediments. This discrepancy in pollution indices was likely due to the use of shale averages instead of regional levels as background values, as well as the influence of multiple stressors. Waste emissions have increased the amount of water and soil contaminated with heavy metals such as Pb. To broaden the methods for the recycling and environmental usage of cow manure (CM) and its vermicompost (CV), CM, CV, and their derived biochars produced by the pyrolysis of CM or CV at 350 and 700 °C were used as adsorbents for Pb2+ removal in this batch adsorption experiment to reveal their different Pb2+ removal efficiencies and the underlying mechanisms. The batch experiment results revealed that all adsorbents rapidly removed Pb2+ within 30 min. A pH between 2.0 and 6.0 positively affected Pb2+ removal by CM and its biochar, whereas that by CV and its biochar was only positively affected by pH between 2.0 and 3.0. CV-derived biochar was more effective in the removal of Pb2+ than the other absorbents, with the maximum adsorption capacities (Qm) fitted from the Langmuir model reaching approximately 230.0 mg·g-1 and the desorption rate (DR) being approximately 0.00-0.02%. Material physiochemical characterization, including X-ray diffraction analysis, showed that high pH, high ash content, rich mineral content, and high mineral contents might have been the main reasons for more effective removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions by CV-derived biochar. Fourier-transform infrared analysis indicated that surface functional groups such as -OH, CO, -COO-, and C-O; original and newly produced carbonate; and phosphate in CV also led to more effective Pb2+ removal efficiency from aqueous solution via surface functional group binding. Thus, pyrolyzing CVs may be used to produce biochar as a cost-effective adsorbent for heavy metal remediation in soil and water in the future. In this study, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in needle leaves with different ages were measured in three prevalent coniferous forests including spruce, fir and pinus in southeast Tibetan Plateau (TP) to investigate accumulation behavior of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during entire growth cycle of needles. The accumulation concentration of POPs was higher in pinus and fir needles than in spruce needles. Concentrations for most of OCPs significantly increased with needle ages, especially dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites showed more remarkable increasing trend than hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the three tree species. However, age dependence accumulation of PAHs was not observed in most cases, possibly due to its easier degradation property and the influence by dramatic change of ambient atmospheric concentration of PAHs. The lipid normalized concentrations in needles exhibited similar accumulation pattern with that of dry weight basis. The controlling factors for concentration variation in needles were identified using multiple linear regression. The suitability of these needle species acting as potential passive sampler for atmospheric POPs was evaluated. The different-age needles could reflect atmospheric OCP concentrations in the past long-term trend. Findings of this study provide guidance in use of needle as passive samples for the background monitoring of the atmospheric contamination at remote and poorly accessible locations such as the TP. An integrated photo-bioelectrochemical system (IPB) for wastewater treatment combines a microbial fuel cell with an algal bioreactor, eliminating requirements for aeration, promoting electricity generation, remediating nutrients and producing algal biomass for conversion into biofuel or other bioproducts. To examine strategies for improving IPB functions of electrochemical output and nutrient removal efficiency, this study tested effects of cathode bacterial inoculation and nitrogen loading on cathode microbial community and IPB performance. IPB cathodes were inoculated with the green alga Chlorella vulgaris, in combination with nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) Nitrobacter winogradskyi, and/or ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas europaea. IPB performance was examined before and after nitrifying bacteria inoculations and under three ammonium loading concentrations in the wastewater medium. Bacterial communities in the cathode suspension and biofilm were examined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Relative to the algae only control, cathode inoculation with NOB and/or AOB improved net nutrient removal, but resulted in reduced dissolved oxygen availability, which impaired electricity generation. Higher ammonium loading increased electricity production and nutrient removal, possibly by overcoming algal-bacterial competition. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CHIR-258.html Inoculation with nitrifying bacteria resulted in minor changes to total bacterial composition and AOB or NOB comprised less then 3% of total sequences after 1 month. Community composition changed more dramatically following increase in ammonium-N concentration from 40 to 80 mg L-1. Manipulation of N loading could be a useful strategy to improve IPB performance, while inoculation of AOB or NOB may be beneficial for treatment of water with high ammonium loading when N removal is the primary system goal. V.Coral reefs are among the most fragile ecosystems that provide essential services to local Small Island Developing States (SIDS) communities. As such, exploring the characteristics and interactions shaping regime shifts of coral reefs is of paramount importance in managing system pressures; enhancing resilience; aiding their regeneration and recovery process; and restoring habitat complexity. However, understanding the dynamics of coral reef ecosystems regime shift requires employing an approach capable of dealing with systems being affected by multiple climatic and socio-economic non-climatic pressures as well as an effective treatment of systemic embedded uncertainties. This study applies Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) in a participatory stepwise and systematic procedure to reflect dynamic casualties and temporal changes of coral reef ecosystem regime change over a long-time perspective. This mapping technique allows conceptualising dynamic models to represent causalities and modelling input values to simulate fluctuations within a complex temporal system. Port Resolution on Tanna Island in Vanuatu was selected as the case study region representative of Pacific-SIDS geography and human communities. As an initial outcome and an indicator of multidisciplinary of this study, twenty-seven principal influential factors and their corresponding causal relationships were identified. Subsequently, the coral reef regime shift was analysed under four main plausible scenarios representing major climatic and non-climatic trajectories. The results indicate that climate change factors play pivotal roles in the regime shift of the coral reef ecosystem globally. At the focal scale of this study, the tourism industry and coral fisheries are the most vulnerable services provided by coral reefs. As such, coupled local management interventions and global efforts in mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change is likely to yield better coral reef ecosystem services at a local community level.
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