Notes

MSF-Net: Multi-Scale Function Learning System regarding Category involving Floor Defects associated with Multifarious Dimensions.
Although the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) play essential roles in itch detection, their contribution to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)-associated itch remains unclear.

To investigate whether Mrgprs are involved in ACD and whether Mrgprs can be identified as potential therapeutic targets.

Mrgpr-clusterΔ
mice and human MrgprX1 (hMrgprX1) transgenic mice were used to evaluate the function of Mrgprs in oxazolone-induced ACD.

Utilizing an ACD model, we found that Mrgpr-clusterΔ
mice display significantly reduced pruritus. Among 12 Mrgprs deleted in Mrgpr-clusterΔ
mice, the expression of MrgprC11 and MrgprA3 was significantly increased in the ACD model, which also innervated the skin and spinal cord at higher-than-normal densities. The proportions of dorsal root ganglia neurons responding to bovine adrenal medulla peptide 8-22 and chloroquine were also remarkably increased in the ACD model, resulting in enhanced itch behaviour. To study the function of human Mrgprs in ACD-induced itch, we used hMrgprX1 transgenic mice, which rescued the severe itch defect of Mrgpr-clusterΔ
mice in the ACD model. Remarkably, pharmacological blockade of hMrgprX1 significantly attenuates ACD itch in hMrgprX1 transgenic mouse.

Our study provides the first evidence that Mrgprs are involved in ACD-induced chronic itch, which provides new avenues for itch management in ACD.
Our study provides the first evidence that Mrgprs are involved in ACD-induced chronic itch, which provides new avenues for itch management in ACD.This paper presents the effect of insecticides on the composition of the surface compounds of one of the most harmful insects, Tenebrio molitor, by analysis using GC-MS. As a result of the use of insecticides, the composition of the chemical compounds on the surface of insects changes, depending on the insecticides used. The most numerous groups of the marked compounds were fatty acids, alkanes, esters and sterols. The content of the identified compounds in the larvae increased at both 24 and 48 h after the application of insecticides, in comparison with the control samples. The content of identified compounds in the samples taken from the females increased 24, 48 and 72 h after the application of insecticides in comparison with the control samples. By contrast, in samples prepared from males, the content of identified compounds decreased 24 h after the application of insecticides, compared with the control samples. The highest content of chemical compounds was for fatty acids and alkanes after the use of insecticides. The content of fatty acids after the application of the insecticide with deltamethrin was 62.1 ± 3.3-466.9 ± 5.9 μg/g, and after the application of the insecticide with cyfluthrin was 49.9 ± 1.9-458.3 ± 4.2 μg/g. However, the content of alkanes after the use of deltamethrin was 115.6 ± 4.2-4672.0 ± 32.1 μg/g, and after the use of cyfluthrin was 189.4 ± 3.8-3975.0 ± 10.2 μg/g.
To provide percentage depth dose (PDD) data along the central axis for dosimetry calculations in small-animal radiation biology experiments performed in cabinet irradiators. The PDDs are provided as a function of source-to-surface distance (SSD), field size, and animal size.

The X-ray tube designs for four biological cabinet irradiators, the RS2000, RT250, MultiRad350, and XRAD320, were simulated using the BEAMnrc Monte Carlo code to generate 160, 200, 250, and 320kVp photon beams, respectively. The 320kVp beam was simulated with two filtrations a soft F1 aluminium filter and a hard F2 thoraeus filter made of aluminium, tin, and copper. Beams were collimated into circular fields with diameters of 0.5-10cm at SSDs of 10-60cm. Monte Carlo dose calculations in 1-5-cm diameter homogeneous (soft tissue) small-animal phantoms as well as in heterogeneous phantoms with 3-mm diameter cylindrical lung and bone inserts (rib and cortical bone) were performed using DOSXYZnrc. The calculated depth doses in three test-casured dose at a point to dose at any depth in small-animal phantoms, making it feasible for preclinical calculation of dose distributions in animals irradiated with cabinet-style irradiators. The dosimetric impact of bone must be accurately quantified as dramatic dose perturbations at and beyond the bone interfaces can occur due to the relative importance of the photoelectric effect at kilovoltage energies. These results will help improve dosimetric accuracy in preclinical experiments.
To investigate the association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in different age groups.

A total of 39 417 people, receiving Kailuan physical examination, completing baPWV examination from 2010 to 2017, with no history of CVD and atrial fibrillation, were selected as the observation objects. The population was categorized into one age group per 10 years, namely the <50, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80-year-old groups, and the total population, and each group was further assigned into three classes according to the triple quartiles of baPWV. Kaplan-Meier method helped to calculate the cumulative incidence of CVD in different age groups. The effect of baPWV on CVD in different age groups was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated statistical significance (p < .05) in the cumulative incidence of CVD among the whole population, <50, 50-59, and 60-69-year-old groups, while the cumulative incidence of end-point events among the baPWV subgroups of 70-79and ≥80-year-old groups exhibited no statistical significance (p > .05). Compared with baPWV in the Q1 group, hazard ratio value (95% confidence interval [CI]) of CVD in the Q3 group was 4.14 (95% CI 2.98-5.75) in the total population, 2.98 (95% CI 1.08-8.21) in <50-year-old population, 4.49 (95% CI 2.89-7.00) in 50-59-year-old population, 2.78 (95% CI 1.76-4.39) in 60-69-year-old population, 1.39 (95% CI 0.86-2.24) in 70-79-year-old population, and 1.15 (95% CI 0.55-2.41) in ≥80-year-old population.

CVD risk attributed to increased arterial stiffness reduces with age.
CVD risk attributed to increased arterial stiffness reduces with age.
Conventional ALA-PDT (C-PDT) has limited efficacy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and there is obvious pain during treatment, which limits its clinical application. We sought to modify photodynamic therapy into a more painless and effective treatment.

We modified C-PDT by reducing the incubation time of the pro-sensitizer and increasing the light dose; we named this method modified ALA-PDT (M-PDT). We compared the pain response and curative effect between C-PDT and M-PDT in cSCC mouse models. Pain-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Tumor progression-associated signaling pathways were analyzed by RNA-seq and western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured with a ROS test kit and Microplate reader.

M-PDT greatly reduced pain during treatment. Interestingly, when the cSCC tumor volume increased to 150-200 mm
, M-PDT almost completely eliminated the tumors, while C-PDT did not. The better curative effect of M-PDT might be due to the stronger suppression of the Stat3, Erk1/2, and mTOR signaling pathways. Moreover, flow cytometry demonstrated that M-PDT could recruit CD8
T cells to inhibit cSCC progression. Further investigation determined that the different mechanisms of C-PDT and M-PDT were related to more ROS generation induced by M-PDT.

Our results suggest that M-PDT, which is more painless and effective than C-PDT, is expected to provide a solution for the treatment of cSCC.
Our results suggest that M-PDT, which is more painless and effective than C-PDT, is expected to provide a solution for the treatment of cSCC.
Enzymatic catalyzed grafting of oligosaccharides with polyphenols is a safe and environmentally friendly approach to simultaneously enhance the bioactivity of oligosaccharides and the solubility of polyphenols. In this study, chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was grafted with three different flavonols including myricetin (MYR), quercetin (QUE) and kaempferol (KAE) by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalysis. The structures, antioxidant activity and edible coating application of COS-flavonol conjugates were investigated.

The total phenol content of COS-MYR, COS-QUE and COS-KAE conjugates was 59.89, 68.37 and 53.77 mg gallic acid equivalents g
, respectively. Thin layer chromatography showed the conjugates did not contain ungrafted flavonols. COS-flavonol conjugates showed ultraviolet absorption peak at about 294 nm, corresponding to the A-ring of flavonols. buy ZCL278 Fourier-transform infrared spectra of conjugates confirmed the formation of Schiff-base and Michael-addition products. The proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of COS-KAE conjugate exhibited phenyl proton signals of KAE. X-ray diffraction patterns of conjugates showed some diffraction peaks of flavonols. COS-flavonol conjugates presented rough and porous morphologies with sheet-like and/or blocky structures. The conjugates showed higher water solubility, free radical scavenging activity and reducing power than flavonols. Moreover, fish gelatin/COS-flavonol conjugate coatings effectively prolonged the shelf life of refrigerated largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fillets from 5 days to 7-8 days.

COS-flavonol conjugates prepared by HRP catalysis have great potentials as novel antioxidant agents. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
COS-flavonol conjugates prepared by HRP catalysis have great potentials as novel antioxidant agents. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Transcervical inflatable mediastinoscopic esophagectomy (TIME) is a novel method of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for esophageal cancer. However, whether TIME is effective and feasible as conventional MIE remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TIME by comparing it with thoracoscopic esophagectomy (TE).

Surgical outcomes and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates of patients with local early- or intermediate-stage thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma that underwent TIME or TE from January 2017 to December 2019 were analyzed in this retrospective study. Propensity score matching was used to control the confounding factors.

The mean operation time in TIME was shorter than that in TE (p < 0.05). Patients in the TIME group achieved postoperative ambulation earlier than thosein the TE group(p < 0.05). The rate of pulmonary complications was lower in TIME than in TE (p < 0.05). The number of lymph nodes harvested during surgery and the RFS rates of two groups did not have significantdifferences.

TIME may be a feasible and safe method to treat local early- and intermediate-stage thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma effectively and it could be a supplementary surgical method of TE for patients with poor pulmonary function or cannot undergo TE.
TIME may be a feasible and safe method to treat local early- and intermediate-stage thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma effectively and it could be a supplementary surgical method of TE for patients with poor pulmonary function or cannot undergo TE.
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