Notes

Adiponectin and the regulation of gastric content amount from the newborn rat.
Surprisingly, when features are selected purely in terms of their classification power (Lasso), they consist mostly of side bands, while typical strong Raman peaks are not present in the discrimination vector. We propose that this occurs because large Raman bands are representative of a wide variety of intracellular molecules and are therefore less suited for accurate classification.Amyloid aggregation, formed by aberrant proteins, is a pathological hallmark for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. High-resolution holistic mapping of the fine structures from these aggregates should facilitate our understanding of their pathological roles. Here, we achieved label-free high-resolution imaging of the polyQ and the amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates in cells and tissues utilizing a sample-expansion stimulated Raman strategy. We further focused on characterizing the Aβ plaques in 5XFAD mouse brain tissues. 3D volumetric imaging enabled visualization of the whole plaques, resolving both the fine protein filaments and the surrounding components. Coupling our expanded label-free Raman imaging with machine learning, we obtained specific segmentation of aggregate cores, peripheral filaments together with cell nuclei and blood vessels by pre-trained convolutional neural network models. Combining with 2-channel fluorescence imaging, we achieved a 6-color holistic view of the same sample. This ability for precise and multiplex high-resolution imaging of the protein aggregates and their micro-environment without the requirement of labeling would open new biomedical applications.Carcinoembryonic antigens (CEAs) are known as one of the most common tumor markers. Their facile and affordable detection is critical for early diagnosis of malignant tumors, especially in resource-constrained settings. Here, we report a novel multimer-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) aptasensor for a specific CEA assay. The aptasensor is fabricated through aptamer-assisted self-assembly of silver-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs), and the self-assembled multimeric structure possesses abundant hot-spots to provide high SERS response. When CEA is introduced, the specific recognition of CEA by aptamers will lead to the disassembly of Au@Ag multimers due to the lack of a bridging aptamer between Au@Ag NPs. As a result, the number of hot-spots in the multimeric system is decreased, and the intensity at 1585 cm-1 of the SERS reporter (4-mercaptobenzoic acid, 4-MBA) on the surface of NPs will also be decreased. The Raman intensity is proportional to the logarithm of the concentration of CEA. The detection sensitivity can be down to the pg mL-1 level. The analytical method only needs a droplet of 2 μL of sample, and the detection time is less than 20 min. The multimer-based SERS aptasensor can be applied in sensitive and inexpensive detection of CEA in serum samples.We report experimental studies and develop mathematical models of levitation of microscale droplets over an evaporating liquid layer. The maximum size of droplets is estimated from the balance between gravity and Stokes force due to the action of upward Stefan flow generated by evaporation. Mathematical models of diffusion around levitating droplets allow us to determine Stefan flow velocity at the liquid layer surface. These results are then used to determine the dependence of levitation height on droplet size. Experimental data for a range of conditions are shown to collapse onto a single curve predicted from the model.The progress of nanotechnology has developed nanofluidic devices utilizing nanochannels with a width and/or depth of sub-100 nm (101 nm channels), and several experiments have been implemented in ultra-small spaces comparable to DNAs and proteins. However, current experiments utilizing 101 nm channels focus on a single function or operation; integration of multiple analytical operations into 101 nm channels using nanofluidic circuits and fluidic control has yet to be realized despite the advantage of nanochannels. Herein, we report the establishment of a label-free molecule detection method for 101 nm channels and demonstration of sequential analytical processes using integrated nanofluidic devices. Our absorption-based detection method called photothermal optical diffraction (POD) enables non-invasive label-free molecule detection in 101 nm channels for the first time, and the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.8 μM is achieved in 70 nm wide and deep nanochannels, which corresponds to 7.5 molecules in the detection volume of 7 aL. As a demonstration of sampling in 101 nm channels, aL-fL volumetric sampling is performed using 90 nm deep cross-shaped nanochannels and pressure-driven fluidic control from three directions. Finally, the POD and volumetric sampling are combined with nanochannel chromatography, and separation analysis in 101 nm channels is demonstrated. The experimental results reported in this paper will contribute to the advances in 101 nm fluidic devices which have the potential to provide a novel platform for chemical/biological analyses.Stretchable elastomers with superhydrophobic surfaces have potential applications in wearable electronics. However, various types of damage inevitably occur on these elastomers in actual application, resulting in the deterioration of the superhydrophobic properties. In this work, superhydrophobic elastomers (HB-imine-BZn-PDMS), was fabricated by employing a dual-layered structure. JQ1 in vitro The bottom layer was a silicon elastomer (imine-BZn-PDMS) with an imine/coordination dual cross-linked structure and room temperature self-healing efficiency of 94%. The top layer was imine-BZn-PDMS/silica nanocomposites to provide superhydrophobic properties. The HB-imine-BZn-PDMS elastomer exhibited fast triple self-healing ability at room temperature toward surface oxidation/decomposition, ruptures, or pinholes, and high durability under abrasion and stretching. The dual dynamic bonds of imine-BZn-PDMS enabled fast recovery of superhydrophobicity in 20 min at room temperature via bond exchange, after generating pinholes across the elastomer. Following surface chemical damage, the HB-imine-BZn-PDMS elastomer also exhibited fast (40 min) room-temperature self-healing ability, which is superior to that of most current self-healing superhydrophobic materials.Self-assembled nanomaterials (SANs) exhibit designable biofunctions owing to their tunable nanostructures and modifiable surface. Various constituent units and multi-dimensional structures of SANs provide unlimited possibilities for numerous applications. This review emphasizes the recent development of SANs in the fields of biosensing, bioimaging, and nano-drug engineering. The unit type, design concepts, material advantages, assembly driving force, nanostructure effects, drug loading performance, etc. are discussed and summarized. Finally, we briefly summarize how to assemble unique nanomaterials and point out the key challenges in this field.Ring-sliding behavior in polyrotaxanes imbues gels, elastomers, and glasses with remarkable stress-dissipation and actuation properties. Since these properties can be modulated and tuned by structural parameters, many efforts have been devoted to developing synthetic protocols that define the structures and properties of slide-ring materials. We introduce post-synthetic modifications of slide-ring gels derived from unmodified α-cyclodextrin and poly(ethylene glycol) polyrotaxanes that enable (i) actuation and control of the thermo-responsive lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior of ring-modified slide-ring hydrogels, and (ii) chemically bonding separate gels into hybrid or shape-reconfigured macro-structures with a slide-ring adhesive solution. The mechanical properties of the post-modified gels have been characterized by shear rheology and uniaxial tensile tests, while the corresponding xerogels were characterized by wide-angle X-ray scattering. These demonstrations show that post-synthetic modification offers a practical solution for re-configuring the properties and shapes of slide-ring gels.Ferrofluids based on maghemite nanoparticles (NPs), typically 10 nm in diameter, are dispersed in an ionic liquid (1-ethyl 3-methylimidazolium bistriflimide - EMIM-TFSI). The average interparticle interaction is found to be repulsive by small angle scattering of X-rays and of neutrons, with a second virial coefficient A2 = 7.3. A moderately concentrated sample at Φ = 5.95 vol% is probed by forced Rayleigh scattering under an applied magnetic field (up to H = 100 kA m-1) from room temperature up to T = 460 K. Irrespective of the values of H and T, the NPs in this study are always found to migrate towards the cold region. link2 The in-field anisotropy of the mass diffusion coefficient Dm and that of the (always positive) Soret coefficient ST are well described by the presented model in the whole range of H and T. The main origin of anisotropy is the spatial inhomogeneities of concentration in the ferrofluid along the direction of the applied field. Since this effect originates from the magnetic dipolar interparticle interaction, the anisotropy of thermodiffusion progressively vanishes when temperature and thermal motion increase.When you bite into a chile pepper or eat food containing chile (chilli), one might feel heat, or other associated feelings, some good such as the release of endorphins, and some bad. The heat, or pungency, and related feelings from eating chile peppers are the result of their chemical composition, i.e. the concentrations of capsaicinoids. link3 The major components are capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, which occur in chiles in the ratio of 6  4. Other capsaicinoids occur in smaller concentrations and are known as the "minor" capsaicinoids. Wilbur L. Scoville in 1912 created an organoleptic test, now known as the Scoville scale, which asked a panel of tasters to state when an increasingly dilute solution of the chile pepper in alcohol no longer burned the mouth. Following the Scoville scale, a plethora of analytical techniques later followed. In this overview, we explore the endeavours directed to the development of electrochemical-based sensors for the determination of capsaicin and related compounds, starting from their use in hyphenated laboratory set-ups to their modern use as stand-alone electroanalytical sensors. The latter have the advantage of providing a rapid and sensitive methodology that has the potential to be translated in the field; future trends and issues to be overcome are consequently suggested.During the past few decades, there has been a growing trend towards the use of smartphone-based analysis systems. This is mainly due to its ubiquity, its increasing computing capacity, its relatively low cost and the ability to acquire and process data at the same time. Furthermore, there are many sensors integrated into a smartphone, for example a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor. A CMOS sensor enables optical analysis for example by using it as a colorimeter, photometer or spectrometer. This review explores the current state-of-the-art smartphone-based optical analysis systems in various areas of application. It is organized into three sections, each of which investigates one class of smartphone-based devices (i) smartphone-based colorimeters (ii) smartphone-based photo- and spectrometers and (iii) smartphone-based fluorimeters.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jq1.html