Notes

Enumeration associated with Probiotic Strain Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) Making use of Possibility Real-time PCR.
6% (37,662) continued smoking during early pregnancy. The risk of birth defects was higher in the continued-smoking (P less then 0.000, OR = 1.87, 95%CI 1.36-2.56) and decreased-smoking groups (P = 0.007, OR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.10-1.82). In the case-control analysis, infants whose fathers stopped (P = 0.003, OR = 0.32, 95%CI 0.15-0.67) or decreased smoking (P = 0.000, OR = 0.25, 95%CI 0.13-0.49) were at lower risk of congenital heart diseases, limb abnormalities, digestive tract anomalies, and neural tube defects than those whose fathers continued smoking. CONCLUSION Preconception paternal smoking may be associated with congenital heart diseases, limb abnormalities, and neural tube defects in the offspring. Changes in smoking behavior may reduce this risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathological hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an imbalance in hepatic lipid homeostasis, in which lipophagy has been found to play a vital role. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the role of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. METHODS CMA activity was evaluated in liver tissues from NAFLD patients and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Liver-specific LAMP2A-knockout mice and HepG2 cells lacking LAMP2A [L2A(-) cells] were used to investigate the influence of CMA on lipolysis in hepatocytes. The expression of Plin5, a lipid droplet (LD)-related protein, was also evaluated in human and mouse liver tissues and in [L2A(-)] cells. RESULTS Here, we found disrupted CMA function in the livers of NAFLD patients and animal models, displaying obvious reduction of LAMP2A and concurrent with decreased levels of CMA positive regulators. More LDs and higher serum triglycerides accumulated in liver-specific LAMP2A-knockout mice and L2A(-) cells under high-fat challenge. Meanwhile, deleting LAMP2A hindered LD breakdown but not increased LD formation. In addition, the LD-associated protein Plin5 is a CMA substrate, and its degradation through CMA is required for LD breakdown. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the disruption of CMA-induced Plin5 degradation obstacles LD breakdown, explaining the lipid homeostasis imbalance in NAFLD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Regenerative medicine using human or porcine β-cells or islets has an excellent potential to become a clinically relevant method for the treatment of type-1 diabetes. High-resolution imaging of the function and faith of transplanted porcine pancreatic islets and human stem cell-derived beta cells in large animals and patients for testing advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) is a currently unmet need for pre-clinical/clinical trials. The iNanoBIT EU H2020 project is developing novel highly sensitive nanotechnology-based imaging approaches allowing for monitoring of survival, engraftment, proliferation, function and whole-body distribution of the cellular transplants in a porcine diabetes model with excellent translational potential to humans. We develop and validate the application of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and optoacoustic imaging technologies in a transgenic insulin-deficient pig model to observe transplanted porcine xeno-islets and in vitro differentiated human beta cells. We are progressing in generating new transgenic reporter pigs and human-induced pluripotent cell (iPSC) lines for optoacoustic imaging and testing them in transplantable bioartificial islet devices. see more Novel multifunctional nanoparticles have been generated and are being tested for nuclear imaging of islets and beta cells using a new, high-resolution SPECT imaging device. Overall, the combined multidisciplinary expertise of the project partners allows progress towards creating much needed technological toolboxes for the xenotransplantation and ATMP field, and thus reinforces the European healthcare supply chain for regenerative medicinal products. © 2020 The Authors. Cell Proliferation Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.OBJECTIVES To examine the overall cognitive development of children exposed to maternal rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in utero by comparing their school test scores, to those of their peers. METHODS Children born in Denmark 1995-2008, and listed in the National School Test Register were included (n=738,862). Children exposed to maternal RA were identified through linkage of national registers. In separate analyses, exposure was subdivided according to maternal serostatus. Preclinical maternal RA was included as a separate exposure. The Danish National School Tests are mandatory, standardized tests. Results from all reading tests (grades 2, 4, 6 and 8) and mathematics tests (grades 3 and 6) from 2010-2017 were included. Test scores were compared according to maternal RA exposure, for each test separately, using linear regressions. RESULTS we identified 934 children exposed to maternal RA in utero. There were no differences in reading test scores, between maternal RA exposed and unexposed children. RA exposed children scored poorer in both mathematics tests (adjusted differences of mean score -0.14 standard deviations (SD) (95% CI -0.23; -0.06 ) and -0.16 SD (95% CI -0.26 -0.07 ). There was no appreciable difference between children by maternal RA serostatus. Children exposed to preclinical RA (n=589) showed the same pattern of performance as children exposed to RA. CONCLUSIONS RA exposed children scored slightly poorer in mathematics tests, but performed as well as their unexposed peers in the reading tests. The results do not suggest that RA in pregnancy has a major impact on offspring school performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Aqueous rechargeable batteries are becoming increasingly important to the development of renewable energy sources, because they promise to meet cost-efficiency, energy and power demands for stationary applications. Over the past decade, efforts have been devoted to the improvement of electrode materials and their use in combination with highly concentrated aqueous electrolytes. Here the latest ground-breaking advances in using such electrolytes to construct aqueous battery systems efficiently storing electrical energy, i.e., offering improved energy density, cyclability and safety, are highlighted. This review aims to timely provide a summary of the strategies proposed so far to overcome the still existing hurdles limiting the present aqueous batteries technologies employing concentrated electrolytes. Emphasis is placed on aqueous batteries for lithium and post-lithium chemistries, with potentially improved energy density, resulting from the unique advantages of concentrated electrolytes. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
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