Notes

Investigation of Defense Landscaping Shows Prognostic Value of Cytotoxic CD4+ Big t Tissues within the Core Area associated with pMMR CRC.
The aim of this study was to compare
the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of
(EEE) and
(EES) at 50% and 75% versus
ATCC 25175.

This was a prospective, comparative, longitudinal experimental study. The ethanol extract of
and
leaves was obtained by the vacuum filtration method at concentrations of 50% and 75% and was compared with a positive control (0.12% chlorhexidine).
strains were isolated in a culture medium (Mitis Salivarius Agar) ideal for the growth of bacterial colonies. The antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract was carried out following the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method in Mueller-Hinton agar to measure bacterial sensitivity. A value of
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Evaluation of the antibacterial effect of EEE and EES at 24 and 48 h showed that a concentration of 75% for both groups had the highest antimicrobial activity against
(11.2 ± 0.7 mm; 11.6 ± 0.5 mm and 11.3 ± 0.7 mm; 11.8 ± 0.5 mm, respectively). So, the results have shown that the concentration of EEE and EES of 75% has a greater efficacy than the concentration of 50%, but both concentrations are not as effective as chlorhexidine.

EEE and EES at concentrations of 50% and 75% present antibacterial activity against
ATCC 25175.
EEE and EES at concentrations of 50% and 75% present antibacterial activity against S. mutans ATCC 25175.
A medical ethics course was launched in 2012 in a French University Dental School. We compared knowledge and attitudes, before and after implementation of that course. The aim of this study was to compare students who received an ethics course (third year) to those who did not have such training, however, most of them did have some clinical traineeship.

An anonymous questionnaire was sent to the second-, third-, and sixth-year students. It comprised questions with Likert item format answers and clinical vignettes with open responses. The results were analyzed by two approaches a statistical analysis (chi-square or Fischer exact tests) and a content analysis using a predefined grid.

A total of 299 respondents replied (75% students) the questionnaire. The analysis showed a statistically significant association between knowledge of the law and information procedures (
< 0.0001), access to medical files (
= 0.004), and recording consent (
= 0.049). It was also significant between knowledge of the law and the principles of biomedical ethics (
< 0.0001 for autonomy and beneficence). The third-year students could state the principles of medical ethics with their percentage always greater than the sixth-year students. After the third year, the students' attitudes switched from a social to a medical emphasis, and their point of view regarding patient's autonomy evolved. Patient's refusal of care raised potential conflicts between autonomy, professional judgment, information, and consent.

Ethics teaching could offer a way to turn positive attitudes into real competencies and should be considered at an early stage.
Ethics teaching could offer a way to turn positive attitudes into real competencies and should be considered at an early stage.
Ergonomics and the avoidance of occupational or work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are crucial for a future dentist's career, as studies have linked WRMSDs to some serious complications, including early retirement. This study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge and awareness about ergonomics and the prevalence of WRMSDs among dental students and dentists in Makkah province, Saudi Arabia.

A cross-sectional study was conducted of 322 dental students and dentists from two universities in Makkah province, Saudi Arabia, using a self-report questionnaire to measure ergonomic awareness and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to measure WRMSDs.

Among the respondents, only 4.82% could correctly explain ergonomics, 14.16% had attended a course or workshop on ergonomics, 55.12% were familiar with preventive techniques for WRMSDs, and 37.95% were familiar with remedies/treatment for WRMSDs. Females were significantly more aware of WRMSDs than males. There was 81.33% who had trouble (pain, aches, or discomfort) in one or more parts of their body during the previous 12 months. The most common sites for WRMSDs were the upper back (48.19%), wrists/hands (44.27%), lower back (43.98%), neck (36.45%), and shoulder (33.43%). In most body parts, WRMSDs were more common among males and participants from a governmental university than among females or those from a private university.

Both dental students and dentists in Saudi Arabia lacked awareness of ergonomics and experienced high levels of WRMSDs. More educational efforts and attempts are needed to boost dental professionals' knowledge about musculoskeletal disorders related to dental profession and built the skills to cope with them.
Both dental students and dentists in Saudi Arabia lacked awareness of ergonomics and experienced high levels of WRMSDs. More educational efforts and attempts are needed to boost dental professionals' knowledge about musculoskeletal disorders related to dental profession and built the skills to cope with them.
The objective of this study was to assess
the antibacterial efficacy of Ca(OH)
with iodoform versus Ca(OH)
with camphorated paramonochlorophenol as intrachannel pastes on an
biofilm.

The diffusion method was used in wells. The strain used was
ATCC 29212. Bile esculin agar was inoculated into 60-well plates of 5 mm in diameter. Three groups were formed Group 1 Calen PMCC (Ca(OH)
+ camphor paramonochlorophenol); Group 2 Metapex (Ca(OH)
+ iodoform); and Group 3 camphor paramonochlorophenol inoculated with
as a positive control. check details The plates were then incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Bacterial inhibition halos were read.

Group 1 presented the highest antimicrobial efficacy with a mean of 16.2 ± 0.6 mm, whereas Group 2 only had an antimicrobial effect of 9.7 ± 1.3 mm. Finally, Group 3 only exposed to the positive control (camphor paramonochlorophenol) showed an effect of 14.6 ± 1.0 mm. The inferential analysis showed statistically significant differences between the antimicrobial effect of the three groups (
= 0.001).

Ca(OH)
paste with camphor paramonochlorophenol (Calen PMCC) has a greater antibacterial action on
. The iodoform-associated Ca(OH)
paste (Metapex) showed significantly lower antibacterial action against
(
< 0.05).
Ca(OH)2 paste with camphor paramonochlorophenol (Calen PMCC) has a greater antibacterial action on E. faecalis. The iodoform-associated Ca(OH)2 paste (Metapex) showed significantly lower antibacterial action against E. faecalis (P less then 0.05).
This study aimed to assess the improvement in the knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene scores of elementary school children after being provided education by kiddie doctors.

A quasi-experiment design with pretest-posttest control group model was conducted on 143 students belonging ages 8-12 years old in two selected elementary schools. Kiddie doctors educated their peers three times at four-week intervals. Baseline data were collected a week before the education, and the final data were collected a month after the third education session. Data regarding knowledge and attitude were collected using questionnaires filled in by the respondents. The oral hygiene index simplified (OHIS) and patient hygiene performance (PHP) index data were obtained through intra-oral examinations. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent
tests and multiple linear regression analysis.

After receiving education, there was a change in the knowledge, attitude, OHIS, and PHP scores (
= 0.005). Kiddie doctors were estimated to decrease the OHIS and PHP scores by 0.312 and 0.579 points, respectively.

The education provided by kiddie doctors improved the knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene status of children. Kiddie doctors could help health workers who are still constrained in routine promotional activities.
The education provided by kiddie doctors improved the knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene status of children. Kiddie doctors could help health workers who are still constrained in routine promotional activities.
To provide dentists and dental team with insights concerning risk and precautions during COVID-19 outbreak crisis as it would help in decision making among dental community.

A comprehensive review of all English and non-English articles was carried out using the available CORD-19 dataset with MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane library, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases. The study included all articles that matched the search terms.

A total of 353 were retrieved, of which 13 articles were reviewed comprehensively. Studies included in this systematic review emphasized on reinforcing strict infection control measures and minimizing human-to-human contact during COVID-19 outbreak. All surfaces in operatory room including waiting area need adequate ventilation and disinfection. Dental patients need to be screened using COVID-19 targeted questions as well as measuring their body temperature. Restricting dental treatments to only emergency cases and rescheduling all routine visits is advised with careful attention to minimize aerosol generation and following highest level of personal protection when treating COVID-19 confirmed cases. Dental offices need to establish a standard protocol of case reporting and referral to other well-prepared facilities. Lastly, online platforms are beneficial tools in providing psychological support to distressed dentists, dental team and dental patients and educating public during COVID-19 crisis.

Dental team need to follow strict infection control measures and minimize aerosol generation during COVID-19 outbreak. It is the responsibility of dental care workers to keep themselves informed and ensure safety and control transmission within dental facilities. Further research is required.
Dental team need to follow strict infection control measures and minimize aerosol generation during COVID-19 outbreak. It is the responsibility of dental care workers to keep themselves informed and ensure safety and control transmission within dental facilities. Further research is required.
The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices among dental teaching institutions and private practitioners in Asian countries.

Systematic review of observational studies on BMW management was conducted. We searched the following electronic bibliographic databases PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar. Manual search was carried out for similar topics in the National Medical Library, New Delhi. In addition, the bibliographies were manually searched. There was no disagreement between the two reviewers. This review was reported and conducted in step with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Only studies written in English and published until November 2019 were included. This review was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO registration number is CRD42019124900).

In this review, of 678 articles, 24 articles met inclusion criteria. Available scientific studies showed that knowledge regarding BMW management guidelines varied from 33% to 100% among dentists.
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