Notes

PDB-101: Educational resources supporting molecular research by way of chemistry and biology along with treatments.
We illustrate our method by estimating incidence rate for individuals who tested HIV-negative within 1.5 and 5 years prior to Botswana Combination Prevention Project enrolment. This article establishes that accurate estimates of HIV incidence rate can be obtained from individuals' history of testing in a cross-sectional cohort study design by appropriately accounting for selection bias and misclassification error. Moreover, this approach is notably less resource-intensive compared to longitudinal and laboratory-based methods.This study aimed to (i) evaluate short-term changes in dental fear during a 9-month period among women and men, and (ii) evaluate whether the course and magnitude of changes in dental fear were associated with changes in depression and anxiety. #link# The longitudinal data of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study were used. Out of 3808 women and 2623 men, 1984 women and 1082 men filled in the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) at gestational weeks 14 and 34, and 3 months after childbirth. Other questionnaires used were the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90. All scales were analyzed as sum scores. The MDAS was also trichotomized to assess the stability of dental fear. link2 Statistical significances of the changes in dental fear, depression, and general anxiety were evaluated using repeated-measures Friedman tests. link3 Correlation coefficients were used to describe the associations between measures (Spearman) and their changes (Pearson). Dental fear more often increased than decreased, but for the majority it was stable. On average, dental fear, depression, and anxiety symptoms correlated throughout the study. The correlations tended to be stronger with depressive symptoms. However, the relationships between changes in dental fear, depression, and anxiety were not systematic.One of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease is high total cholesterol. It is known that some foods can reduce plasma cholesterol, such as oats. Cassava flour has a similar amount of fiber when compared to oats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypocholesterolemic potential of cassava flour. Thirty Wistar rats (eight weeks old) were divided into three groups control, high-cholesterol diet, high-cholesterol diet + cassava flour, and were treated for 8 weeks. The weight and food consumption of the animals were evaluated weekly. After euthanasia, analyzes of biochemical and oxidative stress profiles were performed, besides the histological analysis of the liver. Cassava flour protected animals from lipoperoxidation, according to thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances results and improved superoxide dismutase activity and thiol content; however, failed to improve the lipid profile and catalase. Cassava flour was possibly able to slow the progression of NASH according to liver histology. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Lifestyle and nutritional habits have been considered important factors associated with the development of dyslipidemia and other chronic diseases. Medicines for chronic diseases are often expensive and have present side effects, and therefore, it is preferable to prevent them through food. Cassava flour is a food widely consumed by Brazilians, which is inexpensive and contains no gluten. Understanding more about one of the most used foods in Brazil is important for health professionals to be able to prescribe it for the correct purposes.We describe a step by step technique for repair of a small umbilical hernia laparoscopically that aims to provide an excellent technical and cosmetic result without a significant increase in operative time or cost. Patients report good quality of life post-operatively and appear satisfied with the cosmetic result.Mesothelioma is a rare cancer caused by exposure to asbestos. Belgium has a known long history of asbestos production, resulting in one of the highest mesothelioma mortality rates worldwide. While the production of asbestos has stopped completely, the long latency period of mesothelioma, which can fluctuate between 20 and 40 years after exposure, causes incidences still to be frequent. Mesothelioma's long incubation time affects our assessment of its geographical distribution as well. Since patients' residential locations are likely to change a number of times throughout their lives, the location where the patients develop the disease is often far from the location where they were exposed to asbestos. Using the residential history of patients, we propose the use of a convolution multiple membership model (MMM), which includes both a spatial conditional autoregressive and an unstructured random effect. Pancreatic cancer patients are used as a control population, reflecting the population at risk for mesothelioma. Results show the impact of the residential mobility on the geographical risk estimation, as well as the importance of acknowledging the latency period of a disease. A simulation study was conducted to investigate the properties of the convolution MMM. The robustness of the results for the convolution MMM is assessed via a sensitivity analysis.
To evaluate the relationship between residual urine volume, pyuria and bladder carcinoma recurrence.

The clinical data of 305 patients who had post-void residual urine volume measured and preoperative pyuria were retrospectively collected. The patients were classified into three risk groups based on the presence of residual urine and pyuria good (negative residual urine and pyuria), intermediate (positive residual urine or pyuria) and poor (positive residual urine and pyuria). Predictive factors for intravesical recurrence-free survival were statistically analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier methods. The propensity score matching method was used to adjust the patients' backgrounds.

The median follow-up period for all patients was 44months. The presence of residual urine (P=0.0164) and pyuria (P=0.0233) were two independent prognostic factors for recurrence. After patients were classified into risk groups, the poor-risk group showed significantly shorter recurrence-free survival compared with that of the good- (P=0.0002) and intermediate-risk groups (P=0.0090). Even after matching, the presence of residual urine was related to short recurrence-free survival in male patients (P=0.0012). When stratified by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk groups, the presence of pyuria was related to short recurrence-free survival, especially for intermediate-risk patients without bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment.

Post-void residual urine and preoperative pyuria are two risks for recurrence-free survival in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Post-void residual urine and preoperative pyuria are two risks for recurrence-free survival in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Attachment insecurity is negatively linked to sexual satisfaction in committed relationships, but we have much to learn about the specific mechanisms underlying this connection. With a sample of 1,421 participants from Amazon's Mechanical Turk, we used structural equation modeling to explore whether sexual passion expression (harmonious, obsessive, inhibited) might mediate the association between insecure attachment (anxious and avoidant) and sexual satisfaction. Anxious attachment was linked to lower harmonious sexual passion, higher obsessive sexual passion, and higher inhibited sexual passion. Attachment avoidance was linked to lower harmonious sexual passion and higher inhibited sexual passion. Harmonious sexual passion was strongly linked to higher sexual satisfaction, and inhibited sexual passion was negatively linked to sexual satisfaction (for men). Sexual passion expression variables fully mediated the associations between attachment insecurity and sexual satisfaction. This study highlights that the expression of sexual passion may be important when considering the connection between attachment and sexual satisfaction.Nursing history is firmly rooted in social and political activism; however, both the word activism and its defined actions have been minimized in modern nursing practice. This paper seeks to define activism, its uses, and importance to the nursing discipline. A concept analysis using the Walker and Avant (2019) method was conducted. Literature sources were identified through a search of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO along with hand searches of reference lists. Nursing activism is a concept that extends from within the discipline's ethical responsibilities and social contract with humanity. Activism differs from advocacy or engagement as it requires the expenditure of energy including personal, social, and/or political capital. Nursing activism is a necessary response to health inequities, social accountability, and advancement of the nursing profession.
The effect of environmental and lifestyle factors on patients with LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) p.Gly2019Ser (LRRK2
/PD
) compared to idiopathic PD (iPD) has yet to be thoroughly investigated.

In a homogeneous Tunisian Arab Berber population, we recruited 200 idiopathic PD and 199 LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser mutation carriers, of whom 142 had PD (LRRK2
/PD
) and 57 were unaffected (LRRK2
/PD
). Case report form (CRF) questionnaires (motor and non-motor symptoms) including the Geoparkinson Questionnaire were used to assess environmental and lifestyle factors.

In LRRK2
/PD
, tobacco use was significantly associated with a later median age at onset (AAO). The median AAO was 60 years (interquartile range = 52-67.25) for tobacco users, compared to 52 years (interquartile range = 45.25-61) for non-users (P = 0.0042 at adjusted α = 0.025). Additionally, we observed an independent but additive effect of black tea consumption and tobacco use.

Our data suggest that tobacco and black tea have a protective effect on age at onset in LRRK2
/PD
. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Our data suggest that tobacco and black tea have a protective effect on age at onset in LRRK2+ /PD+ . © 2020 The Authors. LY-3475070 supplier published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Anti-reflux metal stent (ARMS) has been used to prevent recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) due to sludge formation or food impaction. However, the most suitable ARMS remains to be identified. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of biliary drainage using duckbill-shaped ARMS (D-ARMS).

This was a multicenter, retrospective observational study conducted at three Japanese tertiary institutions. Patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction who underwent biliary stenting using D-ARMS were eligible to participate. Technical success, functional success, adverse event (AE), and time to RBO (TRBO) were evaluated.

Thirty patients underwent biliary stenting using D-ARMS from December 2018 to October 2019. The technical success rate and functional success rate were 93% and 87%, respectively. However, nonvisibility of the markers at the tip of the metal stent or spontaneous extension was occasionally observed, making biliary stenting using D-ARMS difficult. Early AE occurred in 10% of the patients including cholangitis and pancreatitis.
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