Notes

Ab cocoon in youngsters: A case document and also review of books.
The treatment-related adverse events were observed in 82.0% (141 of 172) of patients, and 17.4% (30 of 172) had grade greater than or equal to 3, among which decreased neutrophil count (2.9%), leukopenia (2.9%), and pneumonia (2.9%) were the most common. The overall blinded independent central review-evaluated objective response rate was 59.3% (102 of 172, 95% confidence interval 51.6-66.7), and the median progression-free survival was 9.7 (95% confidence interval 8.3-11.1) months.

Rezivertinib was found to have promising efficacy with a manageable safety profile in patients with EGFR T790M-mutated advanced NSCLC. Further study is warranted.
Rezivertinib was found to have promising efficacy with a manageable safety profile in patients with EGFR T790M-mutated advanced NSCLC. Further study is warranted.
To study the use of the self-expanding Covera covered stent for the treatment of stenotic lesions at the venous anastomosis of hemodialysis arteriovenous grafts (AVGs).

A total of 110 patients with AVG venous anastomotic stenosis of ≥50% and access dysfunction were treated at 14 centers in the United States using percutaneous transluminal angioplasty followed by covered stent placement. The primary end points were 30-day safety and 6-month target lesion primary patency (TLPP). The secondary measures included access circuit primary patency, circuit cumulative patency, and the number of reinterventions through 24 months.

Freedom from a primary safety event at 30 days was 96.4% while the 6-month TLPP rate was 70.3%. Seventy-five patients completed 24-month follow-up (68.2%). The TLPP rates were 54.2% at 365 days and 36.9% at 730 days while the access circuit primary patency rates were 16.7% at 365 days and 7.8% at 730 days (Kaplan-Meier analysis). The access circuit cumulative patency rates were 85.4% at 12 months and 73.6% at 24 months. The number of reinterventions to maintain the patency of the access circuit was 3.6 ± 3.1 at 24 months (1.6 ± 1.9 at the target lesion).

Use of the Covera covered stent for hemodialysis graft-vein anastomotic stenosis provided a safe treatment option with a TLPP rate of 70.3% at 6 months and TLPP and cumulative access circuit patency rates of 36.9% and 73.6% at 2 years.
Use of the Covera covered stent for hemodialysis graft-vein anastomotic stenosis provided a safe treatment option with a TLPP rate of 70.3% at 6 months and TLPP and cumulative access circuit patency rates of 36.9% and 73.6% at 2 years.Copy number alterations (CNA) are structural variation in the genome, in which some regions exhibit more or less than the normal two chromosomal copies. This genomic CNA profile provides critical information in tumour progression and is therefore informative for patients' survival. It is currently a statistical challenge to model patients' survival using their genomic CNA profiles while at the same time identify regions in the genome that are associated with patients' survival. Some methods have been proposed, including Cox proportional hazard (PH) model with ridge, lasso, or elastic net penalties. However, these methods do not take the general dependencies between genomic regions into account and produce results that are difficult to interpret. In this paper, we extend the elastic net penalty by introducing additional penalty that takes into account general dependencies between genomic regions. This new model produces smooth parameter estimates while simultaneously performs variable selection via sparse solution. The results indicate that the proposed method shows a better prediction performance than other models in our simulation study, while enabling us to investigate regions in the genome that are associated with the patients' survival with sensible interpretation. We illustrate the method using a real dataset from a lung cancer cohort and simulated data.Patient similarity learning has attracted great research interest in biomedical informatics. Correctly identifying the similarity between a given patient and patient records in the database could contribute to clinical references for diagnosis and medication. The sparsity of underlying relationships between patients poses difficulties for similarity learning, which becomes more challenging when considering real-world Electronic Health Records (EHRs) with a large number of missing values. In the paper, we organize EHRs as a graph and propose a novel deep learning framework, Structure-aware Siamese Graph neural Networks (SSGNet), to perform robust encounter-level patient similarity learning while capturing the intrinsic graph structure and mitigating the influence from missing values. The proposed SSGNet regards each patient encounter as a node, and learns the node embeddings and the similarity between nodes simultaneously via Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with siamese architecture. Further, SSGNet employs a low-rank and contrastive objective to optimize the structure of the patient graph and enhance model capacity. The extensive experiments were conducted on two publicly available datasets and a real-world dataset regarding IgA nephropathy from Peking University First Hospital, in comparison with multiple baseline and state-of-the-art methods. The significant improvement in Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1 score on the patient encounter pairwise similarity classification task demonstrates the superiority of SSGNet. The mean average precision (mAP) of SSGNet on the similar encounter retrieval task is also better than other competitors. Furthermore, SSGNet's stable similarity classification accuracies at different missing rates of data validate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposal.The essential homeostatic process of dead cell clearance (efferocytosis) is used by viruses in an act of apoptotic mimicry. Among others, virions leverage phosphatidylserine (PS) as an essential "eat me" signal in viral envelopes to increase their infectivity. In a virus-inspired biomimetic approach, we demonstrate that PS can be incorporated into non-viral lipid nanoparticle (LNP) pDNA/mRNA constructs to enhance cellular transfection. The inclusion of the bioactive PS leads to an increased ability of LNPs to deliver nucleic acids in vitro to cultured HuH-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells resulting in a 6-fold enhanced expression of a transgene. Optimal PS concentrations are in the range of 2.5 to 5% of total lipids. PS-decorated mRNA-LNPs show a 5.2-fold enhancement of in vivo transfection efficiency as compared to mRNA-LNPs devoid of PS. Effects were less pronounced for PS-decorated pDNA-LNPs (3.2-fold increase). Incorporation of small, defined amounts of PS into gene delivery vectors opens new avenues for efficient gene therapy and can be easily extended to other therapeutic systems.Advances in diagnostic and imaging capabilities have allowed cancers to be detected earlier and characterized more robustly. These strategies have recently branched into theranostics whereby contrast agents traditionally used for imaging have been co-loaded with therapeutics to simultaneously diagnose and treat cancers in a patient-specific manner. Microbubbles (MBs) and nanobubbles (NBs) are contrast agents which can be modulated to meet theranostic needs particularly in the realm of oncology. The current review focuses on ultrasound-responsive MB/NB platforms used as a theranostic tool in oncology. NGI1 We discuss in detail the key parameters that influence the utility of MB/NB formulations and implications of such treatment modalities. Recent advances in composition strategies, latest works in the pre-clinical stages and multiple paradigm-shifting innovations in the field of MB/NB are discussed in-depth in this review. The clinical application of MB/NB is currently limited to diagnostic imaging. Surface chemistry modification strategies will help tune the formulations toward therapeutic applications. It is also anticipated that MB/NB will see increased use to deliver gas therapeutics. Scalability and stability considerations will be at the forefront as these particles get introduced into the clinical theranostic toolbox.
To (a) identify methodological and application papers reporting a model developed specifically for diagnostic test accuracy network meta-analysis (DTA-NMA) or a hierarchical meta-regression method for comparing at least three index tests; (b) review and summarize the characteristics of the methods and the application papers; and (c) compare DTA-NMA and hierarchical meta-regression methods empirically.

We performed a scoping review and searched major databases until March 3rd, 2021. We assessed the characteristics of the identified methods, conducted a descriptive analysis of characteristics of the application articles, and applied the DTA-NMA and meta-regression methods to the available data.

We included 49 articles (plus one companion report), of which nine were methodological (describing 11 DTA-NMA methods) and 40 were application papers (data available for 32 DTA-NMAs). Our results showed a steep increase in recent years in DTA-NMA publications. DTA-NMA models may lead to different results. Although sensitivity estimates were comparable between meta-regression and DTA-NMA models, specificity estimates were higher in meta-regression.

The choice of a DTA-NMA model will depend on the available data, including the use of different thresholds for test positivity, different study designs, and software familiarity. Selection between the methods may impact on the NMA results, especially for specificity.
The choice of a DTA-NMA model will depend on the available data, including the use of different thresholds for test positivity, different study designs, and software familiarity. Selection between the methods may impact on the NMA results, especially for specificity.
Taohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD) is based on the "First Recipe of Gynecology." It is widely used in various blood stasis and deficiency syndromes, mainly in gynecological blood stasis, irregular menstruation, and dysmenorrhea. THSWD has great demand in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), gynecology, orthopedics, and internal medicine. According to classical records, three medicinal materials, namely Rehmanniae radix, Angelica sinensis, and Carthamus tinctorius, used in THSWD need to be "washed with yellow rice wine." In the study of TCM prescriptions, the processing methods of medicinal materials not only needed to follow traditional records but also should consider modern technical conditions. Many medicinal materials in the repertoire of classical prescriptions involve yellow rice wine processing. Determining the processing method for medicinal materials is a key and difficult problem in the research and development of classical prescriptions.

With THSWD as the representative, this study analyzed differenarations.
The study revealed the differences in different yellow rice wine processing methods in terms of chemical composition of the THSWD obtained, as well as the mechanisms of action for the treatment of PD. This study provides a reference for the clinical application of THSWD and development of classical prescription preparations.
Polyalthia longifolia var. angustifolia Thw. (Annonaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine as a tonic for rejuvenation and exhibiting good antioxidant activities.

To evaluate P. longifolia methanolic leaf extract (PLME) antiaging activity at 1mg/mL in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast.

The antiaging effect of PLME was studied via replicative lifespan assay, antioxidative stress assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination, reduced glutathione (GSH) determination, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) genes regulation studies and SOD and SIRT1 proteins activities.

The PLME treatment increased the growth and prolonged the lifespan of the yeast significantly (p<0.05) compared to the untreated yeast group. Besides, the PLME also protected the yeast from oxidative stress induced by 4-mM-H
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via decreasing (p<0.05) the ROS from 143.207 to 127.223. The antioxidative action of PLME was proved by spot assay. Phloxine B staining was further confirmed the PLME antioxidative action of PLME, where more whitish-pink live yeast cells were observed.
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