Notes

VDR/Atg3 axis handles slit diaphragm to restricted 4 way stop cross over via p62-mediated autophagy path in diabetic nephropathy.
PrEP became the most commonly reported prevention strategy in 2019 (31.1%). The analysis of 'at risk' participants showed that they became more likely to report frequent condomless anal intercourse with casual partners but had fewer partners and more partners with undetectable viral load or on PrEP. 'At risk' participants became more likely to identify as bisexual and to be born overseas.

There has been a rapid, historic shift in HIV prevention among GBM in Australia. Net prevention coverage has increased among GBM and 'at risk' GBM have become less at risk of HIV, facilitating reductions in HIV transmission.
There has been a rapid, historic shift in HIV prevention among GBM in Australia. Net prevention coverage has increased among GBM and 'at risk' GBM have become less at risk of HIV, facilitating reductions in HIV transmission.This cross-sectional study describes naloxone rescue kit receipt among people with HIV (PWH) on chronic opioid therapy (COT) and HIV clinician opioid overdose prevention care in two clinics between 2015 and 2017. Naloxone rescue kit receipt was uncommon. History of overdose was associated with receiving naloxone but having a clinician who reported providing overdose prevention care was not. This study suggests that clinicians prescribing COT to PWH should improve overdose prevention care, including naloxone co-prescribing.
We examined the longitudinal association between women's exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV viral load during pregnancy and postpartum.

Secondary analysis of an HIV-positive cohort enrolled during pregnancy at a South African antenatal clinic.

Viral load was assessed at 10 study visits and analyzed continuously as log10 copies/ml and suppression at less than 50 copies/ml. IPV was measured at three timepoints using behaviorally specific items. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the association between IPV and viral suppression, and cross-lagged dynamic panel modeling (DPMs) to estimate the longitudinal association between IPV (lagged by 3-6 months) and log10 viral load.

Of 471 women, 84% were virally suppressed by 6 weeks postpartum and 67% at 12 months postpartum. One-third reported IPV exposure. IPV victimization was not associated with viral suppression at delivery, but was associated with a reduced odds of viral suppression at 12 months postpartum (aOR = 0.48, 95% cing exposure to IPV are important for the health of women and may improve HIV care and treatment.
Doravirine is an alternative treatment option for individuals who do not tolerate efavirenz. We assessed efficacy, safety, and CNS effects in adults with HIV-1 and CNS complaints who switched from an efavirenz-based regimen to a doravirine-based regimen.

Multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial (NCT02652260).

Virologically suppressed adults receiving efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir (EFV/FTC/TDF), or its components, with ongoing EFV-associated CNS toxicity grade 2 or higher (DAIDS criteria) were switched to doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir (DOR/3TC/TDF) on day 1 (Immediate Switch Group [ISG]) or after 12 weeks (Deferred Switch Group [DSG]). CNS toxicity data were collected by self-administered questionnaire. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with any grade 2 or higher CNS toxicity at week 12. Secondary endpoints included virologic response and effect on fasting lipids.

Eighty-six participants (58% men, 56% black, median age 41 years, median 4 years on prior EFV regimen) were es maintained and lipid profiles improved after switching to DOR/3TC/TDF.
With ever-expanding antiretroviral therapy (ART) access among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, it is more than ever important to address the gap in knowledge around ART effectiveness, as measured by HIV viral load, and pregnancy loss.

A population-based cohort study.

The study sample consisted of 3431 pregnancies from 2835 women living with HIV aged 16-35 years old. All women participated in a population-based cohort conducted between 2004 and 2018 in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Viral load data were collected at prior surveys and an HIV care registry. The closest available viral load to the date that each pregnancy ended was used and classified as either a pre- or postconception viral load. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between high viral load (log10 viral load >4.0 copies/ml) and pregnancy loss, defined as either a miscarriage or stillbirth.

Pregnancy loss occurred at a rate of 1.3 (95% confidence interval 1.0-1.8) per 100 pregnancies. There were 1451 pregnancies (42.3%) with postconception viral load measurements. The median time between the viral load measurement and the pregnancy end date was 11.7 (interquartile range 5.0-25.4) months. selleck inhibitor We found a higher likelihood of pregnancy loss in women who had high viral loads prior to the outcome of their pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio 2.38, 95% confidence interval 1.10-5.18).

Given the significant relationship between high viral load and pregnancy loss, our study lends further credence to ensuring effective ART through enrolment and retention of pregnant women living with HIV in ART programs, treatment adherence interventions, and viral load monitoring during pregnancy.
Given the significant relationship between high viral load and pregnancy loss, our study lends further credence to ensuring effective ART through enrolment and retention of pregnant women living with HIV in ART programs, treatment adherence interventions, and viral load monitoring during pregnancy.
To quantify the rate of change in epigenetic age compared with chronological age over time in youth with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV) and youth who are perinatally HIV-exposed uninfected (YPHEU).

Longitudinal study of 32 YPHIV and 8 YPHEU with blood samples collected at two time points at least 3 years apart.

DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina MethylationEPIC array and epigenetic age was calculated using the Horvath method. Linear mixed effects models were fit to estimate the average change in epigenetic age for a 1-year change in chronological age separately for YPHIV and YPHEU.

Median age was 10.9 and 16.8 years at time 1 and 2, respectively. Groups were balanced by sex (51% male) and race (67% black). Epigenetic age increased by 1.23 years (95% CI 1.03--1.43) for YPHIV and 0.95 years (95% CI 0.74--1.17) for YPHEU per year increase in chronological age. Among YPHIV, in a model with chronological age, a higher area under the curve (AUC) viral load was associated with an increase in epigenetic age over time [2.
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