Notes

Dehydration-Reaction-Based Low-Temperature Activity of Amorphous SnOx regarding High-Performance Perovskite Cells.
Individual and system challenges that contributed to failure to fail were identified in this study, and we propose a three-way tension among learning, judgement and workforce. Three potential mitigation strategies have been identified to reduce failure to fail, namely a stage-based approach to remediation, faculty development in supervisory skills and improved assessment-for-learning processes.
Individual and system challenges that contributed to failure to fail were identified in this study, and we propose a three-way tension among learning, judgement and workforce. Three potential mitigation strategies have been identified to reduce failure to fail, namely a stage-based approach to remediation, faculty development in supervisory skills and improved assessment-for-learning processes.This paper presents a class of linear and nonlinear delay optimal control problems with mixed control-state constraints using a conformable fractional derivative. We modify the conformable fractional derivative using a novel translation from Caputo-Fabrizio derivative where the kernel is replaced by a suitable exponential function. Using some properties of the modified conformable derivative, fractional dynamic system is first transformed into a non-fractional one. The problem is then transformed to an equivalent problem with a fractional dynamical system without delay, using a Padé approximation. By utilizing the necessary optimality conditions in the form of Pontryagin's minimum principle for the optimal control problems and by constructing an error function, we define an unconstrained minimization problem. An artificial intelligence approach based on a fractional power series neural network scheme for solving the obtained minimization problem is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed idea is illustrated by several numerical examples.
What makes something a stressor within clinical students' education is unclear. Medical students moving from a predominantly protected classroom environment to a situated-work environment provided an ideal transition point to explore the criteria that might make a learning experience a stressor and whether these stressors hinder or challenge learning.

Data on the stressors associated with learning experiences in clinical education were collected from New Zealand undergraduate medical students. Free text comments, in a survey-based questionnaire were supplemented by focus group data. Using inductive thematic analysis with grounded theory, themes were generated about the characteristics of stressors; referred to here as stressor criteria. These stressor criteria were then classified according to their impact on perceived learning.

Under the broad headings of the nature of the learning task, external factors, internal factors, and social interaction; 12 stressor criteria groupings were defined. Some of these criteria were a positive challenge to learning (e.g. legitimacy of the task, novelty of the learning, social interactions) and others a hindrance.

Not all stressors hinder learning. Instead, and depending on their nature, many result in perceived assistance to learning. Stressors hindering learning need to be recognised by the teacher, especially those that can be converted from a hindrance to an assistance.
Not all stressors hinder learning. Instead, and depending on their nature, many result in perceived assistance to learning. Stressors hindering learning need to be recognised by the teacher, especially those that can be converted from a hindrance to an assistance.
Female sexual dysfunctions (FSDs) are common in women of any age and have a huge impact on quality of life and relationships. They have a multifaceted etiology limiting the development of pharmacotherapies with a high rate of effectiveness. Safety issues are also a concern across the reproductive life span.

The authors report the most recent advances in pharmacotherapy for premenopausal and postmenopausal women with a main focus on hypoactive sexual desire disorders (HSDD) and associated sexual symptoms. Good levels of evidence have emerged for psychoactive agents, such as flibanserin and bremelanotide, as well as hormonal compounds (transdermal testosterone). The authors also report briefly intravaginal DHEA (prasterone), local estrogen therapy (LET) and ospemifene to manage effectively vulvovaginal atrophy/genitourinary syndrome of menopause (VVA/GSM). In addition, they discuss promising therapeutic options highlighting the main reasons that hamper the availability of new-labelled products. Finally, they include the importance of the multimodal approach to address FSDs.

Approved pharmacotherapies for FSD are limited. Validated multidimensional instruments and adequate objective measures of physical and mental responses to sexual external and internal incentives are mandatory to identify women suitable to chronic or on-demand treatments and to assess their pattern of response in research and practice.
Approved pharmacotherapies for FSD are limited. Validated multidimensional instruments and adequate objective measures of physical and mental responses to sexual external and internal incentives are mandatory to identify women suitable to chronic or on-demand treatments and to assess their pattern of response in research and practice.Objectives This study examines disparities in older adults' mental health and well-being during the pandemic by sexual minority status. Methods This study analyzed data on older adults from the Health and Retirement Study's COVID-19 Module (N = 3142 for heterosexuals and N = 75 for sexual minorities). Weighted regressions linked concern about COVID-19, depression, pandemic emotional stress, and changes in loneliness, in-person contacts, income, and work to sexual minority status, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Results Compared to heterosexuals, sexual minority older adults had more concern about the pandemic and emotional stress and showed a decrease in in-person contact during the pandemic-these differences were not explained by sociodemographic characteristics. Sexual minority older adults were also more likely to have changes in income and work during the pandemic, but these differences were explained by sociodemographic characteristics. Discussion Sexual minority older adults have experienced worse mental health outcomes than heterosexuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, which merits intervention.
Liver compresses are commonly applied in complementary medicine during cancer treatment and are believed to have an energizing effect. We conducted a pilot study to investigate the influence of external application of yarrow liver compresses on the autonomous nervous system by analyzing the heart rate variability (HRV) in metastatic cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy and suffering from cancer-related fatigue (CRF).

A randomized pilot trial was undertaken with patients suffering from CRF receiving palliative radiation therapy for bone or brain metastasis over 2 weeks. CRF patients were randomized into an intervention group receiving yarrow liver compresses and a control group receiving no external application. HRV was analyzed at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) period of the study during daytime (d) and nighttime (n) in both groups and quantified using time-, frequency-, and nonlinear dynamics domains.

A total of 39 patients were randomized between September 2017 and August 2019 and a total of ention group, whereas in the control group, which did not receive any external application, increased parasympathetic activity was observed.Electronic media pervade modern life. Childhood is a crucial period for attentional development and the screen exposure time is increasing. This review aimed to understand the association between screen time and attention of children with typical development. A systematic review was conducted in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes PRISMA being registered at Prospero under number CRD42021228721. Selleck Etomoxir A search was performed in January 2021 with the following keywords "screen time," "children," and "attention," combined with the operator AND, on databases PubMed, and PsycINFO. Four hundred and ninety-eight articles were identified, and 41 papers were fully read, of which 11 were included in this review. Most studies found associations between screen time and attention in children. Only one study reported that children with more screen time performed better in an attention task. The findings suggest that exposure to excessive screen time in children can be associated with attention problems. Parents and teachers may be involved in controlling screen exposure, especially after the extensive exposition to online classes, due to the pandemic. Further studies are needed to assess the influence of this overexposure on care over time.
Our primary aim was to investigate crew performance during medical emergencies with and without ground-support from a flight surgeon located at mission control.

There are gaps in knowledge regarding the potential for unanticipated in-flight medical events to affect crew health and capacity, and potentially compromise mission success. Additionally, ground support may be impaired or periodically absent during long duration missions.

We reviewed video recordings of 16 three-person flight crews each managing four unique medical events in a fully immersive spacecraft simulator. Crews were randomized to two conditions with and without telemedical flight surgeon (FS) support. We assessed differences in technical performance, behavioral skills, and cognitive load between groups.

Crews with FS support performed better clinically, were rated higher on technical skills, and completed more clinical tasks from the medical checklists than crews without FS support. Crews with FS support also had better behavioral/non-technical skills (information exchange) and reported significantly lower cognitive demand during the medical event scenarios on the NASA-TLX scale, particularly in mental demand and temporal demand. There was no significant difference between groups in time to treat or in objective measures of cognitive demand derived from heart rate variability and electroencephalography.

Medical checklists are necessary but not sufficient to support high levels of autonomous crew performance in the absence of real-time flight surgeon support.

Potential applications of this research include developing ground-based and in-flight training countermeasures; informing policy regarding autonomous spaceflight, and design of autonomous clinical decision support systems.
Potential applications of this research include developing ground-based and in-flight training countermeasures; informing policy regarding autonomous spaceflight, and design of autonomous clinical decision support systems.
Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is a diagnostic classification to describe the occurrence of physical symptoms without organic cause. This study aimed to identify prevalence rates and associated characteristics of SSD among adults in primary care settings.

This cross-sectional study took place between July 2020 and March 2021 and included a random selection of 3383 Omani adults attending 12 primary healthcare centres in Muscat Governorate. Screening was conducted using an Arabic version of the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8).

A total of 2000 adults participated in the study (response rate 67.3%), of which most were female (71.7%) and under 50 years old (86.2%). Based on their SSS-8 scores, 602 participants (17.8%) had SSD, resulting in an overall prevalence estimate of 30.1% (95% confidence interval 28.13-32.15). Significant associations were observed between SSD and age (
= 0.002), gender (
< 0.001), marital status (
= 0.030) and chronic comorbidities (
= 0.001). In addition, adjusted odds ratio estimates revealed SSD to be significantly associated with gender (
< 0.
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