Notes

Constant subcutaneous blood insulin infusion modifies microRNA expression and glycaemic variation in youngsters with type 1 diabetes.
001). Parkinsonism severity was not associated with the mean susceptibility in the substantia nigra in the patient groups.

Our data suggested that QSM is sensitive to the increased magnetic susceptibility due to higher iron content in the substantia nigra in pDLB. The trend of increasing susceptibility from controls to iRBD and MCI-LB, and to pDLB suggests that iron deposition in the substantia nigra starts to increase as early as the prodromal stage in DLB and continues to increase as the disease progresses, independent of parkinsonism severity.
Our data suggested that QSM is sensitive to the increased magnetic susceptibility due to higher iron content in the substantia nigra in pDLB. The trend of increasing susceptibility from controls to iRBD and MCI-LB, and to pDLB suggests that iron deposition in the substantia nigra starts to increase as early as the prodromal stage in DLB and continues to increase as the disease progresses, independent of parkinsonism severity.
The aims of this study were to (1) estimate the effect of extended-release naltrexone compared with placebo on alcohol consumption in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and (2) conduct pre-planned subgroup analyses to test whether being abstinent when initiating treatment (lead-in abstinence) or the duration of treatment improves treatment efficacy.

Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of blinded randomized placebo-controlled trials reporting the effect extended-release naltrexone on alcohol consumption.

Outpatient clinics.

Seven trials evaluating a total of 1500 adults with AUD receiving monthly injections of either placebo or extended-release naltrexone at doses of 150-400mg for 2-6months and some form of behavioral therapy.

Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) in drinking days per month and heavy drinking days per month.

The WMD was -2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI)=-3.4, -0.6; P=0.03] in favor of extended-release naltrexone for drinking days per month and -1.2 (95% CI=-0.2, -2.1; P=0.02) for heavy drinking days per month, indicating that treatment resulted in two fewer drinking days per month and 1.2 fewer heavy drinking days per month compared with placebo. Trials not requiring lead-in abstinence and those lasting longer than 3months reported larger reductions in heavy drinking days per month; WMD -2.0 (95% CI=-3.52, -0.48; P=0.01) and -1.9 (95% CI=-3.2, -0.5; P=0.01), respectively. In all cases, the I
statistics (0-7.2%) did not suggest substantial heterogeneity.

Extended-release naltrexone reduces drinking days and heavy drinking days per month compared with placebo. Reductions are larger with a longer duration of treatment.
Extended-release naltrexone reduces drinking days and heavy drinking days per month compared with placebo. Reductions are larger with a longer duration of treatment.
The relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is not yet well established. Recent data suggest an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in PD patients. Therefore, we designed a study to assess surrogate markers of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk in PD.

We conducted a case-control study comparing PD patients recruited from a Movement Disorders Unit with controls randomly invited from a primary healthcare center. All participants underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, including medical history, physical assessment, carotid ultrasound, blood and urine analysis, and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The primary outcome was the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).

We included 102 participants in each study arm. No significant difference was found in the CIMT among groups (MD 0.01, 95% CI -0.02, 0.04). Carotid plaques were more frequent in PD patients (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.02, 3.55), although the lipid profile was more favorable in this group (LDL MD -18.75; 95% CI -10.69, -26.81). Nocturnal systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in PD patients (MD 4.37, 95% CI 0.27, 8.47) and more than half of the PD patients were non-dippers or reverse dippers (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.04, 3.20).

We did not find a difference in CIMT between PD and controls. A higher frequency of carotid plaques and abnormal dipper profile supports the hypothesis that PD patients are not protected from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
We did not find a difference in CIMT between PD and controls. A higher frequency of carotid plaques and abnormal dipper profile supports the hypothesis that PD patients are not protected from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.Piezoelectric materials, with their unique ability for mechanical-electrical energy conversion, have been widely applied in important fields such as sensing, energy harvesting, wastewater treatment, and catalysis. In recent years, advances in material synthesis and engineering have provided new opportunities for the development of bio-piezoelectric materials with excellent biocompatibility and piezoelectric performance. Bio-piezoelectric materials have attracted interdisciplinary research interest due to recent insights on the impact of piezoelectricity on biological systems and their versatile biomedical applications. This review therefore introduces the development of bio-piezoelectric platforms from a broad perspective and highlights their design and engineering strategies. State-of-the-art biomedical applications in both biosensing and disease treatment will be systematically outlined. The relationships between the properties, structure, and biomedical performance of the bio-piezoelectric materials are examined to provide a deep understanding of the working mechanisms in a physiological environment. Sitravatinib Finally, the development trends and challenges are discussed, with the aim to provide new insights for the design and construction of future bio-piezoelectric materials.
To estimate the treated prevalence of mental illness, substance use disorder (SUD) and dual diagnosis and the association between dual diagnosis and fatal and non-fatal overdose among residents of British Columbia (BC), Canada.

A retrospective cohort study using linked health, income assistance, corrections and death records.

British Columbia (BC), Canada.

A total of 921 346BC residents (455 549 males and 465 797 females) aged 10years and older.

Hospital and primary-care administrative data were used to identify a history of mental illness only, SUD only, dual diagnosis or no history of SUD or mental illness (2010-14) and overdoses resulting in medical care (2015-17). We calculated crude incidence rates of non-fatal and fatal overdose by dual diagnosis history. Andersen-Gill and competing risks regression were used to examine the association between dual diagnosis and non-fatal and fatal overdose, respectively, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, incarceration history, social assistance, history of prescription opioid and benzodiazepine dispensing and region of residence.
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