Notes

In vitro osteogenic routines of sulfated kind associated with polysaccharide purchased from Tamarindus indica D.
Seven patients experienced nasal regurgitation symptoms for fluids for a short time after LP, 2 patients after AP, and 7 patients after ESP. None of these symptoms showed persistence and diminished approximately at 1-month follow-up.

Anterior palatoplasty, LP, and ESP seem not to have any impact on nasalance scores of males.
Anterior palatoplasty, LP, and ESP seem not to have any impact on nasalance scores of males.The aim of this review is to elucidate the communications between the facial nerves or facial nerve and neighboring nerves the vestibulocochlear nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve, and the cervical plexus.In a PubMed search, 832 articles were searched using the terms "facial nerve and communication." Sixty-two abstracts were read and 16 full-text articles were reviewed. Among them, 8 articles were analyzed.The frequency of communication between the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve was the highest (82.3%) and the frequency of communication between the facial nerve and the glossopharyngeal nerve was the lowest (20%). The frequency of communication between the facial nerve and the cervical plexus was 65.2 ± 43.5%. The frequency of communication between the cervical branch and the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve was 24.7 ± 1.7%.Surgeons should be aware of the nerve communications, which are important during clinical examinations and surgical procedures of the facial nerves such as those communications involved in facial reconstructive surgery, neck dissection, and various nerve transfer procedures.
The objective of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes between interrupted and continuous buried suture methods in double eyelid blepharoplasty in Koreans.

Medical records of 204 patients (392 eyes) who underwent double eyelid operation by buried suture method and who were followed up for at least more than 3 months were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the buried suture method; an interrupted group (88 patients) and a continuous group (116 patients).

The rate of loss of formed double eyelid is 19.3 % (17 of 88 patients) in interrupted buried method and 8.6 % (10 of 116 patients) in continuous group (P = 0.026). One patient experienced an exposure of suture knot in a continuous group, whereas 5 patients experienced an exposure of suture knot and 1 patient suffered from granuloma in an interrupted group (P = 0.021).

The continuous buried suture method has a lower rate of the loss of double folds and less complication than the interrupted buried suture method for double fold formation in Koreans.
The continuous buried suture method has a lower rate of the loss of double folds and less complication than the interrupted buried suture method for double fold formation in Koreans.Blowout fracture is a common condition in the oculoplastics clinic. One of the indications for its repair is entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle within the fracture site. Herein, the authors present 3 patients of inferior rectus muscle sheath entrapment without entrapment of the muscle itself. The outcome of treatment was excellent in all patients. The aim of this report is to present the special clinical and radiologic findings in such patients.Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is widely used to treat acute subdural haematoma and hemispheric swelling following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The therapeutic effect of DC on severe TBI treatment is still controversial. The aim of our study was to evaluate effectiveness of DC treatment and seek some prognostic predictors. According to the therapy method, we divided the patients into 2 groups DC group and standard care group. Between 2010 and 2014, a total number of 223 severe TBI patients, containing 112 patients undergoing DC and 111 patients undergoing standard care, were enrolled into the study according to Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The long-term prognosis was evaluated by Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale 12 months after discharging from hospital. We used univariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves to explore prognostic predictors. The results showed that patients in the DC group had a lower mortality, but there was no statistical significance in long-term prognosis between these 2 groups. It seemed that admission GCS, platelet, neutrophile granulocyte, total protein, and albumin were associated with long-term prognosis in DC group and reactivity of pupils in standard care group. Simultaneously, using the multivariable logistic regression model, we confirmed that admission GCS and albumin were independent prognostic predictors for patients undergoing DC, and reactivity of pupils for those undergoing standard care. Our data suggested that DC was an effective therapy for severe TBI patients in reducing mortality, but it failed to improve long-term prognosis. click here Through our study, we could comprehend the characteristics of the 2 treatments and provide more scientific individuation therapy for severe TBI patients.
The authors present a series of patients who developed a pseudomeningocele following fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling (FOAR), describing clinical presentation, investigations, and management. Risk factors are identified and preventative strategies suggested.

From 2002 to 2012, all patients who underwent FOAR at our unit were identified. Those who developed a pseudomeningocele were selected and case notes, scan imaging and photographs were reviewed.

Two hundred thirty-six FOAR operations were carried out over 12 consecutive years. Sixty-one of these patients were syndromic. A pseudomeningocele occurred in 6 patients. All affected cases were syndromic. Clinical features of presentation with orbital pseudomeningocele included orbital swelling, ptosis, proptosis, and/or hypoglobus. Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) was managed before pseudomeningocele repair in 2 patients, at the time of pseudomeningocele repair using an extra-ventricular drain (EVD) or lumbar drain in 4 patients. Decompression ofrbital roof, and temporary CSF diversion.
Pseudomeningocele has not previously been described in FOAR, but in a large series of consecutive patients, we have identified a 2.5% incidence. This incidence increases to 10% in the syndromic population of patients undergoing FOAR. The risk factors include a diagnosis of syndromic craniosynostosis, dural tear, hydrocephalus or raised ICP, infection, persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, or presence of dead space. Preventative strategies include CSF management before or post-FOAR. The ultimate treatment of the pseudomeningocele and growing fracture involves surgical decompression of the collection, a duraplasty, reconstruction of the orbital roof, and temporary CSF diversion.
Autologous bone grafting is still considered the standard method for alveolar cleft repair. However, donor site morbidities remain a relevant problem in cleft care. Thus, the authors assessed postoperative donor site pain in cleft patients who underwent alveolar cleft repair by iliac crest bone graft transferring through a prospective randomized study comparing 2 minimally invasive harvesting techniques.

Fifty-six consecutive patients with cleft lip and palate who underwent iliac crest bone grafting for alveolar cleft repair were randomly divided into 2 groups bone graft harvested by minimally invasive techniques without (group 1) and with (group 2) periosteum elevation. Postoperative donor site pain was evaluated using a unidimensional numerical pain intensity rating scale (0, "no pain;" 10, "worst pain imaginable") at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours after the procedures and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days after surgeries. Intergroup comparisons were performed.

The mean measurements of donor site pain revealed no significant differences (all P > 0.05) in any of the evaluated postoperative period comparisons between groups 1 and 2. There was a greater number (P < 0.05) of group 1 patients who reported "no pain" in the donor site compared with group 2, suggesting that periosteum elevation may play a role in pain intensity measurement.

This prospective randomized study showed no difference in pain intensity among cleft patients who had postoperative pain. However, a greater number of patients in group 1 reported "no pain" in comparison to patients in group 2.
This prospective randomized study showed no difference in pain intensity among cleft patients who had postoperative pain. However, a greater number of patients in group 1 reported "no pain" in comparison to patients in group 2.
Because of the complications of classical subciliary incision, some modified subciliary approaches have been described in recent literature.

The aim of this study was to compare 2 commonly used subciliary approaches according to development of postoperative complications (scar formation, and ectropion).

Ninety patients were included in this retrospective study. Subciliary skin flap technique (SF group) was performed to 39 patients, while the others were operated by using skin-muscle (stepped) flap technique (SMF group). Fitzpatrick skin types, genders, ages, scar scores, and ectropion scores of the patients also were recorded.

The mean age of the patients was 39.3 (18-99) years, and the mean follow-up period was 2.1 (1-6) years. Fitzpatrick skin-type levels were between 2 and 4 (median = 3). No difference was found between 2 groups in terms of age, follow-up period, and Fitzpatrick skin-type levels. However, the scar values of the SMF group were significantly lower than the SF group statistically. Also, there was no significant difference between males and females in SF and SMF groups in terms of scar and ectropion formation. On the other hand, scar values were lower in SMF groups rather than SF group in males. Although ectropion values were not different between SF and SMF groups in females, ectropion values of SMF group were significantly lower than SF group in males statistically.

Subciliary skin-muscle (stepped) flap technique can be more reliable than subciliary skin flap technique for approach to orbitozygomatic fractures.
Subciliary skin-muscle (stepped) flap technique can be more reliable than subciliary skin flap technique for approach to orbitozygomatic fractures.
The efficacy of low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) in people with Type 2 diabetes has divided the nutrition community. This review seeks to re-examine the available data to clarify understanding.

A comprehensive search of databases was used to identify meta-analyses of LCD in Type 2 diabetes. To improve the quality of the studies analysed, the following inclusion criteria were applied randomized control trials ≥ 4 weeks in people aged > 18 years with Type 2 diabetes; a carbohydrate intake ≤ 45% of total energy intake per day; and a dietary intake assessment at the end of the study. The resulting studies were subjected to a thematic analysis.

Nine meta-analyses were identified containing 153 studies. Twelve studies met our amended inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences in metabolic markers, including glycaemic control, between the two diets, although weight loss with a LCD was greater in one study. Carbohydrate intake at 1 year in very LCD (< 50 g of carbohydrates) ranged from 132 to 162 g.
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