Notes

Malposition involving septum primum inside remote dextrocardia: unique as well as unusual type of anomalous lung venous give back in association with partially deficiency of pericardium-case report.
01). There was a weak negative correlation between the SC area change and AMP change in group A (
=-0.362,
<0.01). The postoperative IOP decreased after correction by Shah formula (
<0.05).

SC and TM in myopia patients change in the early postoperative stage of SMILE and the IOP is decline.
SC and TM in myopia patients change in the early postoperative stage of SMILE and the IOP is decline.
To demonstrate an improved surgical technique of whole piece consecutive internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling without preservation of the epi-fovea to treat high myopic foveoschisis (MF).

A 23-gauge 3-port pars plana vitrectomy was performed on 16 patients with high MF. A parallel arc line along the vascular arcades was scraped out with a curved membrane scraper DSP. Next, an ILM forceps was used to catch hold of the incisal edge of the ILM flap, and the action of releasing and separating was subsequently taken toward the direction of the macular fovea. Next, the ILM forceps was used to grasp the released area, and the whole area coherent ILM peeling covering the macular fovea was implemented thereafter. Finally, the ILM was folded backwards and peeled off in the arc direction.

At the final visit, the average central macular thickness decreased remarkably from 423.76±177.67 to 178.24±66.21 µm. The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity of 1.37±0.59 was significantly alleviated to 0.74±0.59.

The wide range of whole piece consecutive ILM peeling without preservation of the epi-fovea is proven to be effective and significantly reduced the occurrence of retinal tear and macular hole.
The wide range of whole piece consecutive ILM peeling without preservation of the epi-fovea is proven to be effective and significantly reduced the occurrence of retinal tear and macular hole.
To evaluate the results and complications of secondary endoresection
pars plana vitrectomy for choroidal melanoma and review the previously reported endoresection studies on the treatment of choroidal melanoma.

The medical records of 6 patients with choroidal melanoma who underwent secondary endoresection between March 2012 and March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The indications for secondary endoresection were progressive or recurrent tumor and severe exudative retinal detachment after previous treatment with plaque radiotherapy/Cyberknife radiosurgery/transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT).

Before endoresection, 2 eyes had Iodine-125 plaque radiotherapy and TTT, 1 eye had Ruthenium-106 plaque radiotherapy and TTT, 1 eye had Cyberknife radiosurgery and TTT, 1 eye had Cyberknife radiosurgery, and 1 eye had TTT only. Preoperative visual acuity ranged from 20/63 to 20/1600 (Snellen) and from 0.5 to 1.9 (mean 1.1) on the logMAR scale. The mean tumor base diameters were 9.5×8.7 mm and the mean tumor threatment option for globe salvage in choroidal melanoma not responsive to conventional treatment and displaying persistent exudative retinal detachment. There was no visual acuity increase among the treated eyes but globe salvage was possible in most cases in this study.
To develop and evaluate a new fundus image optimization software based on red, green, blue channels (RGB) for the evaluation of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Chinese population.

Fundus images that were diagnosed as AMD from the Shanghai Changfeng Study database were analyzed to develop a standardized optimization procedure. Image brightness, contrast, and color balance were measured. Differences between central lesion area and normal retinal area under different image brightness, contrast, and color balance were observed. The optimal optimization parameters were determined based on the visual system to avoid image distortion. A paired-sample diagnostic test was used to evaluate the enhancement software. Fundus optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used as the gold standard. CRT-0105446 order Diagnostic performances were compared between original images and optimized images using McNemar's test.

A fundus image optimization procedure was developed using 86 fundus images of 74 subjects diagnosed with AMD. By observing gray-scale images, choroid can be best displayed in red channel and retina in green channel was found. There was limited information in blue channel. Totally 104 participants were included in the paired sample diagnostic test to assess the performance of the optimization software. After the image enhancement, sensitivity increased from 74% to 88% (
=0.008), specificity decreased slightly from 88% to 84% (
=0.500), and Youden index increased by 0.11.

The standardized image optimization software increases diagnostic sensitivity and may help ophthalmologists in AMD diagnosis and screening.
The standardized image optimization software increases diagnostic sensitivity and may help ophthalmologists in AMD diagnosis and screening.
To compare the assessment outcomes of the characteristics of mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) established by fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA).

The fundus photos and FFA results of 260 patients with diabetes mellitus were reviewed. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity was graded based on the international classification standard. The microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) in FFA images of patients with mild to moderate NPDR were observed. The differences between the fundus photos and the FFA results were summarized, analyzed, and compared.

The counting of intraretinal hemorrhages identified by FFA revealed that only 9 eyes (1.9%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in all four quadrants; 15 eyes (3.1%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in three quadrants; 26 eyes (5.4%) had over 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in two quadrants; and 37 eyes (7.7%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in only one quadrant. Furthermore, the number of IRMAs appeared ≥4 in 17 eyes, 3 in 35 eyes, 2 in 69 eyes, and 1 in 93 eyes.

FFA has higher detection accuracy of retinal angiopathy than fundus photography. FFA grading results are helpful for timely detection and proper treatment of lesions easily missed by fundus photography.
FFA has higher detection accuracy of retinal angiopathy than fundus photography. FFA grading results are helpful for timely detection and proper treatment of lesions easily missed by fundus photography.
To investigate the feasibility of teaching minimally invasive vitreoretinal surgery with a robot-assisted surgical system and a three-dimensional (3D) visualization system.

Enucleated porcine eyes were established as an animal model for removing foreign bodies. Forty medical students were recruited to remove foreign bodies to compare the traditional microscope and the 3D system. One junior resident performed the surgical task with manual and robot-assisted operations on 20 porcine eyes for each group. One senior surgeon evaluated the retinal invasion by a graded injury degree. The learning curve for minimally invasive vitreoretinal surgery was described.

Compared with the robot-assisted group, the injury degree was higher in the manual group. For the first ten surgeries, the manual and robot-assisted groups had injuries of 2.60±1.35 (4 to 0) and 1.80±1.62 (4 to 0), respectively. For the last ten surgeries, the injury degrees were 1.90±1.20 (3 to 0) and 0.80±0.42 (1 to 0). Considering the manual and robot-assisted groups together, 95%, 75% and 60% of the students considered surgical manipulation with the 3D visualization system to be more comfortable, easier and clearer, respectively.

The robot-assisted surgical system and 3D visualization system may have value in teaching minimally invasive vitreoretinal surgery.
The robot-assisted surgical system and 3D visualization system may have value in teaching minimally invasive vitreoretinal surgery.
To investigate the effects of on ocular surface microbiota in patients who received intravitreal injections.

Samples of ocular surface microbiota were obtained from 41 eyes of 41 patients who visited the Department of Ophthalmology. Patients were separated for three groups. Group A did not receive perioperative managements or intravitreal injection. Group B1 received only once and B2 received more than twice. In operating room, the samples were collected on the ocular surface. Operating taxonomic units (OTUs) clustering and alpha/beta diversity analysis was performed. The microbial 16S rRNA from samples were analyzed using the HiSeq 2500 platform.

Alpha diversity did not differ in each group, and beta diversity differed in the B2 group. Beta diversity showed a significant difference between Group A and B2 (
=0.048). With the perioperative managements before intravitreal injection, the composition and relative abundance were altered. Top 10 microbiota on phylum and genus level, and then microbiota notably changed at genus level were listed. Gram-negative bacteria were varied more. Furthermore, Proteus was not found in Groups A and B1, but it was appeared after the patients received perioperative management and intravitreal injections in Group B2.

With the perioperative managements, the balance of microbiota on the ocular surface is destroyed, and relative composition and abundance of microbiota on the ocular surface is obviously altered. The clinical doctors should pay more attention on the consequence of perioperative managements before intravitreal injection.
With the perioperative managements, the balance of microbiota on the ocular surface is destroyed, and relative composition and abundance of microbiota on the ocular surface is obviously altered. The clinical doctors should pay more attention on the consequence of perioperative managements before intravitreal injection.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified trabeculectomy (experimental group) and implantation of EX-PRESS drainage device (control group), combined with intravitreal conbercept injection for neovascular glaucoma (NVG).

Totally 30 patients with NVG were selected from June 2014 to June 2017, and randomly divided into experimental group and control group. All patients were underwent intravitreal conbercept (0.5 mg/0.05 mL) treatment before surgery. Modified trabeculectomy was performed in MT group, while EX-PRESS drainage device implantation was performed in EX group. The success rates, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), filtering bleb and complications were observed and compared.

The differences of success rate, BCVA and filtering bleb were not statistically significant 12mo after the surgery (
>0.05), however, the difference of IOP at 1d, 1wk, 1, 3, and 6mo after surgery was statistically significant (

=390.64,

<0.0001) between two groups. The interactions between two groups in the given time showed no significant difference (

=0.181,

=0.57), and also there was no significant difference in IOP between the two groups (
=3.16,
=0.09). The results of pairwise comparison at each time point showed no significant difference in IOP between 1d and 1wk, 3 and 6, 3mo and 12mo after surgery (
>0.05), while the results at other time point indicate statistical differences (
<0.05).

The modified trabeculectomy and the implantation of EX-PRESS drainage device have clinical application value in reducing IOP and postoperative complications of refractory NVG.
The modified trabeculectomy and the implantation of EX-PRESS drainage device have clinical application value in reducing IOP and postoperative complications of refractory NVG.
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