Notes

Non-Acid Smooth Coverage and Esophageal Squamous Cellular Carcinoma.
Comparing the Body Mass Index of children with the parents' opinion of their children's weight, we noticed 85,71% and 78,13% of the parents whose children were obese and overweight respectively, regarded their weight as normal. The majority of the overweight and obese children's parents were of the opinion that their children's diet was proper and healthy.

Most parents whose children were obese or overweight underestimated the real weight of their children and considered their nutrition healthy.
Most parents whose children were obese or overweight underestimated the real weight of their children and considered their nutrition healthy.
Cholera is a contagious infection that can be fatal; in spite of this, it can be easily prevented by sticking to proper hygienic measures as well as administering cholera vaccine. However, prevention of cholera is highly dependent on the knowledge and attitude of the general population toward the symptoms and preventive measures of cholera, which is unclear in medical literature.

This survey analysis aims to explore the level of knowledge as well as attitude and practice of people in Jazan, Saudi Arbaia toward cholera infections.

A self-administered structured questionnaire was distributed via online link to individuals living in Jazan region in Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions on knowledge about cholera symptoms, etiology, and prevention as well as attitude and practices of the responders on this type of infection in addition to sociodemographic data. Data analysis was done through SPSS program version 24.

400 participants responded to this questionnaire. The mean score for knowledge section was 1.86 ± 0.990, for practice section was 5.07 ± 1.353, and for attitude section was 6.14 ± 2.346, all of them were below average rating. There was statistically significant difference (
-value = 0.003) between different educational levels, with a positive correlation between educational level and level of knowledge about cholera. There was a statistically significant difference (
-value = 0.034) between different genders. Females showed a significantly improved practice towards cholera infection.

The level of knowledge of the public in Saudi Arabia is poor. Also, the attitudes and practices of people in Jazan area, Saudi Arabia is considered unsatisfactory. Further studies in other regions of Saudi Arabia are highly recommended.
The level of knowledge of the public in Saudi Arabia is poor. Also, the attitudes and practices of people in Jazan area, Saudi Arabia is considered unsatisfactory. Further studies in other regions of Saudi Arabia are highly recommended.
Altruism is disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others. Intentional and voluntary actions that aim to enhance the welfare of another person in the absence of any external reward. With the background of increasing mistrust between the medical profession, media, and the public and increasing incidents of violence against doctors in India, there is a growing feeling that altruism in medicine, if not dying is at least declining.

To assess altruistic attitudes among Medical and Engineering students in a Medical and Engineering College in Bangalore and to determine the factors influencing altruistic behavior among these students.

An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 medical and 200 engineering students studying in medical and engineering college, respectively. The survey contained a structured pre-validated questionnaire containing general information and the Altruism personality scale items for measuring altruistic tendency in students.

Among the participants froethics and values is desired. Doing this study in a medical and engineering college setting would introduce the topic of altruism among the students and give them a chance to self-analyze their altruistic nature and bring about positive changes towards human altruism.
Coronaviral disease-19 is the global challenge for medical fraternity and public health sector. Need of social distancing has compelled physicians and surgeons to continue medical education through virtual mode like webinar.

To study the perceptions, practice and preferences of medical residents and professionals about webinar-based teaching.

An internet-based google-sheet questionnaire was circulated via email and social media for opining different facts about webinar-based teaching. Responses were analysed further to find the facts and preferences.

Our study showed that majority of participants found webinars as a useful and sustainable mode of teaching however some of them felt it as an overdone action resulting in unnecessary stress.

Teaching through virtual mode (e.g. webinar) is definitely a valuable tool for medical education especially during the need of social distancing. Its frequency, quantity, and quality should be monitored properly for the optimum outcome.
Teaching through virtual mode (e.g. webinar) is definitely a valuable tool for medical education especially during the need of social distancing. Its frequency, quantity, and quality should be monitored properly for the optimum outcome.
Conventional probes (CPs) have been considered acceptable as diagnostic tools to measure probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) but are affected by multiple variables. Electronic probes (EPs) provide controlled force, digital readout and data storage in computers. The objectives were to compare the reproducibility in the measurement of PPD and CAL by CP and the newly introduced CEJ handpiece of EP and intra-examiner and inter-examiner errors done in two phases.

Selected 720 periodontal sites in 1
molar of 30 persons with chronic periodontitis ≤4 mm and >4 mm pockets were analysed by two trained investigators in two phases at 2 hours difference by CP and CEJ handpiece of EP. selleck compound Standard deviation, mean difference, correlation coefficient,
value and student 't' test were done to analyse data.

The intra- examiner and inter-examiner analyses revealed that Pearson's correlation coefficient was above 0.080 and 0.722 in the ≤4 mm and >4 mm pockets, respectively. Mean difference was not statistically significant in both groups except in the intra- examiner findings in the 2
phase. Interprobe analysis depicted a standard error of mean of <0.03 in ≤4 mm pockets, whereas it varied from 0.047-0.056 in >4 mm pockets.

In conclusion, EP is advantageous for research purposes by providing automatic recording and long-term maintenance of data storage without the need of an assistant and patient education and motivation, whereas CP appears to be more useful in routine periodontal examination.
In conclusion, EP is advantageous for research purposes by providing automatic recording and long-term maintenance of data storage without the need of an assistant and patient education and motivation, whereas CP appears to be more useful in routine periodontal examination.
Silicosis is a progressive, irreversible and incurable respiratory morbidity and often becomes a cause for pre-mature mortality among occupationally silica dust-exposed workers in India and similar countries. It has a dual problem of associated silico-tuberculosis as a co-morbidity. The present study was done to assess the respiratory morbidity caused by silicosis in sandstone mine of Rajasthan, India.

The chest X-rays of 529 subjects having history of employment in stone mines with respiratory morbidity were subjected for this study and evaluated in accordance with ILO Classification 2000. The X-rays were classified into various categories of silicosis and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) in relation to years of work in stone mines.

Out of 529 chest radiographs evaluated, 275 (52%) showed radiological evidence of silicosis. Of them, 40 (7.5%) subjects showed large opacities suggestive of progressive massive fibrosis. Both silicosis and progressive massive fibrosis were associated with increasing durark together towards control of both silicosis as well as silico-tuberculosis. Similarly, there is an urgent need of initiation of national silicosis control programme, similar to existing national tuberculosis control programme, considering the huge burden of silicosis in India.
As a part of education reforms Medical Council of India has introduced early clinical exposure (ECE) as an important intervention in Medical teaching. It is stated in the literature, ECE helps to relieve stress of the students pertaining to patient handling, developing real-time clinical reasoning ability, communication skills, professional attitude, and patient empathy. With this view, this study was planned to assess effectiveness of early clinical exposure in improving attitude and professional skills in the current Indian medical education set up.

This cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 820 students for three years duration. Students were randomly divided into two groups viz. ECE exposed group (Group A) and Traditional teaching exposed group (Group B). We conducted periodical sessions (Each duration 60 minutes). We used a validated 10-point questionnaire for feedback collection.

Using perception-based 10-point questionnaire based on Likert scale we found, 93.21% of students strongly agree current Indian medical education set up.
Routine clinical strategies for the prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) during the surgical procedure of CABG include cross-clamp fibrillation and cardioplegia have failed to decrease the risk of perioperative myocardial injury (PMI). Cyclosporine-A (CsA) might be able to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and PMI.

In the present clinical trial, patients were divided into two groups (Case receive 2.5 mg/kg CsA and Control receive a placebo) randomly. Moreover, patients were controlled by placebo through a double-blind, single-center trial 4-12 h before anesthesia. Perioperative blood tests include bilirubin, complete blood count, the amount of hemoglobin in whole blood, liver transaminases, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Blood samples were taken before surgery and at 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery and serum Troponin-I and CK-MB levels were determined in all blood samples using ELISA.

There were no significant differences between the two groups in the results of routine pre-operative blood results, intraoperative variables, and baseline characteristics (
> 0.05). There are significant correlations between cross clamp time and cTnI and CKMB levels in patients taking CsA. In patients with both diabetes and hypertension, postsurgical cTnI and CKMB levels decrease significantly in CsA compared to placebo group on 24, 48, and 72 h (
< 0.05). Moreover, patients with old MI, both postsurgical cTnI and CKMB levels decrease significantly in CsA compared to placebo group on 24 h and 48 h (
< 0.05).

In patients with a long cross-clamping period, using an oral CSA single dose before conducting CABG surgery, the risk of PMI could be decreased. Also, oral CsA has protective effect for CABG in diabetic patients with hypertension.
In patients with a long cross-clamping period, using an oral CSA single dose before conducting CABG surgery, the risk of PMI could be decreased. Also, oral CsA has protective effect for CABG in diabetic patients with hypertension.
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