Notes

High-sensitivity FEES® together with the expert graphic improvement technologies "PIET".
Simultaneously, the Allan deviation (ADEV) of 9.6×10-14/s and 8.4×10-17/104s is reached, respectively. The scheme can provide a relatively feasible solution to implement fiber-optic frequency transfer over the existing telecom network infrastructure.In this investigation, we describe a simple cyclic radial shearing interferometer for single-shot wavefront sensing. Instead of using the telescope lens system used in typical radial shearing interferometry, a single lens is used to generate two diverging radial shearing beams. This simple modification leads to the advantages of conveniently adjusting the radial shearing ratio, compactness of the system, and practical ease of alignment. With the aid of a polarization pixelated CMOS camera, the spatial phase-shifting technique is used to extract the phase with a single image. The most important feature is the fringe contrast enhancement by reducing the aberrations caused by the complicated optical system even though an incoherent light is used. The experimental results show the fringe contrast enhancement is at least 0.1 better than that of the conventional method, and the wavefronts are properly reconstructed with less than 0.071λ root-mean-squared wavefront error regardless of the coherence of the light.The ion-exchanged glasses bombarded with 80 eV, 100 eV, and 120 eV argon ions at room temperature are investigated. The optical and structural properties of ion-exchanged glasses before and after bombardment were analyzed by means of a UV-vis spectrometer, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron probe micro analysis, respectively. The optical absorption and transmittance spectra of ion-exchanged glasses appear as obvious changes in the UV-visible region after bombardment. The optical absorption band and transmittance properties of ion-exchanged glasses at about 369-900 nm are less sensitive to the ion bombardment energy than that at about 200-280 nm. The changes in binding energy shift and peak area ratios of non-bridging oxygen and bridging oxygen contributions to the O 1s lines were observed with increasing ion beam bombardment energy. Accompanied with out-diffusion of potassium cations during argon ion bombardment, the peak of potassium cations concentration in the exchanged region decreases and moves into the interior of glasses in different degrees. The results show that variation of structure and optical properties of the ion-exchanged glasses are indicative of alterations of the silicate network structure induced by argon ion bombardment, which provide important information for application of the ion-exchanged glasses.The optical measurement algorithm for the real front and back surfaces of contact lenses from their center to periphery accurately and simultaneously is proposed. It is an algorithm that makes light incident vertically along the curved surfaces of contact lenses under the condition that the difference of curvature radii between the front and back surfaces is small enough within the NA of the optical probe. For this purpose, we adopted time-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) with translation and rotation mechanisms. The shape, thickness distribution, and curvature radii of both surfaces were estimated with OCT signal analysis and circular approximation. The measured results were compared with the designed values and the measured data from a conventional shape measurement device. The curved shape of both surfaces and thickness were well matched with the designed values from lens center to periphery. In a curvature radius of the front surface, there was a proportional bias with a limit of agreement of -0.77% to -2.09%, and the correlation coefficient was 0.57. On the back surface, there was no systematic bias, and minimal detectable change was 0.178 mm, in a range of 95% confidential interval. The proposed algorithm well visualized the real shape and optical characteristics of the contact lens with enough accuracy to the design.Sodium alginate (SA), as a natural marine biopolymer, possesses many merits such as super-easy accessibility from the ocean, low cost, nontoxicity, and no synthesis for practical application. For the chemical structure, SA has enough lone electron pairs of oxygen atoms in the backbone and short branched chains, which is expected to passivate oxygen vacancy on the surface of the ZnO cathode buffer layer to improve the photovoltaic performance. Herein, it was applied to modify the surface trap of the ZnO layer in fullerene and non-fullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs). The defects were successfully reduced, and the trap-assisted recombination decreased. In a PTB7-ThPC71BM system, power conversion efficiency (PCE) was improved from 8.06% to 9.36%. TAS-120 purchase In the PM6IT-4F system, PCE was enhanced from 12.13% to 13.08%. The addition of SA did not destroy the stability of the device. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential for preparing devices with long-time stability and industrial manufacture of PSCs by using biological materials in the future.Infrared (IR) images are basically low-contrast in nature; hence, it is essential to enhance the contrast of IR images to facilitate real-life applications. This work proposes a novel adaptive clip-limit-oriented bi-histogram equalization (bi-HE) method for enhancing IR images. HE methods are simple in implementation but often cause over-enhancement due to the presence of long spikes. To reduce long spikes, this work suggests to apply a log-power operation on the histogram, where the log operation reduces the long spikes, and power transformation regains the shape of the histogram. First, a histogram separation point is generated applying the mean of the multi-peaks of the input histogram. After that, an alteration in the input histogram is done using the log-power process. Subsequently, a clipping operation on the altered histogram followed by redistribution of the clipped portion is performed to restrict over-enhancement. Next, the modified histogram is sub-divided using the histogram separation point. Finally, the modified sub-histograms are equalized independently. Simulation results show that the suggested method effectively improves the contrast of IR images. Visual quality evaluations and quantitative assessment demonstrate that the suggested method outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms.We present a spatially modulated snapshot imaging polarimeter using two Savart polariscopes (SMSIPTS). Not only can it avoid alignment angle errors and additional phase errors of a half-wave plate (HWP), it can also avoid changing the HWP frequently when we want the target polarization state at different wavelengths and can increase some channel bandwidth to improve image quality, compared with a spatially modulated snapshot imaging polarimeter (SMSIP). The alignment angle error and additional phase errors of SMSIP and the optical layout and principle of SMSIPTS are derived first. The full Stokes polarization images can be obtained by processing the interferogram. Based on SMSIPTS, we determine the filtering method by simulation. We proved the feasibility of SMSIPTS, and the effect of SMSIPTS and SMSIP on reconstruction is compared by simulation. Last, we experimentally verified the feasibility of the theory of SMSIPTS.We demonstrate the controllable generation of infrared dispersive waves (DWs) from customized, in-house fabricated silica microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) by manipulating the location of zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) through the structure of the fibers. The highly enriched shaping mechanism of arrested soliton in the MOFs with two ZDWs provides a technique for efficient energy transfer into the targeted eye-safe wavelengths at 1.7 and 2.0 µm by the virtue of DW formation.The second-harmonic generation process of a focused laser beam inside a nonlinear crystal is described by the Boyd-Kleinman theory. Calculating the actual conversion efficiency and upconverted power requires the solution to a double integral that is analytically intractable. We provide an expression that predicts the exact gain coefficient within an error margin of less than 2% over several orders of magnitude of the confocal parameter and as a function of the walk-off parameter. link2 Our result allows for readily tuning the beam parameters to optimize the performance of the upconversion process and improve optical system designs.Black phosphorus (BP) is an important two-dimensional material that plays a key role in new photoelectric devices. In this work, a triple-band BP-based absorber was proposed, in which a monolayer BP is coupled with the missing angle rectangular structure. Due to the critical coupling of the guided resonance, the BP absorber achieves a triple-band absorption. The results showed that the absorption spectra at 2901.76 nm, 3810.71 nm, and 4676.97 nm under TM polarization achieve a high absorption of 95.45%, 98.68%, and 98.06%, respectively. In addition, the absorption peak and resonance wavelength can be flexibly adjusted by the electron doping of BP, the geometrical parameters of the structure, and the refractive index of the dielectric substrate. Because of the anisotropy properties of BP, the structure exhibits polarization-dependent absorption characteristics. Thus, the missing angle rectangular structure will provide a potential to design mid-infrared absorbers and shows a significant practical application in many photoelectric devices such as photodetectors, modulators, and optical switches.We propose a theoretical method of pumping optimization for the Er-Yb laser based on the concept of a self-cooling laser. The pumping optimization realizes the anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling and excitation transfer by the Yb ions simultaneously. In this case, the Yb ions become the sources of cooling while the Er ions remain the heating sources. With a certain ratio between the cooling and heating sources, the operating temperature of the laser medium can be stabilized. We simulate the pumping process for the parameters of the Er, YbYAG system to demonstrate the possibility of getting a thermally stabilized operating mode of the laser for the ion ratios in the range of 40 to 60 Yb ions to one Er ion. The simulations show that the self-cooled laser medium can be implemented for the laser intensities of kW/cm2 in the cavity.A plane wave aspheric surfaces test is simpler and easier to assemble than a spherical wave test. An optical system combining Dall with Offner null compensation using a plane wave is proposed for measuring large-aperture and large-relative-aperture aspheric concave surfaces. One back compensation lens and one front compensation lens are used in the system, which can realize a high-precision null test. Based on the third-order aberration theory, the normalized theoretical parameters are calculated by formula derivation, and then are optimized after analysis. The design characteristic is compared with the classical plane wave Offner null test. A prototype experiment of the proposed method is carried out with a parabolic mirror of 500 mm diameter, at relative aperture 1/1, showing that RMS surface error of λ/40 can be obtained.In order to measure the grating constants of different types of holographic samples efficiently and conveniently, we use spectrophotometers and the macro angle-resolved spectrum system to measure spectral information from six different holographic samples with three types, including rainbow holographic samples with light pillars, plain rainbow holographic samples, and matte holographic samples with light pillars. The information obtained from the instruments was used to investigate their grating constants by the grating equation. It was found that for the grating constant calculation, compared with the values measured using a light optical microscope, the angle-resolved spectrum system and the 45/0 spectrophotometers were applicable to the samples with rainbow effects. For the matte holographic samples, the angle-resolved spectrum system, which was mainly used to distinguish the differences between different matte samples, was necessary. link3 The results from the spectrometric methods were similar to those from the light optical microscope.
My Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tas-120.html