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tion and aerobic capacity.
Excessively intense physical training can compromise the functionality of the immune system and contribute to the appearance of symptoms associated with overtraining syndrome (OTS). The aim of this study was to analyze the splenic morphological changes in Wistar rats submitted to demanding training.

The animals were randomly assigned to 2 groups; control group (CG) and exercise group (EG), animals in the EG group were sacrificed after 1 (EG1) and 3 weeks (EG3) of training. The animals were stimulated to run on the treadmill (-20º; from 25m/min, with a progressive increase of 1.25m/minute at each session; 1 hour/day) 6 days/ week. Body weight, food intake, appearance of hair, behavior and ability of animals to perform the imposed work were assessed during the protocol. The spleen was collected for histological analysis and immunohistochemical identification of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells and NF-kB transcription factor.

The protocol did not induce OTS, however, decreases were observed in areas of white pulp in EG3 in relation to the other groups. N6022 price The training induced a decrease in splenic CD4+ T cells with an increase in CD8+T cells. The training increased the expression of NF-κB P65 compared to sedentary animals.

In conclusion, even without manifestation of OTS, strenuous physical training, alter the histological and immunological structures of the spleen, suggesting in part a compromise in the functionality of the immune system.
In conclusion, even without manifestation of OTS, strenuous physical training, alter the histological and immunological structures of the spleen, suggesting in part a compromise in the functionality of the immune system.
In order to verify if partner dance is an appropriate physical activity (PA) for elderly, to promote and maintain healthy fitness level, physiological and exertional responses during ballroom and smooth dance in elderly were examined.

Twenty healthy amateur dancers (10 men and 10 women, age 72.0±5.9 yrs, BMI 25.5±4.2 kg/m²) with multiyear dancing experience performed 3 different kinds of ball (choosing between Mazurka, Viennese Waltz and Polka or Slow Waltz, Tango and Foxtrot), each lasting 3 minutes, with a 3-minute recovery between consecutive balls. Cardio-respiratory data were continuously recorded with a portable metabolimeter (K5, Cosmed, Italy) in order to assess Metabolic Equivalent Task (METs) of each ball. The Borg Category-Ratio anchored at the number 10 (CR10 scale) was used to assess perceived effort (RPE) at the end of each ball.

There were no gender differences in METs and RPE. Also, no differences in RPE were observed between balls. The mean METs for ballroom dance were Tango 4.3±1.1, Slow Waltz 4.5±1.1 and Foxtrot 4.8±1.4 METs, respectively; the mean METs for smooth dance were Mazurka 5.3±0.9, Viennese Waltz 5.8±0.8 and Polka 5.9±1 METs, respectively. Polka elicited significantly higher METs values than Tango (p<0.0007) and Slow Waltz (p<0.0017); Viennese Waltz elicited significantly higher METs values than Tango (p<0.0016), too.

In general, ballroom and smooth dance demanded moderate to vigorous PA intensity levels (according to the specific classification for elderly). Therefore, all studied dance styles met the suggested intensity of the current guidelines for elderly and thus may serve as a legitimate form of PA for elderly.
In general, ballroom and smooth dance demanded moderate to vigorous PA intensity levels (according to the specific classification for elderly). Therefore, all studied dance styles met the suggested intensity of the current guidelines for elderly and thus may serve as a legitimate form of PA for elderly.
Changes in some of the immune system factors are associated with a risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of one bout submaximal endurance exercise (OBSEE) on the innate and adaptive responses of hypertensive patients.

From among 70 men with hypertension, 20 men (Mean ± SD, age 60.25 ± 4.59 yrs, body mass index (BMI) 29.57 ± 3.68 k/m2, and the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) 34.83 ± 2.11 ml/kg/min) were chosen. The statistical sample performed OBSEE for 30 minutes and at 60-65% of the maximum heart rate reserve (MHRR). Blood sampling was performed to measure the response of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophil (NEUT), basophil (BASO), eosinophil (EO), monocyte (MONO) and lymphocyte (LYMPH) of hypertensive patients before and immediately after exercise. Plasma volume changes (PVCs) were also calculated in order to find out accurate effectiveness of exercise. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to normalize the research data. To analyze the data, paired sample t-test was used at significant level (P ≤ 0.05). The hypothesis test was performed using SPSS software version 19.

The results after adjusting for PVCs showed that OBSEE significantly increased WBCs (P = 0.001) in hypertensive patients. On the other hand, a significant decrease was observed in EO (P = 0.001) and MONO (P = 0.001) levels after OBSEE. Significant changes were not found in NEUT (P = 0.072), BASO (P = 0.106), LYMPH (P = 0.440), IgA (P = 0.382), IgG (P = 0.245) and IgM (P = 0.081) levels.

It seems that OBSEE can reduce the risk of hypertension caused by elevated EO and MONO in hypertensive patients.
It seems that OBSEE can reduce the risk of hypertension caused by elevated EO and MONO in hypertensive patients.Biologic factors that predict risk for and mediate the development of common outcomes of trauma exposure such as chronic posttraumatic pain (CPTP) are poorly understood. In the current study, we examined whether peritraumatic circulating 17β-estradiol (E2) levels influence CPTP trajectories. 17β-estradiol levels were measured in plasma samples (n = 254) collected in the immediate aftermath of trauma exposure from 3 multiethnic longitudinal cohorts of men and women trauma survivors. Chronic posttraumatic pain severity was evaluated 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after traumatic stress exposure. Repeated measures mixed models were used to test the relationship between peritraumatic E2 levels and prospective CPTP. Secondary analyses in a nested cohort assessed the influence of participant body mass index on the E2-CPTP relationship. In women, a statistically significant inverse relationship between peritraumatic E2 and CPTP was observed (β = -0.280, P = 0.043) such that higher E2 levels predicted lower CPTP severity over time. Secondary analyses identified an E2 * body mass index interaction in men from the motor vehicle collision cohort such that obese men with higher E2 levels were at greater risk of developing CPTP. In nonobese men from the motor vehicle collision cohort and in men from the major thermal burn injury cohort, no statistically significant relationship was identified. In conclusion, peritraumatic circulating E2 levels predict CPTP vulnerability in women trauma survivors. In addition, these data suggest that peritraumatic administration of E2 might improve CPTP outcomes for women; further research is needed to test this possibility.
Older adults with late-onset hearing loss are at risk for cognitive decline. Our study addresses the question of whether cochlear implantation (CI) can counteract this potential influence. We investigated whether cognitive performance in older adults with severe and profound hearing loss improves 12 months after CI to a level comparable to controls with normal hearing, matched for age, sex, and education level.

This cohort study was performed at two tertiary referral centers. The study included 29 patients, of age between 60 and 80 years, with adult-onset, severe to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and indication for CI (study group), as well as 29 volunteers with age-adjusted hearing abilities, according to the norm curves of ISO-702 92000-01, (control group). Before CI and 12 months after CI, participants completed a neurocognitive test battery including tests of global cognition, verbal and figural episodic memory, and executive functions (attentional control, inhibition, and cognitive fleh adult-onset hearing loss, compared to normal-hearing peers, could only improve some cognitive skills.
It is generally understood that Jewish law requires every effort to be made to extend the life of a terminally ill patient using routine treatments, whether he is conscious or not, and whether he wants his life prolonged or is opposed to it. The "Law for Patients Wishing to Die" proposes this approach with slight variations. This article discusses the patient who wishes to die from a Jewish viewpoint, illustrating that this is not the only Jewish approach. The role of the doctor is to cure and not to extend a life of suffering in any case. If the doctor cannot cure him, he should respect the wishes of the patient who does not wish to continue to suffer, by stopping life-prolonging treatment and providing only pain-reducing treatment. This law is correct not only in cases where the patient is aware of his situation but also in cases where the patient is comatose and has no realistic chance of returning to life. Ideas from the Talmud, from the Shulchan Aruch, and from the rulings of many poskim (rabbis) confialso in cases where the patient is comatose and has no realistic chance of returning to life. Ideas from the Talmud, from the Shulchan Aruch, and from the rulings of many poskim (rabbis) confirm that Judaism places great emphasis on personal autonomy and on limiting medical intervention to situations of need. The authors of the article call for the law to be changed in this respect.
Longer life expectancy exposes the older person to vulnerability, morbidity and disability and increases the risk of developing dementia. The number of elderly patients with dementia reaching the advanced stage is increasing in entire settings. This condition of poor quality of life existing over months and years, when the time of death cannot be predicted, raises dilemmas in medical and ethical decisions. Dementia is an incurable disease at the last stage of life, highlighting a therapeutic approach in the provision of palliative care with emphasis on the quality of life as a primary goal. In older age, any advanced chronic disease is incurable and palliative care includes life-long therapies with hospice-type supportive care. Advanced dementia stresses an aggravated approach, and the recommendation is to provide only hospice type palliative care. The purpose of this survey is to review the existing evidence in base evidence literature containing prognostic parameters indicating mortality at six months incctional, nutrition and morbidity factors, and focusing on pressure ulcers. Thus, the goal is to allow the attending team and the families to make appropriate evidence based medical-ethical decisions. A systematic review of the medical literature found seven articles with indices predicting mortality within six months in patients with advanced dementia (5 studies originated in the USA, 2 from Israel). The most common predictor variable in 100% of studies is eating and swallowing problems associated with the consequences of malnutrition and indigestion, weight loss and loss of appetite. The variable in 80% of the studies is background diseases including cancer, heart failure, second-degree pressure ulcers, and lack of control of the sphincters. In 75% of cases, functional decline in personal care, level of consciousness and alertness are identified as variables, and in 60% of cases, mobility impairment unstable medical conditions and demographic conditions are diagnosed.
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