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No significant difference was found between trace metal concentrations measured with an open pore and restricted pore devices, implying the predominance of kinetically labile metal complexes smaller than 1 nm. For Cu, ASV-labile and DGT labile concentrations were highly correlated (0.97) with ASV-labile concentration being around 35% lower than that of the DGT-labile. Modelling of chemical speciation reliably predicted dynamic (free, inorganic and part of organic complexes) concentration of Cd, whereas dynamic concentrations of Cu and Pb were underestimated by 32% and 65%, respectively. In view of the relative simplicity of DGT devices, they are well suited for the monitoring effort of coastal waters, informing on potentially bioavailable concentrations of TM and thereby, helping to achieve good environmental status of coastal waters, as stipulated within the EU Water Framework Directive. The concentration and composition of suspended particulate matter provide important information for evaluating water quality and understanding the variability in the underwater light field in lakes. In this study, inherent optical property (IOP)-centered algorithms were developed to estimate the concentrations of chlorophyll-a (Chla, [mg/m3]) and suspended particulate matter (SPM, [g/m3]) and the Chla/SPM ratio (an indicator of the suspended particulate composition) of 118 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze and Huai Rivers (MLYHR) of China using Sentinel-3A/OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) data collected from August 2016 to July 2018. The mean Chla concentration and Chla/SPM ratio were high in summer and low in winter, while the mean SPM peaked in winter and decreased in summer. The 94 lakes in the Yangtze River basin had a higher mean Chla concentration (30.94 ± 14.84) and Chla/SPM ratio (0.97 × 10-3 ± 0.60 × 10-3), but a lower mean SPM (44.87 ± 12.61) than the 24 lakes in the Huai River basin (Chla 27.35 ± 12.18, Chla/SPM 0.79 × 10-3 ± 0.48 × 10-3, SPM 47.31 ± 13.40). Regarding the mean values of each lake, Chla and Chla/SPM ratio correlated well with temperature, whereas the wind speed and precipitation had little effect on the variations of suspended particulate matter. Moreover, shipping transportation and sand dredging activities affected the spatial distribution of Chla, SPM, and Chla/SPM in several large lakes (e.g., Lake Poyang and Lake Dongting). Chla/SPM related well with other proxies that express the suspended particulate composition, and had a significant correlation with the Chla-specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton at 443 nm (aph⁎(443)). The remotely sensed concentration and composition of suspended particulate matter can provide a comprehensive reference for water quality monitoring and expand our knowledge of the trophic status of the lakes. V.Urinary Stone Disease (USD) or urolithiasis has plagued humans for centuries, and its prevalence has increased over the past few decades. Although USD pathology could vary significantly among individuals, previous qualitative assessments using limited survey data demonstrated that the prevalence of USD might exhibit a distinctive geographical distribution (the so-called "stone belt"), without any knowledge about the characteristics and contribution factors of the belt. Here, we argue that the spatial distribution of USD can at least partly be explained by geogenic and climatic factors, as it correlates with the ambient geo-environmental conditions modulated by lithology/mineralogy, water quality and climate. Using a Bayesian risk model, we assessed the global risk of USD based on updated big data of four key geogenic factors phosphorite mines (inventory >1600 points), carbonate rocks (at the scale of 140 million), Ca2+/Mg2+ molar ratio of river water (1.27 million samples distributed over 17,000 sampling locations), and mean air temperature (0.5o × 0.5° resolution) representing the climate. We quantitatively identified possible contributions of the factors to USD and delineated the regions with the high USD risk which stretched from southern North America, via the Mediterranean region, northeastern Africa, southern China to Australia, and roughly coincide with the world's major areas of carbonate outcropping. Under current climate conditions, the areas with the probabilities for the USD prevalence of ≥50% and ≥30% covered 3.7% and 20% of the Earth's land surface, respectively. By the end of the 21st century, such total areas could rise to 4.4% and 25% as a result of global warming. Since the USD data used in this study were quite heterogeneous, the prediction results needed further calibration with additional high-quality prevalence data in the future. V.Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in swine wastewater have an irreversible impact on the surrounding water and soil ecosystems. Herein, integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCWs) were constructed to assess the effects of zeolite and plants on the removal of sulfonamides (SMs), tetracyclines (TCs), and related ARGs (tetW, tetO, tetM, sul I, sul II, and sul III) from digested swine wastewater. The microorganism community structure was also investigated. Results showed that IVCWs with a zeolite substrate and plant system (ZP) exhibited a favorable removal performance for N, antibiotics, and ARGs at 97.9%, 95.0%, and 95.1%, respectively. Moreover, zeolite systems showed higher adsorption of SMs, lower adsorption of TCs. The higher removal rate of antibiotics in ZP systems might be due to the enhanced microbial degradation with the enrichment of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Bacillus in zeolite. Furthermore, Arundo donax had limited impact on antibiotics removal and was not conducive to the removal of ARGs. click here The absolute abundances of sul(I), sul(II), sul(III), tet(M), and tet(O) were significantly positively correlated with the absolute abundance of 16S rDNA. However, no significant correlation was found between the concentration of antibiotics and the abundance of related ARGs in the effluent. The contribution of plankton in the performance of three constructed wetlands (CWs) within the Albufera de València Natural Park has been analyzed, taxonomic group by group, over a two-year operation period in the different sectors of each CW horizontal subsurface-flow -A-, free-water surface flow -B- and lagoons -C-. Tancat de la Pipa CW (TPCW) only contains B-C sectors, while the others have all three types. Treatment efficiency of each sector type on the taxonomic groups was evaluated by calculating frequency of phytoplankton reduction (or zooplankton production), mass removal (or production) efficiencies and rates, and accumulated removed phytoplankton mass (or produced zooplankton mass). The phytoplankton biomass entering Tancat de Mília CW (TMCW) was significantly higher (47 ± 22 mm3·L-1) than in the other CWs (10 ± 11, 6 ± 5 mm3·L-1), but the outlets did not show significant differences. 7574 and 180 kg DW were eliminated during the two-year period in TMCW and Tancat de L'Illa CW (TLICW), from which 72% and 91% were removed cyanobacteria.
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