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Retrospective cohort analysis of health professional prescribed habits regarding cancer malignancy medications in times associated with drug stockouts inside Botswana.
Lithium-induced nephropathy is a known long-term complication, sometimes limiting the use of lithium as mood stabilizer. The aim of this study is to establish the incidence of chronic kidney disease and the rate of decline of renal function in patients using lithium and to identify risk factors.

We selected 1012 patients treated with lithium from the laboratory database of the Antes Centre for Mental Health Care spanning a period from 2000 to 2015. Serum lithium and creatinine concentrations were retrieved and eGFR was calculated using the 4-variable CKD-EPI formula. We calculated the incidence of renal insufficiency and the rate of decline. We compared patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 regarding duration of lithium exposure.

Incidence of chronic kidney disease was 0.012 cases per exposed patient-year. Average decline of eGFR was 1.8ml/min/year in patients who developed chronic kidney disease stage 3. Incidence of chronic kidney disease stage 4 was only 0.0004 per patient year. No cases of end stage renal disease were found in this cohort. Odds of reaching chronic kidney disease stage 3 were increased with longer duration of lithium exposure.

The use of lithium seems to be related to a higher incidence of chronic kidney disease. Longer duration of lithium exposure significantly increased the risk of renal failure.
The use of lithium seems to be related to a higher incidence of chronic kidney disease. Longer duration of lithium exposure significantly increased the risk of renal failure.In contrast to the expectations of an increase in annual fire activity and the severity of fire season due to climate change and large fires, which have been occurring in recent years, a downtrend has been identified in fire activity in many studies conducted for the whole of Europe in recent years. Similarly, in Turkey, according to the General Directorate of Forestry statistics, while there is an increase in the number of annual fires, the burnt area has a downtrend pattern. In this study, fire activity and climate data statistics for Turkey were examined along with the fire season length and severity. The results obtained conform with the studies conducted in places from Spain at the westernmost part of Mediterranean Europe to Israel at the easternmost part of the Mediterranean. Considering the changes in temperatures, temperature rise of 2 to 3 °C was detected at all stations in the study area. No decrease was observed in the average temperatures at any of the stations within the study period between 1940ins the reason of the decrease in the burnt area that occurred over the years in Turkey. No significant change was observed in the FFMC values indicating the possibility of human-induced fires between 1970 and 2018.Current worldwide challenges are to increase the food production and decrease the environmental contamination by industrial emissions. For this, bacteria can produce plant growth promoter phytohormones and mediate the bioremediation of sewage by heavy metals removal. We developed a Rational Design of Immobilized Derivatives (RDID) strategy, applicable for protein, spore and cell immobilization and implemented in the RDID1.0 software. In this work, we propose new algorithms to optimize the theoretical maximal quantity of cells to immobilize (tMQCell) on solid supports, implemented in the RDIDCell software. The main modifications to the preexisting algorithms are related to the sphere packing theory and exclusive immobilization on the support surface. We experimentally validated the new tMQCell parameter by electrostatic immobilization of ten microbial strains on AMBERJET® 4200 Cl- porous solid support. All predicted tMQCell match the practical maximal quantity of cells to immobilize with a 10% confidence. The values predicted by the RDIDCell software are more accurate than the values predicted by the RDID1.0 software. 3-indolacetic acid (IAA) production by one bacterial immobilized derivative was higher (~ 2.6 μg IAA-like indoles/108 cells) than that of the cell suspension (1.5 μg IAA-like indoles/108 cells), and higher than the tryptophan amount added as indole precursor. Another bacterial immobilized derivative was more active (22 μg Cr(III)/108 cells) than the resuspended cells (14.5 μg Cr(III)/108 cells) in bioconversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). 2-MeOE2 Optimized RDID strategy can be used to synthesize bacterial immobilized derivatives with useful biotechnological applications.Information about Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with severe COVID-19 is scarce. We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors affecting the prognosis of PD patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Clinical data of severe COVID-19 patients admitted at the Union Hospital, Wuhan between 28th January and 29th February 2020 were collected and analyzed. 10 patients (1.96%) had a medical history of PD with a mean (SD) age of 72.10 (± 11.46) years. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe COVID-19 with and without PD patients were then compared. There was no significant difference in overall mortality between the PD and non-PD patients with severe COVID-19 (p > 0.05). In PD patients with severe COVID-19, the proportion of patients with critical type, disturbance of consciousness, incidence of complications, white blood cells count and neutrophils counts on admission seem higher in the non-survivors. PD patients with older age, longer PD duration, and late stage PD may be highly susceptible to critical COVID-19 infection and bad outcome. The PD patients with consciousness disorders and complications that progressed rapidly are at increased risk of death.Advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) is often complicated by the occurrence of dyskinesia, motor fluctuations and psychosis. To this day, few treatment options are available for each of these phenomena, and they are at times not effective or elicit adverse events, leaving some patients short of therapeutic options. We have recently shown that positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic 2 (mGlu2) receptors with the prototypical positive allosteric modulator (PAM) LY-487,379 is efficacious at alleviating both dyskinesia and psychosis-like behaviours (PLBs), while simultaneously enhancing the anti-parkinsonian action of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned marmoset. Here, we assessed the effects of CBiPES, a mGlu2 PAM derived from LY-487,379, but with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Six MPTP-lesioned marmosets with reproducible dyskinesia and PLBs were administered L-DOPA in combination with vehicle or CBiPES (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg), after which their behaviour was rated.
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