Notes

Copper-doping defect-lowered perovskite nanosheets for deep-blue light-emitting diodes.
In addition, the sphere-forming capacity and migration ability of resistant PC-3 cells were increased.

The results of the current study indicate that paclitaxel exposure may increase the stem cell-like properties of PC-3 prostate cancer cells.
The results of the current study indicate that paclitaxel exposure may increase the stem cell-like properties of PC-3 prostate cancer cells.Tracking animal behavior by video is one of the most common tasks in neuroscience. Previously, we have validated ezTrack, a free, flexible, and easy-to-use software for the analysis of animal behavior. ezTrack's Location Tracking Module can be used for the positional analysis of an individual animal and is applicable to a wide range of behavioral tasks. Separately, ezTrack's Freeze Analysis Module is designed for the analysis of defensive freezing behavior. ezTrack supports a range of desirable tools, including options for cropping and masking portions of the field of view, defining regions of interest, producing summary data for specified portions of time, algorithms to remove the influence of electrophysiology cables and other tethers, batch processing of multiple videos, and video down-sampling. L-NMMA Moreover, ezTrack produces a range of interactive plots and visualizations to promote users' confidence in their results. In this protocols paper, we provide step-by-step instructions for the use of ezTrack, from tips for recording behavior to instructions for using the software for video analysis. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1 Software environment installation Basic Protocol 2 Using the Location Tracking Module Basic Protocol 3 Using the Freeze Analysis Module.Imaging flow cytometry is an automated method that enables cells and fluorescent signals to be visualized and quantified. Here, we describe a new imaging flow cytometry method whereby fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is integrated with cell phenotyping. The method, called "immuno-flowFISH," provides an exciting new dimension for the analysis of genomic changes in cytological samples (e.g., blood, bone marrow). Cells are analyzed in suspension without any requirement for prior cell isolation or separation. Multiple antibodies and FISH probes, each with a unique fluorophore, can be added and many thousands of cells analyzed. Specific cell populations are identified by their antigenic profile and then analyzed for the presence of chromosomal defects. Immuno-flowFISH was applied to the assessment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a mature B-cell neoplasm where chromosomal abnormalities predict prognosis and treatment requirements. This integrated immunophenotyping and multi-probe FISH strategy could detect both structural and numerical chromosomal changes involving chromosomes 12 and 17 in CLL cells. Given that many thousands of cells were analyzed and the leukemic cells were positively identified by their immunophenotype, this multi-probe method adds precision to the cytogenomic analysis of CLL. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This protocol was designed to identify microRNA (miRNA) targetomes from smaller-input samples by performing a simplified workflow of the Cross-Linking and Sequencing of Hybrids (CLASH) technique developed in the Tollervey group. In this ribonomics-based technique, Cross-Linking and Immunoprecipitation (CLIP) of Argonaute (Ago) is combined with an RNA ligase reaction that yields covalently bound "hybrids" between miRNAs and their target RNAs. While this iteration of CLIP identifies "high-confidence" or "unambiguous" miRNA targets, the added ligation step is highly inefficient and therefore requires large numbers of cultured cells. To make this powerful approach applicable to smaller cell numbers, we created qCLASH, incorporating a workflow that performs all enzymatic reactions on bead-bound complexes and omits gel purification of immunoprecipitated Ago complexes associated with major loss of RNA. At a sequencing depth of 100 million reads per library, which is highly feasible with rapidly decreasing sequencing costs, qCLASH, when used with three biological replicates, results in thousands of high-confidence miRNA targets. qCLASH was first developed to identify viral miRNA targetomes of endothelial cells infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Since then, qCLASH has been applied to Epstein-Barr virus- and MHV68-infected cells, and more recently to metastatic melanoma and breast cancer cells. Currently, protocols are under development to apply qCLASH to human solid tumor specimens. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol Quick Cross-Linking and Sequencing of Hybrids (qCLASH) Support Protocol Optimization of Ago immunoprecipitation.
Early continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and surfactant replacement are effective treatments for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). CPAP is the first line in preterm infants needing respiratory support, with surfactant replacement in case of CPAP failure (CPAP-F).

To analyze incidence and factors associated with CPAP-F in preterm infants with RDS.

Single-centerretrospective database analysis (2004-2017) of inborn infants, gestational age (GA) 24 + 0/7-31 + 6/7 weeks, not intubated on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, managed with CPAP. CPAP-F was defined as intubation and surfactant administration in the first 72 h of life; CPAP success (CPAP-S) was CPAP alone without need for additional RDS treatments. Demographic, respiratory, and clinical data associated with CPAP-F were studied using logistic regression analysis.

A total of 562 infants met the inclusion criteria 252 (44.8%) were CPAP-F and 310 (55.2%) were CPAP-S. The CPAP-F, compared to CPAP-S group, had lower GA and birth weight, and were less likely to receive antenatal steroids or to be vaginal births. Logistic regression showed that the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO
) ≥ 0.23 between 180 and 240 min of life (FiO
180-240 min) was the strongest factor associated with CPAP-F (odds ratio 16.01 [95% confidence interval 10.34-24.81]).

FiO
180-240 min was highly predictive of CPAP-F in preterm infants. With this model for surfactant administration/CPAP-F, 11.2% of infants would have unnecessarily received treatment, but importantly, 27.7% would have been treated much earlier, with a potential reduction in air leaks and duration of mechanical ventilation.
FiO2 180-240 min was highly predictive of CPAP-F in preterm infants. With this model for surfactant administration/CPAP-F, 11.2% of infants would have unnecessarily received treatment, but importantly, 27.7% would have been treated much earlier, with a potential reduction in air leaks and duration of mechanical ventilation.Variability of secondary metabolites in edible (peel and pulp) and inedible (seeds) parts of three pitanga varieties, red, red-orange and purple, was investigated during the maturation process. Hydrolysable tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids were quantified by HPLC/DAD and carotenoids by absorbance. Peel/pulp showed greater complexity of constituents (carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and hydrolysable tannins), while only tannins were identified in seeds, but in quantities of ten to one hundred times greater. The red-orange variety showed the highest levels of phenolic compounds in seeds and peel/pulp, except anthocyanins. The analysis of the principal response curves showed that the pitanga biotype has greater influence on metabolite variation than ripening stages. During peel/pulp maturation, a reduction in the levels of flavonoids and tannins contrasted with an increase in carotenoids and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in all varieties, whereas in the seeds oenothein B, the major tannin, increased up to 1.32 g/100g fresh weight. Such marked differences between fruit parts demonstrate that the seeds in stages E3 and E4 are a source of hydrolysable tannins, compounds known for their antitumor activity, while peel/pulp of all varieties in the ripe stage provide natural antioxidants, such as carotenoids and flavonoids. Lastly, the purple biotype can be a rich source of the cyanidin-3-O-glucoside pigment a potent bioactive compound.Eighteen hybrid compounds between 8-bromo-2-fluoro-isocryptolepine (4) and 1,2,3-triazole were synthesized via azide rearrangement-annulation reaction. Compound 4 underwent regioselective N-propargylation and click reaction to form 8-bromo-2-fluoro-isocryptolepine-triazole hybrids 11 which were evaluated for cytotoxic activity. Compound 11 c containing 1-anisyltriazole was the most effective in inhibiting HepG2, HuCCA-1 and A549 cell lines (IC50 values of 1.65-3.07 μM) while compounds 11 a (1-phenyltriazole), 11 j (1-para-CF3 -benzyltriazole) and 11 l (1-meta-Cl-benzyltriazole) were potent inhibitors of HuCCA-1, HepG2 and A549 cell lines, respectively. Moreover, 11 l showed the lowest cytotoxicity to normal human kidney cell line. Compounds 11 c and 11 l provided improvement of cytotoxic activity over 4. Compounds 4, 11 c and 11 l were selected to investigate their mechanisms of action. The results showed that 4 could induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and was involved in the upregulation of p53 and p21 proteins. However, the mechanisms of growth inhibition by 11 c and 11 l were associated with G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and mediated by induction of oxidative stress.A catalytic electrode with extraordinary performances for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) should achieve a low onset potential of the bulk electrode, as well as its uniform distribution. Herein, a total internal reflection imaging (TIRi) method to characterize the onset potential distribution of the catalytic electrode surface is presented. When the potential scans toward negative in a linear sweep voltammetry, the equivalent refractive index of the electrolyte on the electrode surface will decrease due to H2 microbubbles generation, leading to the increase in optical intensity. Analysis of the relationship between the optical intensity and potential in each region results in the onset potential distribution. The TIRi method reveals poor uniformity and repeatability in the catalytic electrodes which are fabricated by depositing Pt/C catalysts on a porous carbon support with polymer binders (e.g., Nafion). Further electrochemical stability test also shows poor durability, whose HER onset potential deteriorates from the edge to the middle of these catalytic electrodes. The present TIRi method realizes direct visualization of the activity distribution on the bulk electrode surface, which provides a powerful tool for better fabrication and evaluation of large-area HER electrodes in industrial energy devices.
How adiposity influences the effect of genetic variants on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Asian population remains unclear. We aimed to study the association between genetic risk variants and susceptibility/severity of NAFLD in the lean, overweight and obese individuals.

Nine hundred and four community subjects underwent proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transient elastography examination. Lean (<23kg/m
), overweight (23-24.9kg/m
) and obesity (≥25kg/m
) were defined according to the body mass index cut-offs for Asians. NAFLD was defined as intrahepatic triglycerides ≥5%. PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7 and 9 other gene polymorphisms were analysed by rhAMP
SNP assays.

Five hundred and twenty-nine (58.5%), 162 (17.9%) and 213 (23.6%) subjects were lean, overweight and obese, respectively. The prevalence of NAFLD was 12.4%, 41.4% and 59.1% in the three groups (P<.001). Amongst those with NAFLD, lean subjects (30.3%) were more likely to carry the PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype than overweight (17.
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