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Impulsivity and also snooze and also circadian tempo interference anticipate next-day mood symptoms in a sample with dangerous for or even with recent-onset the illness range condition: The ecological momentary assessment examine.
05). Mean suture width (MSW) in group B was significantly lesser than the control group (P=0.027) while there was no significant difference between MSWnin groups A and B (P=0.116) and groups A and C (P=0.317). Conclusion It may be concluded that multiple low-power laser irradiation improves bone regeneration after RPE while single irradiation does not have a positive effect.Background Although the application of ultraviolet B (UVB) in phototherapy of human skin is a common therapeutic method, it is known as a risk factor for skin cancer. This study aims to assess the role of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to find the critical one that is mainly responsible for skin protection against UVB radiation. Methods The gene expression profiles of irradiated mice by UVB that issued skin protection against exposure are extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed by GEO2R. The significant DEGs are assessed via gene ontology (GO) analysis and the critical individuals are investigated via action mapping. Results Thirty-eight significant DEGs that provide skin resistance against UVB irradiation were determined. Among the query DEGs, 26 individuals were related to 43 biological terms. Flt4, F3, Tspan6, Cblb, and Itgb6 were highlighted as the critical DEGs to promote skin protection against UVB irradiation. Conclusion The finding indicates that Flt4 is the key DEG that is mainly responsible for protecting skin from UVB exposure.Introduction Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is an important health challenge worldwide. Due to the cytokine storm, the mortality rate in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is high, but until now no therapy for these patients was approved. The aim of this review was to discuss the possible anti-inflammatory effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on ARSD patients and present the potential role of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the improvement of respiratory symptoms associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods Studies about PBMT in inflammation and ARSD patients were examined. A primary search with reviewing English-language citations between 2005 and 2020 using the keywords COVID-19, ADRS, cytokine storm, low-level laser therapy, anti-inflammatory, and photobiomodulation was performed. The initial search yielded 818 articles; however, 60 articles were selected and discussed in the present study. Results The results of the selected studies showed the usefulness of PBMT in the treatment of inflammation and ARSD in patients with COVID-19 infection. This therapy is non-invasive and safe to modulate the immune responses in ARSD patients. Conclusion PBMT can potentially reduce the viral load and bacterial super-infections in patients with COVID-19 infection and control the inflammatory response. Therefore, the use of PBMT could be an efficient strategy for preventing severe and critical illness in SARS-COV2 infection.Introduction Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by the decline of cognitive functions such as learning and memory. Scientific society has proposed some non-pharmacological interventions, among which photobiomodulation has gained prominence for its beneficial effects. Therefore, we investigated, through systematic review, the therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation in AD. Methods This systematic review was registered under the number CRD42019128416 in the International Prospective Record of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A systematic search was conducted on the bibliographic databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect) with the keywords based on MeSH terms "photobiomodulation therapy" or "low-level laser therapy" or "LLLT" or "light emitting diode" and "amyloid" or "Alzheimer". The data search was conducted from 2008 to 2019. We follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The search strategy included experimental in vivo and in vitro studies in the English language and photobiomodulation as a non-pharmacological intervention. We included 10 studies, being 5 in vivo studies, 4 in vitro studies and 1 study using in vivo and in vitro. To evaluate the quality of the studies, we used the Rob tool of the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRLE). Results The studies showed that photobiomodulation is able to reduce inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptotic effects generated by amyloid beta (Aβ) and restore mitochondrial function and cognitive behavior. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that photobiomodulation may be a useful tool for treating AD.Introduction Currently, a laser is a popular technology in urological surgeries. The important laserrelated issue is the time when a surgeon reaches an acceptable level of safety and efficacy using laser technology. Methods In this review, we aimed to assess the learning curves of three types of surgeries in urology, including photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP), holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and retrograde intra-renal surgeries (RIRSs). Here, we searched Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Scopus for such keywords as Urology, laser, laser vaporization, prostate, nephrolithiasis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and learning curve. Results We evaluated 14 studies about PVP, 17 about RIRS, and 29 studies about HoLEP. Also, we separately discussed the learning curves of these three kinds of surgeries in detail. Conclusion All the urologists, even expert surgeons, should attend a formal training course and have a skilled tutor present at their first cases.Introduction This study aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature followed by a meta-analysis about the efficacy of sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (SACT) in bacterial infections. Methods According to the PICOS (population, intervention, comparison and outcome) recommendations and PRISMA guidelines, an electronic search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, and Cochrane Library based on the MeSH terms. All analyses were conducted using Biostat's Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0. The inter-study heterogeneity and publication bias assessments were carried out on the studies using I2 and the Egger's regression test. Results Initially, 126 articles were identified in the electronic search, and 14 studies remained after analysis and exclusion of the duplicated studies and eligibility criteria. All results from the included studies displayed a significant reduction of microorganisms. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in the bacterial load in all analyses (0.944% [95% CI, 0.901-0.969%; P=0.000]). Also, there was a low risk of bias for microbial load reduction without the evidence of publication bias. Conclusion The results highlight that there is scientific evidence emphasizing the effectiveness of SACT in reducing the count of microorganisms in bacterial infections.Substance use disorder (SUD) is a prevalent health issue with serious social and personal consequences. SUDs are linked to numerous physical health problems. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th Edition (DSM-V), the essential characteristic of a SUD is a collection of cognitive, behavioral, and psychological manifestations indicative of the subject's unbaiting substance use despite experiencing significant problems due to continued use. Several alternative interventions have been indicated. Among them, mindfulness-based therapies are receiving growing attention. This article reviews evidence for the use of third-wave cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) in addiction treatment. We have reviewed the literature published from 1990 to 2019. Further research is required to better understand the types of mindfulness-based interventions that work best for specific types of addiction, patients, and situations. Current findings increasingly support third-wave CBTs as a promising complementary therapy for the treatment and prevention of addiction.
Impulsivity and sensitivity to reward situate at the marrow of pathology of substance use disorders (SUDs). This study examined the role of impulsivity and sensitivity to reward in dropout of addiction treatment in heroin addicts.

The participants of this study were 216 heroin addicts. find more The participants were assigned to three different groups including abstinent group (n = 104), relapsed group (n = 45), and dropped out of treatment group (n = 67). The participants completed the semi-structured interview, Carver and White Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) questionnaires, and the Delay Discounting Task (DDT).

The delay discounting (DD) and reward-seeking rates were high in relapse and dropout groups compared to the abstinence group and this difference was significant in P < 0.01 level.

People with substance abuse disorders have impulsive behaviors and often prefer immediate reward related to substance use than long-term and greater rewards.
People with substance abuse disorders have impulsive behaviors and often prefer immediate reward related to substance use than long-term and greater rewards.
There is an increasing concern over acute exposure of amphetamine and its derivative such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on male reproductive toxicity. Supplementary vitamins can reduce the oxidative stresses and repair the damages on reproductive organs. This experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effects of folic acid (FA) on reproductive indices, the antioxidant enzyme activities, and histological changes of testis on adult male rats treated by MDMA.

This experimental study was conducted on adult male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups control, MDMA, FA, and MDMA + FA. Animals received a dose of 10 mg/kg of MDMA and 1 mg/kg of FA for 7 or 14 days. Rats were anesthetized and sperm quality parameters (number, concentration, motility, and morphology), spermatogenesis indices [the mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD), spermiogenesis index (SI), repopulation index (RI), and tubular differentiation index (TDI)], changes on testicular structure, antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) beside serum level of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone were measured. Data were analyzed, using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and SPSS software.

MDMA (both 7 and 14 days) caused significant changes in sperm quality (P < 0.001), spermatogenesis indices (P < 0.001), testicular histopathology, and level of LH, FSH, testosterone beside the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and MDA) (P < 0.001). Supplementation of FA in association with MDMA partially reversed these parameters and made them close to the control group.

The results suggested that FA could reduce the adverse effect of MDMA on reproductive ability in adult male rats.
The results suggested that FA could reduce the adverse effect of MDMA on reproductive ability in adult male rats.
The purpose of this research was to compare Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), high early smoking, and heavy smoking with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and further to evaluate the sensitivity of HSI, high early smoking, and heavy smoking among existing smokers.

A cross sectional study was conducted by using FTND questionnaire among 200 existing smokers. The cut-off point for HSI was kept at 4; high early smokers and heavy smokers were classified as those individuals who smoked within 30 minutes after waking up and individuals who smoked 30 cigarettes or more daily, respectively. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Cohen's Kappa statistics were evaluated.

A significant agreement was observed between the HSI and the FTND, having Kappa value of 0.70, with good sensitivity of 78.16% and specificity as high as 91.15%. The ROC analysis confirmed that a cut-off score of 4 for HSI was suitable. Agreement between FTND and high early smoking was observed to be moderate (Kappa = 0.
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