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Let-7a-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-101-3p, along with miR-199a-3p Hyperexpression while Prospective Predictive Biomarkers noisy . Breast cancers Patients.
The unweighted bubble centroids have h(D) that collapses for the different ages of the foam with random Poissonian fluctuations at long distances. The area-weighted bubble centroids and area-weighted Voronoi points all have constant h(D)=h_e for large D; the bubble centroids have the smallest value h_e=0.084sqrt[〈a〉], meaning they are the most uniform. Area-weighted Voronoi centroids exhibit collapse of h(D) to the same constant h_e=0.084sqrt[〈a〉] as for the bubble centroids. A similar analysis is performed on the edges of the cells and the spectra of h(D) for the foam edges show h(D)∼D^1-ε where ε=0.30±0.15.We consider coupled network dynamics under uncorrelated noises, but only a subset of the network and their node dynamics can be observed. The effects of hidden nodes on the dynamics of the observed nodes can be viewed as having an extra effective noise acting on the observed nodes. These effective noises possess spatial and temporal correlations whose properties are related to the hidden connections. The spatial and temporal correlations of these effective noises are analyzed analytically and the results are verified by simulations on undirected and directed weighted random networks and small-world networks. Furthermore, by exploiting the network reconstruction relation for the observed network noisy dynamics, we propose a scheme to infer information of the effects of the hidden nodes such as the total number of hidden nodes and the weighted total hidden connections on each observed node. The accuracy of these results are demonstrated by explicit simulations.Hydrodynamic stagnation converts flow energy into internal energy. Here we develop a technique to directly analyze this hydrodynamic-dissipation process, which also yields a lengthscale associated with the conversion of flow energy to internal energy. We demonstrate the usefulness of this analysis for finding and comparing the hydrodynamic-stagnation dynamics of implosions theoretically, and in a test application to Z-pinch implosion data.The dynamics of a driven, damped pendulum as used in mechanical clocks is numerically investigated. Panobinostat manufacturer In addition to the analysis of well-known mechanisms such as chronometer escapement, the unusual properties of Harrison's grasshopper escapement are explored, giving some insights regarding the dynamics of this system. Both the steady-state operation and transient effects are discussed, indicating the optimal condition for stable long-term clock accuracy. The possibility of chaotic motion is investigated.We mimic random nanowire networks by the homogeneous, isotropic, and random deposition of conductive zero-width sticks onto an insulating substrate. The number density (the number of objects per unit area of the surface) of these sticks is supposed to exceed the percolation threshold, i.e., the system under consideration is a conductor. To identify any current-carrying part (the backbone) of the percolation cluster, we have proposed and implemented a modification of the well-known wall follower algorithm-one type of maze solving algorithm. The advantage of the modified algorithm is its identification of the whole backbone without visiting all the edges. The complexity of the algorithm depends significantly on the structure of the graph and varies from O(sqrt[N_V]) to Θ(N_V). The algorithm has been applied to backbone identification in networks with different number densities of conducting sticks. We have found that (i) for number densities of sticks above the percolation threshold, the strength of the percolation cluster quickly approaches unity as the number density of the sticks increases; (ii) simultaneously, the percolation cluster becomes identical to its backbone plus simplest dead ends, i.e., edges that are incident to vertices of degree 1. This behavior is consistent with the presented analytical evaluations.An accurate understanding of ion-beam transport in plasmas is crucial for applications in inertial fusion energy and high-energy-density physics. We present an experimental measurement on the energy spectrum of a proton beam at 270 keV propagating through a gas-discharge hydrogen plasma. We observe the energies of the beam protons changing as a function of the plasma density and spectrum broadening due to a collective beam-plasma interaction. Supported by linear theory and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we attribute this energy modulation to a two-stream instability excitation and further saturation by beam ion trapping in the wave. The widths of the energy spectrum from both experiment and simulation agree with the theory.We investigate the possibility of extending the notion of temperature in a stochastic model for the RNA or protein folding driven out of equilibrium. We simulate the dynamics of a small RNA hairpin subject to an external pulling force, which is time-dependent. First, we consider a fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR) whereby we verify that various effective temperatures can be obtained for different observables, only when the slowest intrinsic relaxation timescale of the system regulates the dynamics of the system. Then, we introduce a different nonequilibrium temperature, which is defined from the rate of heat exchanged with a weakly interacting thermal bath. Notably, this "kinetic" temperature can be defined for any frequency of the external switching force. We also discuss and compare the behavior of these two emerging parameters, by discriminating the time-delayed nature of the FDR temperature from the instantaneous character of the kinetic temperature. The validity of our numerics are corroborated by a simple four-state Markov model which describes the long-time behavior of the RNA molecule.Dynamics of dislocations and defects are investigated in 2D dusty plasma experiments with two counterpropagating flows. It is experimentally demonstrated that the Orowan equation is able to accurately determine the plastic strain rate from the motion of dislocations, well agreeing with the shear rate defined from the drift velocity gradient. For a higher shear rate, the studied system is in the liquidlike flow state, as a result, the determined shear rate from the Orowan equation deviates from its definition. The obtained probability distribution function of dislocations from the experiments clearly shows that the dislocation motion can be divided into the local and gliding ones. All findings above are further verified by the corresponding Langevin dynamical simulations with various levels of shear rates. The dislocation and defect analysis results from these simulations clearly indicate that the defect and dislocation dynamics in the sheared dusty plasmas clearly exhibit two stages as the shear rate increases.We study the position distribution P(R[over ⃗],N) of a run-and-tumble particle (RTP) in arbitrary dimension d, after N runs. We assume that the constant speed v>0 of the particle during each running phase is independently drawn from a probability distribution W(v) and that the direction of the particle is chosen isotropically after each tumbling. The position distribution is clearly isotropic, P(R[over ⃗],N)→P(R,N) where R=|R[over ⃗]|. We show that, under certain conditions on d and W(v) and for large N, a condensation transition occurs at some critical value of R=R_c∼O(N) located in the large-deviation regime of P(R,N). For RR_c. Finally, we study the model when the total duration T of the RTP, instead of the total number of runs, is fixed. Our analytical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations, performed using a constrained Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, with precision ∼10^-100.The thermodynamic and structural properties of two-dimensional dense Yukawa liquids are studied with molecular dynamics simulations. The "exact" thermodynamic properties are simultaneously employed in an advanced scheme for the determination of an equation of state that shows an unprecedented level of accuracy for the internal energy, pressure, and isothermal compressibility. The "exact" structural properties are utilized to formulate a novel empirical correction to the hypernetted-chain approach that leads to a very high accuracy level in terms of static correlations and thermodynamics.We investigate majority rule dynamics in a population with two classes of people, each with two opinion states ±1, and with tunable interactions between people in different classes. In an update, a randomly selected group adopts the majority opinion if all group members belong to the same class; if not, majority rule is applied with rate ε. Consensus is achieved in a time that scales logarithmically with population size if ε≥ε_c=1/9. For ε less then ε_c, the population can get trapped in a polarized state, with one class preferring the +1 state and the other preferring -1. The time to escape this polarized state and reach consensus scales exponentially with population size.Laser-induced hydrogen plasma in the density and temperature range of (0.1-5)×10^23m^-3 and (6000-20000)K, respectively, was precisely diagnosed using two-color Thomson scattering technique, inferring the electron number density, electron temperature as well as ion temperature. Simultaneously, spectra of the Balmer series of spectral lines from H-β to H-ζ were measured and plasma emission coefficient calculated within the quasicontiguous frequency-fluctuation model. The theoretical spectra are found to be in good agreement with experimental ones, including higher-density data where discrete lines were observed to merge forming a continuum.Glassy dynamics in a confluent monolayer is indispensable in morphogenesis, wound healing, bronchial asthma, and many others; a detailed theoretical framework for such a system is, therefore, important. Vertex-model (VM) simulations have provided crucial insights into the dynamics of such systems, but their nonequilibrium nature makes theoretical development difficult. The cellular Potts model (CPM) of confluent monolayers provides an alternative model for such systems with a well-defined equilibrium limit. We combine numerical simulations of the CPM and an analytical study based on one of the most successful theories of equilibrium glass, the random first-order transition theory, and develop a comprehensive theoretical framework for a confluent glassy system. We find that the glassy dynamics within the CPM is qualitatively similar to that in the VM. Our study elucidates the crucial role of geometric constraints in bringing about two distinct regimes in the dynamics, as the target perimeter P_0 is varied. The unusual sub-Arrhenius relaxation results from the distinctive interaction potential arising from the perimeter constraint in such systems. The fragility of the system decreases with increasing P_0 in the low-P_0 regime, whereas the dynamics is independent of P_0 in the other regime. The rigidity transition, found in the VM, is absent within the CPM; this difference seems to come from the nonequilibrium nature of the former. We show that the CPM captures the basic phenomenology of glassy dynamics in a confluent biological system via comparison of our numerical results with existing experiments on different systems.
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