Notes

Area Dimension regarding Successful Leaf Area Catalog employing Optical Unit inside Plant life Cover.
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata is a popular agricultural produce known as poor man's meat among Africans because it is very cheap and affordable. In spite of its importance, its infestation by cowpea seed bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus has been a major constrain hindering its storage. Considering the high level of infestation of cowpea by C. maculatus and the high level of pollution caused by agricultural products, this research investigated the entomotoxicant effectiveness of rice husk, wheat husk and groundnut pod ash and powder in the control of cowpea beetle in storage. This study was carried out under laboratory condition of ambient temperature 28 ± 2 °C and 70 ± 5% relative humidity. The wastes (rice husk, groundnut pod and wheat husk) were pulverized separately and another portion was burnt to ashes at 525 °C. The powders and the ashes were analyzed for their proximate composition, phytochemical content (powders) and silica content (ashes). The powders and the ashes were tested at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/20 g of cowpea. Rice husk ash resulted in the highest mortality of 100% of adult beetles at dosage of 0.5g/20g cowpea after 96 h post-application. Wheat husk ash at 0.4 and 0.5 g per 20 g cowpea seed had the highest protectant ability on cowpea as it reduced fecundity to 4.67% and prevented adult emergence, seed damage and weight loss. The ash of the wastes caused more mortality of the adult beetles than their powders. The results obtained showed that the wastes caused high mortality of C. maculatus. It was also found that the wastes had some phytochemicals which might be responsible for the recorded high mortality. The findings showed that the tested agro-wastes have a promising insecticidal potential against C. Endocrinology antagonist maculatus, and can be used as possible alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for the control of stored product insects.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06958.].Orange (Citrus sinensis), lemon (Citrus limon), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and honey contain nutrients and phytochemicals that are beneficial to health. Most of the available fruit drinks are artificial and may contain a lot of chemicals which could be unhealthy and detrimental to the health of the consumers. This work was aimed at formulating a healthy fruit drink from the combination (blend) of orange, lemon, ginger and honey for the development of a new product. Thirty (30) different juice blends (formulae) were made and subjected to sensory evaluation, from which five best formulated juices were selected using a 9 point hedonic scale. These were then subjected to physicochemical, nutritional, phytochemical, microbiological analyses and shelf-life studies. The results of the study showed pH (3.40-4.90), Vitamin C (0.04-0.06 mg/mL), titrable acidity (0.04-0.21 citric acid mg/100mL), total soluble solids (2.90-20.69%), reducing (0.41-1.44 mg/mL) and non-reducing sugar (0.21-2.06 mg/mL). The moisture, protein, fat, ash, fibre and available carbohydrate contents ranged from 79.31-97.10 %, 0.01-0.56g/100mL, 0.05-0.11g/100mL, 0.51-1.13g/100mL, 0.01-0.09g/100mL and 16.39-22.99g/100mL respectively. The macro (K, Ca, P, Na) and micro (Zn, Fe) minerals varied differently with Potassium (K) being the most abundant. Amongst the five best formulated juices, F22 (5% lemon juice) was the most organoleptically accepted. On the other hand, F21 (10% lemon juice + sugar) which had the least overall acceptability amongst the five, was shown to be the most nutritive.The Okemesi area, southwestern Nigeria, is part of the Ilesha schist belt and play host to the Okemesi fold belt and the Ifewara Shear Zone. Nappe structures had been proposed for some parts of Southwestern Nigeria without very clear meso or micro structural evidence. This study provides a lot of new structural evidences to substantiate the inferred Nappe structures within the Okemesi fold belt. Mapping of the Okemesi fold has been hampered by thick vegetation in the past. However, a major deformation zone was exposed by the recent landslide activities in the area, structures and lithologies exposed by the landslide were studied and structural features that are typical of transtensional and transpressional settings were observed. This paper presents the result of the systematic filed mapping which revealed the complete, fold transposition, elements of internal strain such as cleavages and mineral lineation, intrafolial folds, flexure slip, sheath, recumbent and conjugate kink folds, winged porphyroblast, faults (low angle reverse faults, dextral faults, normal faults), ramp and flat structures, etc. The characteristics and the geometry of the observed thrust structures make it an important piece of evidence, not only to infer the tectonic events in the area, but also to constrain the timing and nature of movement associated with thrusting in the area.Over the past several decades, the fabrication of novel ceramic nanofibers applicable in different areas has been a frequent focus of scientists around the world. Aiming to introduce novel ceramic core-shell nanofibers as a magnetic solid acid catalyst, Fe2O3@SiO2-SO3H magnetic nanofibers were prepared in this study using a modification of Fe2O3@SiO2 core-shell nanofibers with chlorosulfonic acid to increase the acidic properties of these ceramic nanofibers. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The prepared nanofibers were used as catalysts in formamide and formamidine synthesis. The treatment of aqueous formic acid using diverse amines with a catalytic amount of Fe2O3@SiO2-SO3H nanofibers as a reusable, magnetic and heterogeneous catalyst produced high yields of corresponding formamides at room temperature. Likewise, the reaction of diverse amines with triethyl orthoformate led to the synthesis of formamidine derivatives in excellent yields using this novel catalyst. The catalytic system was able to be recovered and reused at least five times without any catalytic activity loss. Thus, novel core-shell nanofibers can act as efficient solid acid catalysts in different organic reactions capable of being reused several times due to their easy separation by applying magnet.Non-farm employment in agrarian communities in developing countries has received a lot of attention. However, its role in implementing climate change adaptation strategies is rarely discussed. This study employs a cross-sectional data to examine whether rural households in Southwest Nigeria are increasing the extent of climate change adaptation practices through their participation in non-farm employment. To account for selectivity bias, the study used endogenous treatment effect for count data model (precisely Poisson) augmented with the inverse probability-weighted-regression-adjustment (IPWRA) estimator. Both estimators found that rural non-farm jobs increase smallholder farmers' adaptive capacities and that participants would have used less adaptation techniques if they had not participated in non-farm work. Efforts to boost rural development must provide more employment opportunities for farmers, particularly during the off-cropping time. This will help farmers improve their ability to adopt more climate change adaptation strategies and, consequently increase farm productivity.SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, infect human mainly via respiratory tract, which is heavily inhabited by local microbiota. However, the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and nasopharyngeal microbiota, and the association with metabolome has not been well characterized. Here, metabolomic analysis of blood, urine, and nasopharyngeal swabs from a group of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, and metagenomic analysis of pharyngeal samples were used to identify the key features of COVID-19. Results showed lactic acid, l-proline, and chlorogenic acid methyl ester (CME) were significantly reduced in the sera of COVID-19 patients compared with non-COVID-19 ones. Nasopharyngeal commensal bacteria including Gemella morbillorum, Gemella haemolysans and Leptotrichia hofstadii were notably depleted in the pharynges of COVID-19 patients, while Prevotella histicola, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Veillonella dispar were relatively increased. The abundance of G. haemolysans and L. hofstadii were significantly positively associated with serum CME, which might be an anti-SARS-CoV-2 bacterial metabolite. This study provides important information to explore the linkage between nasopharyngeal microbiota and disease susceptibility. The findings were based on a very limited number of patients enrolled in this study; a larger size of cohort will be appreciated for further investigation.The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread as a global pandemic with significant morbidity and mortality. As the prevalence of COVID-19 has risen, so has the diversity of its clinical presentation. SARS-CoV-2 is considered to have neuroinvasive and neurotropic qualities that can lead to central and peripheral nervous system manifestations. We describe a 65-year-old woman who developed new-onset unilateral ptosis and mitosis following a diagnosis of COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case describing transient Horner syndrome in association with COVID-19.
To estimate appropriate dose-volume parameters for avoidance of pneumonitis in use of chemoradiotherapy and durvalumab for treatment of lung cancer.

Patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by durvalumab at 9 centers were enrolled in the study. Three-dimensional radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy, and proton beam therapy were used. The frequency and severity of pneumonitis and the dose-volume relationship for normal lung were evaluated. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify risk factors. A covariate adjusted hazard ratio was then estimated for the percentages of normal lung volume irradiated at≥X Gy (Vx) (X=5-40) and lung volume non-irradiated at≥X Gy (X=5-40), with the covariates selected in the variable selection. Cumulative incidence functions and covariate adjusted hazard ratios were also estimated for dichotomized variables, with estimated cut-off points.

A total of 91 patients were enrolled in the study. Theof this therapy.The infection by COVID-19 is a serious global public health problem. An efficient way to improve this disease's clinical management would be to characterize patients at higher risk of progressing to critically severe infection using prognostic biomarkers. The telomere length could be used for this purpose. Telomeres are responsible for controlling the number of maximum cell divisions. The telomere length is a biomarker of aging and several diseases. We aimed to compare leukocyte telomere length (LTL) between patients without COVID-19 and patients with different clinical severity of the infection. Were included 53 patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR divided in four groups. The first group was composed by patients with a negative diagnosis for COVID-19 (n = 12). The other three groups consisted of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 divided according to the severity of the disease mild (n = 15), moderate (n = 17) and severe (n = 9). The LTL was determined by Q-PCR. The severe group had the shortest LTL, followed by the moderate group.
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