Notes

Phytoglobin-NO cycle as well as AOX pathway play a role in anaerobic germination along with expansion of deepwater rice.
Deep infrapatellar bursitis (DIB) has been detected in cases of Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD). However, the clinical implications of DIB in the apophyseal stage, during the period when OSD has not yet developed, remain unclear.

To investigate the factors related to DIB in the apophyseal stage in preadolescent baseball players.

Cross-sectional study, Level of evidence, 3.

The study participants were junior baseball players who participated in a medical checkup in 2020. We included knees in the apophyseal stage evaluated using ultrasonography, and classified them into the bursitis and no-bursitis groups using color-enhanced Doppler ultrasonography. We also investigated bone lesions of the tibial tuberosity, determined by fragmentation of the bone and irregularity of the ossification center. Demographic data, practice duration, pressure pain on tuberosity, pain while playing baseball (visual analog scale), heel-buttock distance (HBD), straight-leg raise angle, and range of hip internal and external rotaness at a very early stage.
DIB in the apophyseal stage was related to practice duration and thigh muscle tightness. These findings may help predict overload and thigh muscle tightness at a very early stage.
Radiographic and cadaveric studies have suggested that anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) femoral tunnel drilling with the use of a flexible reaming system through an anteromedial portal (AM-FR) may result in a different graft and femoral tunnel position compared with using a rigid reamer through an accessory anteromedial portal with hyperflexion (AAM-RR). No prior studies have directly compared clinical outcomes between the use of these 2 techniques for femoral tunnel creation during ACLR.

To compare revision rates at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively for patients who underwent ACLR with AM-FR versus AAM-RR. The secondary objectives were to compare functional testing and patient-reported outcomes between the cohorts.

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Included were consecutive patients at a single academic institution between 2013 and 2018 who underwent primary ACLR without additional ligamentous reconstruction. Patients were separated into 2 groups based on the type of anad study, independent femoral tunnel drilling for ACLR using rigid or flexible reaming systems resulted in comparable rates of revision ACLR at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively, with no significant differences in strength assessments or patient-reported outcomes at 6 months postoperatively.
In this limited study, independent femoral tunnel drilling for ACLR using rigid or flexible reaming systems resulted in comparable rates of revision ACLR at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively, with no significant differences in strength assessments or patient-reported outcomes at 6 months postoperatively.
Patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) often want to return to sport (RTS) after surgery. However, the time taken to RTS and proportion of patients who RTS after UKA remain unknown.

To determine the time to RTS and proportion of patients who RTS after UKA.

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

A search was performed using PubMed, Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus and the Cochrane Library databases for clinical trials reporting on RTS after UKA published between database inception and September 2021. In addition, a manual search was performed of relevant sports medicine and orthopaedic journals, and bibliographies were reviewed for eligible trials. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used to undertake this study.

This meta-analysis included 11 studies (749 patients) that reported on RTS after UKA. The proportion of patients returning to sports increased over time 6 studies (432 patients) demonstrated an overall pooled proo RTS at 48 months after surgery. The majority of patients who were able to RTS after UKA did so at a lower level of intensity than their preoperative level. RTS after UKA was associated with good patient-reported functional outcomes scores and a low risk of complications.Astrocytes are essential in maintaining normal brain functions such as blood brain barrier (BBB) homeostasis and synapse formation as the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). After the stroke, astrocytes are known as reactive astrocytes (RAs) because they are stimulated by various damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines, resulting in significant changes in their reactivity, gene expression, and functional characteristics. RAs perform multiple functions after stroke. The inflammatory response of RAs may aggravate neuro-inflammation and release toxic factors to exert neurological damage. However, RAs also reduce excitotoxicity and release neurotrophies to promote neuroprotection. Furthermore, RAs contribute to angiogenesis and axonal remodeling to promote neurological recovery. Therefore, RAs' biphasic roles and mechanisms make them an effective target for functional recovery after the stroke. In this review, we summarized the dynamic functional changes and internal molecular mechanisms of RAs, as well as their therapeutic potential and strategies, in order to comprehensively understand the role of RAs in the outcome of stroke disease and provide a new direction for the clinical treatment of stroke.Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are classically known as important effector molecules in innate immunity across all multicellular organisms. However, emerging evidence begins to suggest multifunctional properties of AMPs beyond their antimicrobial activity, surprisingly including their roles in regulating neuronal function, such as sleep and memory formation. Aging, which is fundamental to neurodegeneration in both physiological and disease conditions, interestingly affects the expression pattern of many AMPs in an infection-independent manner. While it remains unclear whether these are coincidental events, or a mechanistic relationship exists, previous studies have suggested a close link between AMPs and a few key proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses recent literature and advances in understanding the crosstalk between AMPs and the nervous system at both molecular and functional levels, with the aim to explore how AMPs may relate to neuronal vulnerability in aging.The frequency and timing of antenatal care visits are observed to be the significant factors of infant and maternal morbidity and mortality. The present research is conducted to determine the risk factors of reduced antenatal care visits using an optimized partial least square regression model. A data set collected during 2017-2018 by Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys is used for modeling purposes. The partial least square regression model coupled with rank correlation measures are introduced for improved performance to address ranked response. The proposed models included PLSρ s , PLSτ A , PLSτ B , PLSτ C , PLS  D , PLSτ GK , PLS  G , and PLS  U . Three filter-based factor selection methods are executed, and leave-one-out cross-validation by linear discriminant analysis is measured on predicted scores of all models. find more Finally, the Monte Carlo simulation method with 10 iterations of repeated sampling for optimization of validation performance is applied to select the optimum model. The standard and proposed models are executed over simulated and real data sets for efficiency comparison. The PLSρ s is found to be the most appropriate proposed method to model the observed ranked data set of antenatal care visits based on validation performance. The optimal model selected 29 influential factors of inadequate use of antenatal care. The important factors of reduced antenatal care visits included women's educational status, wealth index, total children ever born, husband's education level, domestic violence, and history of cesarean section. The findings recommended that partial least square regression algorithms coupled with rank correlation coefficients provide more efficient estimates of ranked data in the presence of multicollinearity.
To establish the quality standard of Zhiqingshu lotion by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

HPLC was used to determine emodin, chrysophanol, caffeic acid, and berberine hydrochloride content, key water-soluble components of rhubarb, dandelion, and Phellodendron amurense in Zhiqingshu lotion. The macrophage inflammation model was used to analyze the anti-inflammatory effects of Zhiqingshu lotion.

HPLC results showed that the contents of emodin, chrysophanol, caffeic acid, and berberine hydrochloride in Zhiqingshu lotion were 7.93 ± 2.25, 20.85 ± 4.27, 48.9 ± 6.79, and 58.4 ± 10.3 
g/mL, respectively. Moreover, RT-qPCR results showed that different concentrations of Zhiqingshu lotion significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)
and interleukin- (IL-) 1
in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages.

HPLC could quantitatively and qualitatively analyze and identify the main components of Zhiqingshu lotion as rhodopsin, rhodopsin, caffeic acid, and berberine hydrochloride. And Zhiqingshu lotion has an excellent anti-inflammatory effect. This method was simple and reliable and could be used for the identification of the ingredients and content of Zhiqingshu lotion, thus improving the quality control of the drug.
HPLC could quantitatively and qualitatively analyze and identify the main components of Zhiqingshu lotion as rhodopsin, rhodopsin, caffeic acid, and berberine hydrochloride. And Zhiqingshu lotion has an excellent anti-inflammatory effect. This method was simple and reliable and could be used for the identification of the ingredients and content of Zhiqingshu lotion, thus improving the quality control of the drug.
Axillary lymph node (ALN) staging is the most effective method to evaluate the condition of patients with breast cancer, their choice of treatment options, and prognosis. The sentinel lymph node (SLN) status assessment is the key to sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with breast cancer. The choice of tracer and tracer injection sites affects SLNB.

This study mainly analyzes the best tracer for SLNB and the best choice of tracer injection site.

A total of 165 breast cancer patients who underwent SLNB were selected and injected with methylene blue or 99mTc-labeled sodium phytate or nanocarbon 20 min before biopsy. The number of SLNs detected by different tracers in different injection sites such as peritumoral tissue (PT) and subareolar area (SA) was counted, and the sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative prediction rates were recorded and compared.

The detection success rate, average detection number of SLNs, and detection accuracy of the nanocarbon tracer were higher than the other two. The detection sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative prediction rates of nanocarbon for SLNB were also higher than those of the other two tracers. When comparing the performance of tracers in different injection sites, it was found that the detection of three tracers injected in the SA was better than the injection in the PT.

For women with early-stage breast cancer, nanocarbon can be used as the preferred tracer for SLNB to determine the status of the patient's ALNs, and the areola area can be used as the best injection site.
For women with early-stage breast cancer, nanocarbon can be used as the preferred tracer for SLNB to determine the status of the patient's ALNs, and the areola area can be used as the best injection site.
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